Biomedical subjects

S Diallo

Publications and source records attributed to S Diallo.

135 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Management in Senegal of the 1st efficacy and tolerability studies of ivermectin (MK 933) in human onchocerciasis].

In 1981, 32 adult Senegalese males infected with Onchocerca volvulus but without ocular involvement were treated by groups of 8 with single oral dosages of 5, 10, 30 or 50 micrograms/kg of ivermectin . As soon as the second day after treatment, we observed a marked decrease of the dermal microfilaremic charge after a posology of 30 micrograms/kg. However the decrease is most important in the group subjected to 50 micrograms/kg and 75% of them had no more microfilariae in the dermis 28 days following treatment.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Integration of the Expanded Program on Immunization into primary health care: examples of Benin and Guinea].

Since 1986, two West African countries have been delivering immunizations within the framework of reorganized peripheral health systems. This revitalization is based on strategies which are implemented by an increasing number of African countries under the name "Bamako Initiative". It aims at providing universal access to a minimum package of maternal and child health priority interventions starting with immunizations, pre and perinatal care, oral rehydration for diarrhoea, treatment of malaria and acute lower respiratory infections. Within this package, immunization has been given high priority. Several strategies aimed at improving immunization coverage have been implemented: services have been reorganized so that any child or woman making contact with the health system receives immunization if needed. Health information systems have been revised so as to allow for active individual follow up and better management of health centre resources. Health staff have been given training in management and a biannual monitoring/microplanning process at health centre level has been introduced. The goal of monitoring is to enable health personnel to identify the obstacles to attaining optimum coverages with the priority interventions and to select locally appropriate corrective strategies. Health centres have also been provided with a motorcycle allowing for regular outreach activities. To cover the running costs of the services (mainly restocking of drugs, running and maintenance of the cold chain and the motorbike, and staff incentives), financial contribution from local communities have been sought through a fee-for-treatment system. Prices have been set at an affordable level by limiting the number of drugs to a minimal list purchased under generic names by international tendering procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Benin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The Bamako initiative: hope or illusion? Observations on the Benin experience].

In various countries in Africa, community financing has become the main source of finance for health services. In Benin, the "Bamako Initiative" experiment started in 1988 for many health structures and has subsequently been greatly expanded. After three years experience, the authors try to answer some important questions about community financing: To what extent does payment of fees have an influence on the use of health services? How are the funds collected and used and is embezzlement a serious problem? The question of equity is also considered as well as cost recovery, allowing an economics-based assessment of the Bamako Initiative which suggests that it has a promising future in Benin.

Benin↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Malaria morbidity and therapeutic efficacy of antimalarials. Study conducted in the Dakar region].

During November and December 1992, the authors surveyed the malaria morbidity and the drugs efficiency in an urban area of Dakar region. Malaria represented 13.68% of the fevers in Dakar district and 12.4% in Pikine. The mean parasitic density was evaluated at 5000/mm3. Good efficiency of antimalarial drugs were noted but chloroquine-resistance is present with 24% of prevalence.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholera in Benin (epidemic of 1991)].

Authors report on epidemiologic, bacteriology and therapeutic data related to 1991 cholera outbreak in Benin in the general context of the 7th world pandemic. 7474 cases were notified from all over the country. Vibrio cholerae 01, El Tor biotype, was identified in many patients stools and in the surroundings. Control measures implemented in this situation are described: early parenteral and mainly oral rehydration, antibiotic treatments for patients and contacts, systematic home control around cases, wells disinfection and general hygiene promotion, mobilization of the Civil Service Authorities and population education. Authors conclude that strict epidemiologic monitoring is necessary in epidemic circumstances as well as during endemo-sporadic period.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Dakar (Senegal) in 1993: study of women in their reproductive years].

To establish the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in women during their reproductive years, we examined 720 women, of whom 404 were pregnant and 306 were not, all residing in and around Dakar. Of the serum tested by indirect immunofluorescence, 40.3% contained antibodies recognizing toxoplasmosis. The seroprevalence did not vary significantly with the age of the women, the number of previous pregnancies, the place of residence or the length of residence in Dakar. It was higher in the pregnant women (44.4%) than in the nonpregnant women (37.2%), but this difference is not statistically different. The titers of antibodies were generally weak, varying between 10 and 320 IU/ml of serum. Also, IgM specific antibodies were absent. These results indicate that the seroconversion had occurred previously, probably at a young age. We observed seroprevalences higher than those obtained by authors using comparable techniques twenty years ago. This indicates an increase of the transmission of toxoplasmosis in the population. Few women during their reproductive years had antibodies against toxoplasmosis. Thus, they are at risk of developing a primary infection during a pregnancy. This undergoes the necessity of promoting measures to prevent toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Drought and malaria decrease in the Niayes area of Senegal].

The Niayes is geographically characterized by an alternating succession of sand dunes and wet depressions, 20 km wide, which are behind the offshore bars from Saint-Louis to Dakar. Since 1970, the area has been affected by drought. The rainfall which was around 700 mm per year before 1960 has fallen below 500 mm during the last 30 years. In 1991 it was only 350 mm and in 1992, 260 mm. The vegetation has become impoverished in the depressions which are now more and more cultivated for vegetables. Entomological, parasitological and clinical studies on malaria were carried out in 1991 and 1992 in three villages and the results were compared with data gathered from 1967 to 1968 with comparable methods. The main points concerning the evolution of malaria are listed as follows. An. funestus, which was previously the predominant malaria vector, has almost disappeared. An. gambiae has regressed ahead of its sibling species An. arabiensis, a less competent vector. These changes in vector populations have led to lower malaria transmission and consequently a decrease of the endemicity. The children parasitic index, which was between 40 to 80% according to the localities in 1967, fell to 10% or less in 1991 and 1992. Finally, the incidence of clinical cases, calculated on a cohort of 100 children was only 4% in 1992, which is very low for an African endemic country. We conclude that drought and human activities have modified the environment such that malaria endemicity has seriously decreased. However, the risk of epidemic remains with the eventual occurrence of heavy rains. Therefore a surveillance of the area is needed to prevent a future epidemic.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Care charges and direct costs related to hospitalization of Senegalese children with cerebral malaria. Study of 76 cases in the Albert-Royer Hospital in Dakar in 1991-1992].

To optimize the funds devoted to health care, and to objectively assess the tools used in monitoring patients with cerebral malaria, we determined two parameters, care charges and direct costs due to hospitalization. During this longitudinal study conducted at the Albert Royer Pediatric Hospital in Dakar from October 15, 1991 to October 15, 1992 with 76 cases, malaria represented 5.2% of the febrile cases and 3.4% of the hospitalized cases. The lethality rate was 3.4%. Clinical features were not correlated with care charges and thus were not good indicators of worker's labor. The average cost of a cerebral malaria hospitalization was estimated at 35,710 F CFA (In October 1992, 1 F CFA = 0.02 FF). This cost is very high depending the limited resources of the region. Rapid and proper treatment of malaria cases may lead to a significant reduction of costs.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus syndromes in Senegal. A retrospective study of 30 patients seen over 10 years.

OBJECTIVE: To define the presenting manifestations, course and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in Senegal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus syndromes seen over a ten-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Nineteen patients met American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. All 30 patients were Senegalese-born black women. Mean age at diagnosis was 30 years (range, 16-73 years). RESULTS: Polyarthritis was the most common presenting picture (n = 8), followed by discoid lupus (n = 6). Eight per cent of patients had at least a combination of skin and joint symptoms at diagnosis. Prevalences of organ involvement were as follows: skin, 97%; joints, 97%; kidneys, 57%; serous membranes, 43%; nervous system, 23% and blood, 83%. Mean symptom duration at diagnosis was 24 months in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 43 months in lupus syndrome patients. This significant diagnostic delay explains why as many as five of the 30 patients (17%) died either before or within five months of treatment initiation. Eight patients (32% of treated patients) who had a favorable course under therapy were lost to follow-up after discharge. The overall mortality rate was 26%. Renal failure was the main cause of death, followed by infectious and neurologic complications. CONCLUSION: We anticipate that the reported prevalence of lupus in Senegal will rise in the near future as a result of improvements in diagnostic tools and of increased interest for lupus among physicians. We also hope that improved detection of mild and early forms, together with close long-term follow-up of patients, will translate into a better overall prognosis.

Adolescent↗