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Biomedical subjects

S Dutta

Publications and source records attributed to S Dutta.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics in children.

The Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA) is a topical application, which has proved to be a useful medication for providing pain relief among children. It is an emulsion containing a 1:1 mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. The high concentration of the uncharged anesthetic base in the microdroplets of the emulsion ensure effective skin penetration. In the pediatric population EMLA has been shown to be efficacious when it is used prior to venipuncture, cannulation, lumbar puncture, laser treatment of port wine stains, curettage of molluscum contagiosum or vaccination. For several of these indications, the efficacy has been documented by double blind controlled trials, that have used objective and quasi-objective scales for assessing pain relief. The dose of EMLA is between 0.5 to 1 gram, and the cream should be applied half to one hour prior to the procedure. Local side effects are very mild, and the only systemic side effect of importance is the risk of methemoglobinemia in young infants. The literature has conflicting reports about the safety of EMLA in neonates.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

McCune Albright syndrome and hypophosphatemic rickets.

A 4 year-old girl had coxa vara, tibial bowing and hyperpigmented macules. The x-ray showed polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and evidence of rickets. Biochemical investigations confirmed hyperphosphaturic hypophosphatemic rickets. The literature has been reviewed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological and clinical profiles of acute invasive diarrhoea with special reference to mucoid episodes: a rural community-based longitudinal study.

A study was carried out in 3 villages near Calcutta, India, having a population of 5464, between August 1992 and December 1994. A cohort of rural children below 4 years of age was prospectively observed to determine the clinico-epidemiological aspects of mucoid diarrhoea and examine propensity to invasiveness. Overall, the incidence of diarrhoea was 1.7 episodes/child/year, and that of mucoid and bloody dysentery was 0.8 and 0.2 episodes/child/year, respectively. Children aged 6-11 months had a higher incidence of mucoid diarrhoea (1.3 episodes/child/year) and the peak season occurred in June and July. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that mucoid diarrhoea and bloody dysentery were closely similar in both clinical and laboratory findings, including raised faecal leucocyte count (> 10/high power microscope field [hpf]). However, abdominal pain occurred more frequently in bloody dysentery than in mucoid diarrhoea. Faecal leucocyte count (> 10/hpf) can therefore be used as an indicator for invasiveness of mucoid diarrhoea at the community level.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A sequential scanning of the immune efficiency in astrocytoma (Grade I to Grade Iii), meningioma and secondary glioma patients with and without therapeutic scheduling.

PURPOSE: Glioma induces immune suppression. However, data revealing the immune status in glioma patients with sequential therapeutic interventions is missing. Thus, the study aims at evaluating the sequential immune status of glioma bearing patients (Astrocytoma Grade I to Grade III) receiving conventional therapeutic measures. The results were compared with the immune status of metastatic secondary glioma and meningioma patients where there is minimal immune suppression and the effect of therapeutic intervention on the above score. METHODS: Functional immune parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed by CD2 receptors enumeration through E-rosetting and lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay and assessing the generation of reactive oxygen species by NBT assay of peripheral blood macrophages in patient groups bearing Astrocytoma (Grade I to Grade III), meningioma and secondary glioma. RESULTS: Patients bearing Astrocytoma (all 3 grades) showed maximum immune suppression as compared to the normal subjects, diseased meningioma controls, and secondary glioma. Therapeutic interventions viz. radiotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy after surgery and chemotherapy could not recover the suppressed activity of the CD2 bearing lymphocytes and that of peripheral blood macrophages. However, therapeutic scheduling could recover the functional activity of the CD8 bearing lymphocytes and the CD56 NK cells from that of tumor bearing patients. CONCLUSION: Astrocytoma and not meningioma is capable of causing immunesuppression. As the tumor progresses from Grade I to Grade III, a linear reduction in the functional efficacy of immunocytes is seen to occur. Radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy also induces an inhibitory effect towards the host immune system. The inhibitory effect of tumor as well as of therapy were mainly directed towards the CD2 bearing lymphocyte population and the peripheral blood macrophage population.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transillumination for the diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum.

Transillumination of the abdomen with a cold fibreoptic light source was used for the rapid diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum in a sick premature infant with necrotising enterocolitis. The diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy. The neonate survived the surgical procedure of resection and anastomosis of the perforated gut. Although additional diagnostic investigations such as X-rays and paracentesis of the abdomen were also positive in this case, transillumination of the abdomen proved to be a useful tool for early diagnosis. Transillumination thus is a valuable modality for early diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum, especially where facilities for in-house X-rays are not available.

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-chloroethylnitrosoureas of substituted naphthalimides as mixed-function anticancer compounds.

New mixed function anticancer compounds as 2-chloroethylnitrosoureas of substituted naphthalimides represented by bromonap-NU 4a and chloronap-NU 4b, have been synthesized from 4-bromo- and 4-chloro-l,8-naphthalic anhydride, respectively following a 3-step process. Their chemical alkylating activity compared with nor -HN2 indicated that they possess greater alkylating activity than the latter. Their antitumour efficacies were assessed in vivo in two murine ascites tumours, namely Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Sarcoma-180 (S-180) by measuring the increase in median survival times (MST) of drug treated (T) over untreated control (C) mice. Two standard clinical drugs namely endoxan (cyclophosphamide) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were used as positive controls for comparison. Both of them have displayed substantial and reproducible antitumoral activity in these tumours comparable with 5-FU. These were further screened in vitro in 6 different human tumour cell lines but no significant activity was observed in those lines.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and evaluation of substituted naphthalimide nitrogen mustards as rationally designed anticancer compounds.

Bromonapmustine 4a and chloronapmustine 4b, two new nitrogen mustards of substituted naphthalimides, have been synthesized as mixed-function anticancer compounds from 4-bromo- and 4-chloro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-naphthalimide respectively following a three-step process. Their chemical alkylating activity exceeded that of nor-HN2. Their antitumour efficacy were assessed in vivo in two murine ascites tumours, namely Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Sarcoma-180 (S-180) by measuring the increase in median survival times (MST) of drug treated (T) over untreated control (C) mice. Two standard clinical drugs, namely endoxan (cyclophosphamide) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were used as positive controls for comparison. Both of them have displayed substantial and reproducible antitumoural activity in these tumours comparable with 5-FU. These compounds inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA in S-180 tumour cells. These were further screened in vitro in 3 different human tumour cell lines but no significant activity was observed in those lines.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a training programme for school teachers on school health service.

A training programme was developed and implemented for 56 primary school teachers of Barasat II block in North 24 Parganas district as per their recommended roles and responsibilities in School health service. The methodology consisted of development of learning objectives, evaluation parameters (questionnaire and check list) and teaching-learning materials. This was followed by pre-training assessment, implementation of training and re-training and evaluation of the outcome 7 days and 3 months after initial training and re-training. One way analysis of variance revealed significant overall improvement of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain of learning of school teachers. The need of periodic re-inforcement training with adequate scope of practice under supervision were emphasized.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study on bed utilization in the gynaecological ward of a district hospital in West Bengal.

A study was conducted in a non-paying gynaecological ward of the district hospital, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal to assess different bed efficiency indicators. Total 331 patients were admitted in 23 study beds (12 OPD beds and 11 emergency beds) during an observation period of six months. Overall average number of admissions were 14.4 and average length of stay 14.7days. Bed turnover rate was 13.8 and was higher for emergency beds (22.1) compared to OPD beds (9). Bed occupancy rate was 61.3% with significant difference between OPD beds (57.5%) and emergency beds (65.4%).

Bed Occupancy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors and their implication on silent myocardial ischaemia.

Sixty-five cases were evaluated for silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI) by computerised treadmill test (TMT) and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (AEM). There were 59 males and 6 females. The cases were divided into GP-I-stable angina (35 cases) GP-II-stable angina after myocardial infarction (15 cases) and GP-III-asymptomatic (15 cases). Age in each group ranged from 36 years to 62 years (GP-I), 40 years to 68 years (GP-II) and 36 years to 48 years (GP-III). Conventional risk factors viz. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking and family history were assessed with a view to see their implication on SMI. 43 patients (62.2%) were found to have SMI including mixed episodes. Out of these 43, TMT was positive in 29 patients (67.4%), AEM was positive in 41 patients (95.3%) and both TMT and AEM were positive in 27 patients (62.7%). Correlative analysis between risk factors and SMI revealed that higher number of was associated with not only more positive TMT and AEM test along with increased episodes of SMI but also increased degree of ST-T depression. It was also found that AEM is more sensitive than TMT (80% Vs 48%) for diagnosing SMI (SED = 9.03%), though specificity of the tests is same (93.3%).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An echo-cardiographic (M-mode & 2D) analysis of thalassaemia major.

25 cases of thalassaemia major were studied by 2D and M-mode echocardiography. A significantly increased (p less than 0.001) mean value (100.8 +/- 27.37 msec, range 80 to 140 msec) of A2-E (early relaxation period) interval on M-mode was observed in thalassemia in comparison to mean level (82.6 +/- 5.7, range 60 to 100 msec) of control population. No significant differences were noted in FS % (fractional shortening) and EF% (ejection fraction) when compared to corresponding normal values respectively. Mean serum iron concentration (142.2 +/- 29.1 micrograms/dl, range 102 to 192 micrograms/dl) was significantly higher in thalassaemia as compared to normal population (mean 106.3 +/- 11.4 micrograms/dl, range 75 to 120 micrograms/dl). There was also a direct correlation between serum iron concentration and A2-E interval. 11 patients (44%) showed abnormal A2-E interval but only 3 patients (12%) showed abnormal percentage of FS and EF. It is therefore concluded that A2-E interval will help to detect early left ventricular dysfunction much before overt and irreversible heart failure becomes manifest and which will also help to optimise transfusion and chelation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic significance of risk factors in acute myocardial infarction in young.

The study included 45 consecutive patients in the age group of 27 to 39 years presenting with AMI diagnosed by typical history, ECG changes and enzyme response. Prognostic significance of various risk factors in AMI in young was evaluated. There were 41 M (91.1%) and 4 F (8.9%) with mean age of 34.6 years. ECG showed anterior myocardial infarction (MI) in 18 (40%), inferior MI in 15(33.3%), Subendocardial inf in 10(22.5%) and combined anterior and inferior MI in 2 (4.5%) cases. Various risk factors were: Smoking (60%), hyperlipidemia (44.4%), stress (40%), hypertension (28.9%), family history (28.9%), diabetes mellitus (15.7%) and obesity (8.8%). Attention was given on atherogenic index (AI) (22.2%). Coronary angiogram was done in 20, which revealed significant coronary arterial obstruction in 15 cases; 3-vessel disease (n = 7), 2 vessel disease (n = 4) and single vessel disease (n = 4). Both 3 VD and 2 VD were associated with high AI. Risk factors (RF) were grouped as RFGI when combination of 3 or more RF were present, and RFG II when 2 or less RF were present. RFGI and RFGII were present in 40% and 60% cases respectively. Prognostically, patients were divided in two groups of MI-fatal (6) and nonfatal (39), the latter were subdivided into complicated (14) and uncomplicated (25). It was observed that more fatal cases were found in RFGI, whereas nonfatal uncomplicated MI was more in RFG II (P less than .001).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A cross-over trial comparing the effects of acebutolol and propranolol on the serum lipids and hypertension.

A two-way cross-over trial comparing the effects of acebutolol and propranolol on the lipid profile was conducted. 50 patients were evaluated. The primary objective was to determine whether treatment by certain classes of beta-blockers induced deleterious effects on the serum lipids which could partially or wholly negate the beneficial effect of controlling hypertension. Each patient served as his/her own control, and received 6 weeks of therapy with acebutolol and 6 weeks of therapy with propranolol. The analysis of the results revealed that acebutolol did not have any adverse effect on the lipid profile in contrast to reports which implicate other beta-blockers in inducing pro-atherogenic changes in the serum lipid profile; but acebutolol and propranolol were equi-effective in controlling hypertension.

Acebutolol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with balloon valvuloplasty in pulmonary stenosis.

Fourteen patients of pure valvular pulmonary stenosis of moderate to severe degree underwent balloon valvuloplasty in the Department of Cardiology, SSKM Hospital, Calcutta. Haemodynamic study revealed that immediately after valvuloplasty, right ventricular pressure dropped down from 125 +/- 17.18 mmHg. to 56.67 +/- 8.72 mmHg. (mean +/- SD). Restudy was done in each case after 4 weeks, which showed that right ventricular systolic pressure had further dropped down to 46.71 +/- 5.06 mmHg. (Mean +/- SD). Patients were further followed up for 6 to 15 months (mean 10 months). During the follow-up period, all the patients remained asymptomatic. Drop of right ventricular systolic pressure was maintained except in one case in which the peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve was raised to 61 mmHg. from 24 mmHg., the gradient achieved immediately after valvuloplasty.

Adolescent↗