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Biomedical subjects

S Dube

Publications and source records attributed to S Dube.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Blunt diaphragmatic rupture.

Diaphragmatic injury is often a missed diagnosis in patients with multiple trauma. For this reason, mortality can be high. From 1970 to 1981, 32 patients with diaphragmatic injuries were seen at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital. Twenty-four of the patients (22 men and 2 women aged 18 to 79 years) had blunt abdominal or thoracic trauma causing diaphragmatic disruption. Rupture occurred 20 times on the left side of the diaphragm, and 3 times on the right side. There was one pericardiophrenic rupture. Motor vehicle accident was the most common cause of trauma. On arrival, 21 patients had acute diaphragmatic rupture. Clinical signs and radiography permitted early diagnosis in 15 patients, whereas diagnosis was made later in 3 other patients because of deterioration of vital signs. In two patients, diagnosis was made at laparotomy for another reason. Four patients were operated on for post-traumatic chronic diaphragmatic hernia. The abdominal approach was used in 18 patients, the thoracic approach in 4, and the thoracoabdominal approach in 2. Three patients died, two of whom had a late diagnosis. Fourteen patients had no complications. Diaphragmatic trauma can be easily managed surgically when diagnosis is made early after trauma. It must always be looked for in patients with multiple trauma.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Markers in psychoses: studies from India.

Genetic considerations are important in studying the pathogenesis of the psychoses. There are few reports from India, however, which have pursued a "biological marker" approach to functional illness of this type. A review of such few studies as do exist is presented to add to contemporary knowledge in the area. Recommendations are also made for evolving newer research strategies.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Long term course and outcome of the Agra cases in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia.

The course and outcome at a 13-14-year follow-up of the Agra cases in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) was observed by two methods: i) through a mailed questionnaire to assess the key respondents own perception of their state, ii) by a thorough clinical examination and assessment using standard instruments. The results of these two methods were compared and no significant difference found. Based on the second method it was found that 46% of schizophrenics and 43% of manic-depressives had one or two episodes during the first 5 years after inclusion and none in the subsequent period of 8 to 9 years (up to the present follow-up). The results indicate that the illness loses its intensity over a period of years. Mortality among schizophrenics was higher than the expected rate in a general population. The suicide rate was similar to that reported in other studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Acetylcholine and alpha 1-adrenergic sensitivity in the separation of depression and anxiety.

Three relatively clear-cut diagnostic groups, namely primary major depressive disorder-endogenous subtype (PRI MDD-E), primary anxiety disorder with no depression (PRI ANX), and normal controls as well as two additional patient groups with mixed or coexisting anxious/depressive diagnoses were studied. Clinical assessment was made by routine psychiatric interview, Schedule of Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia (SADS) research interview, and obtaining family history of MDD. Subjects underwent both routine 'baseline' sleep EEG polygraphic arecoline, a muscarinic, cholinergic agonist infused during sleep. Cholinergic sensitivity was assessed by measuring the time to induction of REM sleep after arecoline infusion. In addition, a subgroup of MDD patients underwent pupillographic testing. Peripheral alpha-adrenergic responsivity was measured by the magnitude of pupillary mydriatic response after local ocular instillation of phenylephrine. Successful separation (83% correct classification) of the 'pure' groups (PRI MDD-E, PRI ANX, and normal) was achieved by discriminant function analysis of sleep EEG variables. Compared to PRI ANX and normal groups, patients with PRI MDD-E had supersensitive cholinergic REM-induction response, shorter REM latency, increased first REM density and REM percent. Separation of the PRI ANX and normal groups was by intermittent awake time, delta sleep percent, and total REM density. Classification of the mixed anxious/depressive groups was next attempted using the discriminant coefficients derived from the above analysis of 'pure' groups. We found that the presence of absence of family history of MDD in patients with mixed diagnosis offered the best prediction of classification into PRI MDD-E and PRI ANX groups, respectively. MDD patients with coexisting panic disorder were significantly subsensitive to phenylephrine-induced mydriasis compared to MDD patients without anxiety.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Thyroid hormone receptors of developing chick brain are predominantly in the neurons.

The relative concentration of the triiodothyronine (T3) receptors in the neuronal and glial nuclei of developing chick brain have been studied. Scatchard analysis indicate that the number of T3 binding sites in the neuronal nuclei increases from 400 to 1600 sites/nucleus between 7-11 day of embryonic development without any concomitant change in the level of glial nuclear receptors (130 - 200 sites/nucleus). Both sites are of high affinity (Ka = 1-3 x 10(9) M-1) at all ages examined. The abundance of the T3- receptors in the neuronal nuclei and the close coincidence of the period of rise in the level of these receptors in these nuclei (7-11 day) with that of maximal neuronal growth and synaptogenesis (7-13 day) suggest that the neurons are the primary site of action of T3 in the developing brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Personality types in Ayurveda.

The basis of human personality as given in ancient Hindu Ayurvedan literature is reviewed and interpreted in the light of current knowledge and understanding. The structure of mind expounded in Sankhyan philosophy is explained and its parallelism with the Freudian approach is brought out. The formative influences in the development of the mental constitution of an individual are described. An attempt is made to demonstrate close similarity between Ayurvedan and Lewin's field (Gestalt) theories. Significance of Tridosh (Vet, Pitta and Kaf), by vitiating the chemical balance, as etiological factors of mental illness is described. Sixteen personality types and their correspondence with 16 types of mental disorders are mentioned.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Genetic transformation of murine bone marrow cells to methotrexate resistance.

Genetic transformation of murine bone marrow stem cells to methotrexate resistance was achieved using a modified calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation procedure. Bone marrow cells were transformed by DNA derived from methotrexate-resistant mouse 3T6 cells. In vivo selection of drug-resistant bone marrow cells resulted from thrice weekly injections of methotrexate (MTX) for a period of 6-8 wk. Following selection, dihydrofolate reductase activity encoded by the donor DNA species was easily detectable in extracts of recipient mouse spleens. In addition, selection of methotrexate-resistant cells was indicated by the persistence of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) in drug-treated animals. Also, changes in ratios of mixed syngeneic bone marrow cells derived from CBA and CBA/T6T6 mice resulted from initial treatment of either cell type with 3T6 DNA. These results confirm and extend the observations of Cline and coworkers that normal bone marrow cells can be genetically transformed to methotrexate resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Identification and characterisation of two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases associated with Trypanosoma Brucei microsomes.

Microsomes forom Trypanosoma brucei contain glycosyltransferases able to incorporate N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into two different types of acceptors. A first transferase catalyzes the transfer of N-[14C]acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate from uridine diphosphate N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into dolichol monophosphate. The enzymatic activity requires Mn2+, is time and temperature dependent, has an optimum pH of 7.4 and is completely inhibited by the antibiotic tunicamycin. Exogenous dolichol monophosphate enhances the glycosyltransferase activity. The kinetics of incorporation are characterized by a Km of 2.6 microM for uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase are comparable to those reported for the first enzyme of the dolichol cycle described in several eukaryotes. N-Acetyl-glucosaminylpyrophosphoryl-dolichol is essentially the only product of the reaction. A second type of activity which is responsible for the direct transfer of N[14C]acetylglucosamine from uridine diphosphate N[14C]acetylglucosamine into several endogenous polypeptide acceptors, is also associated with T. brucei microsomes. The reaction, which might be due to more than one enzyme, is dependent on Mn2+, but differs from the other transferase in all other characteristics. Time course and optimal temperature are different, and the optimum pH is 6.5. The reaction is independent of the external addition of dolichol monophosphate and tunicamy cin has no inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity. AKm of 1.6 microM was calculated fr uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Severe depression in different cultures.

The observations on 99 cases of psychotic depression as per I.C.D.--8 categories 296.0, 296.2, 298.0 (WHO 1967) which were included and studied during the course of the 'International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia' carried out in nine field research centres in different countries are reported. An attempt is made to high-light and discuss in cross-cultural perspective: (i) the psychopathological similarities and differences among psychotic depressives, and (ii) similarities and differences of psychotic depressives with clinically diagnosed schizophrenics and with corcordant and discrepant groups (WHO 1973) of schizophrenia.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1982

"Makings of a dacoit".

A study of the dacoits of the Chambal River valley was undertaken to determine what special circumstances exist to make them to take to dacoity, or whether these outlaws had a psychopathic disposition. The study sample consisted of 50 dacoits, compared with 50 aggressive criminals and 50 normals (non-criminals) from the same region. Among the most important factors contributing to their choosing this particular criminal career were: insecure childhood, enemity, psychopathic or wayward tendencies, belonging to a family of outlaws, rejection by society, extremely discordant family conditions, and the influence of operating dacoits.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Results of ventriculoatrial shunt surgery for hydrocephalus using Indian shunt valve: evaluation of intellectual performance with particular reference to computerized axial tomography.

The clinical experience of treating 110 Indian Children for hydrocephalus by ventriculoatrial shunts using the Upadhyaya shunt valve has been presented. Most of the children had a poor socioeconomic background and were late referrals. Children operated during the period from March 1979 to February 1980 were evaluated pre and postoperatively for mental performance and by CAT scanning as a longitudinal study. Children operated earlier than March 1979 and who came to the clinic for follow-up were also included in the study for observing serial changes in CAT scans and mental performance. A new method of quantifying mental performance in infants and children has been described. Age at operation and nature of hydrocephalus do not seem to have any correlation with the mental performance in shunted children. Severity of hydrocephalus measured as ventricular/brain ratio on CAT scan appears to have a very significant correlation with the intellectual status, children with smaller ventricles having better performance. The longitudinal part of the follow-up study indicates that mental performance of shunted children improves progressively up to 5 years. Longitudinal study of mental performance and serial CAT scans after shunt surgery are recommended as essential refinements in the management of hydrocephalic children.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

The question of onymity and anonymity of a questionnaire in a drug use survey.

In a drug use survey of 457 final-year medical students a self-administered questionnaire included the controversial question whether such questionnaires should be onymous or anonymous. Definite answers either in favour of or against anonymity were given by 216 respondents. Of these, 72.2 per cent were in favour of anonymity, only 27.8 per cent favoured onymity. Among those who provided ambiguous answers, or who did not respond on the issue of anonymity vs. onymity, there were significantly more drug users. Where there was no family history of drug use, or where parents definitely disapproved of drug use, a high proportion of respondents were in favour of anonymity.

Anonyms and Pseudonyms↗