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Biomedical subjects

S Duke

Publications and source records attributed to S Duke.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

An exploration of anticipatory grief: the lived experience of people during their spouses' terminal illness and in bereavement.

Anticipatory grief has been the subject of much debate since Lindemann first coined the term to describe premature mourning. Much of the research in this area takes a positivist approach focusing on the effect of anticipatory grief on bereavement. In contrast, this study, explores anticipatory grief through a Heideggerian phenomenological approach to elicit the experience of anticipatory grief. Unstructured interviews were conducted with four participants. The resulting data were interpreted using hermeneutics and evaluated using the criteria identified by Madison. The themes arising from this interpretation identify the change the participants experienced. Although these findings are limited to four participants, they are offered to raise awareness of the impact of multiple role loss and the impact of diagnosis on supporting partners. The findings also raise ways in which nurses might support people experiencing loss.

Bereavement

An analytical study of the changing health of a hospice population 1978-89.

This study explores the changing characteristics of patients admitted to Sir Michael Sobell House, Oxford, between 1978-89. These dates represent the period between the first available records and the first computerized records. Analysis is between these dates and has been undertaken to enable future comparison between the early life of the unit with more recent developments. Using secondary sources the following areas were compared statistically: information related to general characteristics such as sex and age; information related to referral such as the number of referrals; diagnosis on referral and reasons for referral; information related to problems presented and place of death. Significant findings included an increase in referrals and patient survival; an increase in patients dying at home; a decrease in symptoms presented on referral and fewer referrals for terminal care; and an increase in referral for rehabilitation, assessment and support. Reasons for these changes are suggested.

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Technology of Prosthetic Material.

Prosthetic material to repair a hernia is indicated for large defects, attenuated muscle, or tension avoidance on a repair. Biological, absorbable, and permanent material can be used to repair a hernia. Absorbable substances such as Dexon (Davis & Geck, Wayne, NJ) and Vicryl (Ethicon, Inc, Somerville, NJ) are useful in infected areas but have a high recurrence rate. Nonabsorbable material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are the most commonly used materials for mesh repair of a hernia. The properties of these meshes are determined not only by their composition but also by the size of the fibrils and interstices. Marlex (Bard Vascular, Billerica, MA) has a thicker fibril diameter and large interstices that allow ingrowth of surrounding material but has some stiffness in handling. PTFE has small fibrils and interstices that result in less ingrowth of tissue but ease in handling. Prolene (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) has intermediate size fibrils and interstices and moderate ingrowth of tissue and ease of handling.

Journal Article

Physical properties of two new crown and bridge veneering resins.

The degree of conversion and physical properties of two contemporary resin veneers based on light-cured microfilled composite formulations and employing proprietary curing systems were evaluated. Visio-gem (V) and Dentacolor (D) were polymerized using the appropriate curing systems. Polymer structure and degree of conversion were determined by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) techniques. Physical properties, including depth of cure, compressive and diametral tensile strengths, hardness, thermal expansion and colour stability were determined by standard test modalities. Both materials appear to have the properties of typical microfilled resins including low compressive yield strengths and high thermal expansion coefficients. The curing system for V produced an increased depth of cure compared to conventional light curing techniques and the D system, but no clinically significant increase in the physical properties.

Acrylic Resins

Response of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with roxarsone and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in diets containing narasin.

Six trials were conducted at different locations to examine the response of broiler chickens to roxarsone and bacitracin in the form of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) in the presence of the anticoccidal narasin. All diets contained narasin (80 mg/kg) and were fortified with a factorial arrangement of roxarsone (0 to 50 mg/kg) and BMD (0 or 55 mg/kg). Broilers were grown to market weights with narasin and roxarsone removed from the diets for the final 5 days. Addition of both roxarsone and BMD resulted in significant (P less than .05) improvements in body weight and feed utilization. Response to roxarsone for feed utilization was influenced to some extent by the presence or absence of BMD. Although the response to roxarsone was always positive, the degree of response was lessened by the presence of BMD. This resulted in a significant (P less than .10) interaction between roxarsone and BMD for feed utilization but not for body weight.

Animal Feed

Immunotoxic effects of diethylstilbestrol on host resistance: comparison with cyclophosphamide.

To evaluate the usefulness of host resistance assays for measurement of immunotoxicologic effects of chemicals, the immunosuppressive effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) were compared with the effects of treatment with the known immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CPS). A panel of six host resistance models was evaluated, including infection with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC), the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, the parasite Naegleria fowleri, and transplantation of the B16F10 melanoma tumor. The results demonstrate a general correlation between the effects of CPS and DES on host resistance. Acute treatment with CPS (200 mg/kg) markedly depressed resistance to the microbial infections with L. monocytogenes and HSV, and exposure to DES usually also decreased resistance in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, CPS had no marked effect on resistance to N. fowleri and EMC virus, and exposure to DES also had a neglible or slight effect. There were, however, two model systems in which the effects of CPS and DES diverged. Whereas treatment with DES produced no significant effect on resistance to C. neoformans, acute treatment with CPS prior to the fungal infection produced a marked increase in resistance. Also, while treatment with CPS markedly increased B16F10 lung metastases, treatment with DES significantly decreased the incidence and number of lung metastases. The data support the general validity of host resistance assays, particularly with models of short disease course, for measuring immunosuppression. However, the results also emphasize the complexity of interpreting effects of environmental chemicals on host resistance, because of the interplay of such factors as relative times of exposure to the chemical in relation to pathogenesis of infection, the length of the disease course, the nature of the operative host defense mechanisms, and the compensatory recovery of these mechanisms.

Amebiasis

Establishing a bereavement service.

Susan Duke looks at research into the effects of bereavement and examines the interventions necessary for establishing the most helpful support service. Current research is limited, she says, and suggests that bereavement programmes should see research as an important component of their function. With the right preparation, existing staff can provide support without the need for bereavement specialists.

Bereavement

Hidden nursing.

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