Biomedical subjects

S Diallo

Publications and source records attributed to S Diallo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Ground and first singlet excited dissociation constants of 4-methylumbelliferone: application for indirect spectrofluorimetry of nitriles and nitrosamines].

The light adsorption process provides important changes in the electronic configuration of molecules. For phenolic derivatives, light adsorption contributes to acidity in the excited state. In aqueous medium, excitation of the molecular form (ArOH) undergoes dissociation at the first singlet excited state and subsequent fluorescence emission occurs from the excited ionized form (ArO-*). The emission is higher than from the molecular form and exhibits a shift to the red. The combination of these two phenomena allowed simultaneous increase in selectivity and sensitivity. In addition this method allowed an easy quantification of 4-methylumbelliferone at the nanomolar level and consequently trace levels of nitrates and N-nitrosamines after diazotization and/or denitrozation.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2001

[Ultrasonographic aspects of urinary schistosomiasis in children of the Dogon plateau and the Niger office; impact of praziquantel treatment].

Urinary bilharziasis is a parasitic infection responsible for vesical, urethral and renal lesions. The authors demonstrate the importance of ambulatory echography on a large scale and describe various echographic lesions. Vesical attacks occurred in 27% of the wall irregularity, 44% of the masses and polyps. Pyelic and urethral abnormalities occurred in 16.6% and 29.9% of cases respectively at the baseline in 1991. These prevalence rates decreased after seven years, in 1998. The authors discuss the utility of chemotherapy with praziquantel and the necessity of a periodical mass treatment in the areas with high bilharziasis endemicity in Mali.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

[Antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida causing oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV infected patients].

Candidiasis are very usual infections of HIV infected patients. By medicine pressure, susceptibility to antifungal drugs decrease in some Candida strains. This study carded out in 1997 at hospital, aimed to identify the yeast species isolated from HIV infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis, test their susceptibility to antifungal drugs and a previous antifungal treatment impact. Thus, 60 patients yielded to questionnary were recruited. Isolated yeast colonies from buccal tract after culture on Sabouraud medium with chloramphenicol were identified with the API 20 C AUX (BioMérieux) system by assimilation of different sugars. Susceptibility was evaluated by ATB FUNGUS (BioMérieux) system. 55 from the 60 isolated yeasts were identified and among them C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the main species with 75% and 11,7% respectively rates. In HIV1 infected patients, all specieswere isolated and C. albicans predominated (80,4%) on the other hand, C. albicans and C. tropicalis were the only isolated yeasts from the HIV2 infected patients with 83,3% and 16,6% respectively rates. Susceptibility of C. albicans was 72,2% to nystatine, 58,3% to amphotericin B, 83,3% to flucytosin, 12,8% to miconazole, 8,5% to econazole and 10,6% to ketoconazole. Susceptibility of C. albicans to polyenes was modified by a previous antifungal treatment. This study indicated emergence of saprophytic yeasts of the buccal mucosa and seemed to be more fostered by HIV1 serotype than HIV2. So, C. albicans's susceptibility to polyenes decreased by untimely use of antifungal drugs and by controlling it one could improve the clinic conditions of HIV infected patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

A comparison of thick smears, QBC malaria, PCR and PATH falciparum malaria test trip in Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis.

Blood samples from 182 patients presenting at the out-patient clinic in Richard-Toll. Senegal were analysed by Thick smear microscopy, the QBC, PCR and the new dipstick PATH Malaria assay which detects the histidine rich protein II antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Thick smear microscopy was used as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative values were 100%, 83.6%, 93.4% and 100% QBC respectively; 100%, 72.7%, 89.4% and 100% for PCR; 96%, 92.7%, 96.8% and 91% for the PATH assay. PATH assay failed to detect one positive sample with Plasmodium malariae. Assays were also compared with regard to the expense of equipment and reagents and speed and ease of use. The rapid PATH assay can be performed with minimal training and may be specially useful in areas where P. falciparum is the predominant malaria species, in epidemic malaria regions, and where skilled microscopy is not readily available.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMed1999

[Aspects of genital tuberculosis in women].

Thirteen cases of genital tuberculosis are reported to make emphasis onto the difficulties of diagnosis, management and prognosis of the disease. The average age of the patients is 31 years. Most of them were under 30. The circumstances of diagnosis were variable. The diagnosis was essentially made thanks to histology. The evolution was favorable under antibiotics. But clinical sequels as amenorrhea and infertility are frequent.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Heterogeneity of chloroquine resistant malaria in Senegal].

In order to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of chloroquine in the treatment of P. falciparum malaria, studies have been carried out in Richard-Toll, Fatick and Tambacounda, 3 areas where dynamics of transmission, population movements, as well as prophylactic and curative practises are different. Failure rates in treatment were 13% in site 1 (Richard-Toll) where medical pressure and population movements are high. In sites 2 and 3 (Fatick and Tambacounda), the failure rate was 3%. Even if medical pressure is lower in the latter site (Tambacounda), the higher transmission could be a factor in the spreading of resistance. A surveillance system and better use of chloroquine must be undertaken.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Management of severe malaria in children in developing countries. A protocol for economic evaluation].

This prospective one-year study was conducted as a preliminary phase to setting up a protocol for economic appraisal of management of severe malaria at Albert Royer Children's Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Data was routinely collected using a standardized checklist. The four key indicators chosen for this study were nurse workload, adequacy of care (number of patients receiving adequate care), direct cost, and mortality rate. The mean daily care workload was estimated to be 27.2 minutes. This indicator assesses the relationship between supply and demand. Based on 5 criteria, care was considered as adequate in 54.5 p. 100 of patients. This indicator is helpful in judging the effectiveness of the therapeutic modalities used. The direct cost of treating severe malaria was estimated to be 45963 CFA francs. This indicator will be useful in establishing controls to reduce costs. The mortality rate was 12.2 p. 100. Comparison of this rate with previous years suggests little improvement in the outcome of malaria management at the institution. This indicator must be taken into account in the ongoing quality control program. Overall these findings should enable institutional decision-making to improve management of severe malaria based on objective measurable data.

Child↗

PubMed1999

[Pneumocystosis in HIV infected patients presenting with acid-fast bacilli negative pneumopathy at the Central University Hospital at Dakar].

Pneumocystosis is an opportunist parasitic disease which occurs currently at Europe and United States in HIV infected patients. In Africa, the disease is not current. Pneumocystosis has been detected in the Fann medical universitary center at Dakar from HIV infected patients with acido alcoholo resistant bacilli negative pneumopathy. Analysis of broncho alveolar liquid(BAL) of 29 patients after Giemsa and Blue of Toluidin O staining allowed isolating of two cases of pneumocystosis. A man and a woman were the patients. They were HIV1 positive with at X ray bilateral interstitial syndrome. The CD4 lymphocytes count of the one was lower than 200/mm3 and for the other it was higher than 200/mm3.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1998

Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria using ParaSight F, ICT malaria PF and malaria IgG CELISA assays.

A battery of sixty-six blood samples from Senegal was analysed by the ParaSight F test, the ICT Malaria PF and the Malaria IgG CELISA. These three assays detect the histidine rich protein 2 antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Thick smear microscopy was used as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive and negative values were respectively 89%, 100%, 100%, 88% for the ICT; 86%, 93%, 94%, 85% for the paraSight and 88%, 87%, 88%, 87% for the Malaria IgG CELISA. The three assays failed to detect two positive samples with P. ovale and P. malariae. Assays were also compared with regard to the expense of equipment and reagents and speed and ease of use. The rapid ICT and ParaSight F test can be performed with minimal training and may be specially useful in areas where P. falciparum is the predominant malaria species, in epidemic malaria regions, and where skilled microscopy is not readily available.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Malaria lethality in Dakar pediatric environment: study of risk factors].

To determine risk factors for fatal malaria in Senegalese children, a 3-year case-control study was carried out between October 1992 and November 1995 at the Albert Royer Hospital in Dakar. The case group included 52 children who died from documented malaria in the hospital. The matched control group consisted of children who responded favorably to hospital treatment. Exposure to risk was measured with regard to age, nutritional status, educational level of parents, self-medication prior to hospitalization, socioeconomic level, degree of fever, and blood parasite levels. Cases and controls were compared using statistical tests for matched groups. Age lower than 5 years, poor educational level of parents, delay of treatment more than 24 hours, nutritional status, and blood parasite levels greater than 5% were associated with a significantly higher risk of fatal outcome. Conversely, low socio-economic level, recent self-medication, and fever over 41 degrees C were not associated with higher fatality. These findings emphasize the need for more information campaigns to encourage people to seek institutionalized care when fever appears. Our results also suggest that prophylactic treatment may be advisable in children under 5 years of age and in some high risk groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Evaluation of parasitic risks related to the revitalization of the Ferlo fossil valley (Senegal)].

In order to assess the parasitic risks related to Ferlo's valley water launching, a study has been carried out from september 15 to october 10, 1996 in 12 villages. Four villages surrounding the Guiers lake, four lower within lower Ferlo already water launched 7 years ago, and four villages within upper Ferlo not water launched. Malaria strikes at hypoendemic level in the villages surrounding the Guiers lake (p.i = 6.2%) and at mesoendemic level in the area stretching along lower (P.I = 37.6%) and upper Ferlo (P.I = 34.3%) The prevalence rate of urinary bilharziosis is 0.002% in the first area, 1.3% in the second one and 14.5% in the third area. In these areas, intestinal parasitosis were prevailing respectively at rates of 38.2%, 36.4% and 22.2%. Although, there is no reason to fear immediately a worsening of the epidemiological situation due to Ferlo's valley revitalisation project, nevertheless, appropriate steps should be taken right now aiming at tacking the extension of conditions related to hydric medium.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Intestinal parasites in the vendors and consumers of street food. A study conducted in the Dakar area].

In order to assess the parasitic risk for street-food consumers, the authors conducted two studies from September to August 1996, one on street-food sellers (305) and the other on consumers (235). Among the consumers, 127 were considered as not exposed to risk, since they did not frequent the sector being surveyed, and 108 were exposed because they consumed at least one meal per day cooked by the sellers of this area. Both groups filled out a questionnaire and had their stools analysed according to the RITCHIE method. The infection rate was 60% among sellers and 45.5% among consumers. Protozoans were predominant in both groups. Among the consumers, those exposed were significantly more infected. Even though the sellers represent a parasitic risk due to their level of infection and the typology of parasites they shelter, one cannot assume that consumers are contaminated only by the sellers of street food. However, appropriate measures must be implemented in order to minimize risks for street-food consumers.

Feces↗

PubMed1998

[Malaria in the southern sanitary district of Dakar (Senegal). 1. Parasitemia and malarial attacks].

A survey of endemic malaria in Dakar was carried out in the southern sanitary district covering the city centre and neighbouring areas. The survey was scheduled from June 1994 to May 1995 in 12 sites distant from each other by 1000 to 1500 meters. Clinical and parasitological data were collected during weekly medical follow-ups at the patients' home with the systematic research of Plasmodium once a month. The study included 2,337 persons aged between 1 month and 88 years and belonging to 284 volunteer resident families. Through monthly parasitological examinations, a parasite rate (P.R.) of 0.3% and a gametocyte rate (G.R.) of 0.005% were recorded. Only Plasmodium falciparum was observed. The P.R. varied according to age: from 0.1% in the children under 2 years to 0.7% in the young adults (15-20 years) who appeared significantly more affected than the other age groups, including that of children from 2 to 9 years, of whom only 0.3% were infected by the parasite. The P.R. varied also according to the site surveyed: from 0% in the city centre to 1.3% at the periphery of the sanitary district and according to the time of year, reaching its height of 0.8%, between October and December, that is just after the rainy season. At the end of the year of survey, 929 among those surveyed were considered to have been satisfactorily followed. Their annual incidence rate was 2.4% for the parasitemia and of 1.5% for the malaria attacks. None of the participants aged under 2 years had the parasite. Among the others, the annual incidence rate varied according to the age--although not significantly--passing from 1.1% to 5.3% for parasitemia and from 0.4% to 3.0% for malaria attacks. Theses rates did not differ significantly according to site; the cases registered varied between 1% and 8% for parasitemia and 1% and 5.8% for malaria attacks. Only 10.6% of febrile subjects suffered from malaria attacks, but this rate seemed to go up between October to December, rising to 26.6% which corresponds to 1 case of malaria attacks for 4 cases of hyperthermia in that period. Weak density of Anopheline population and satisfactory medical surveillance explain the recorded results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Toxoplasmosis in Dakar. Seroepidemiologic sampling of 353 women of reproductive age].

Thanks to a serological survey carried out in Dakar from January to November 1993 among 353 procreative women, immune cover regarding toxoplasmosis was assessed using ELISA methodology: 40.2% of the surveyed population had antibodies of toxoplasmosis. No evidence of age, pregnancy, number of previous pregnancies was noted in antitoxoplasmosis antibodies prevalence. The seroconversion risk seems to be low even when it has existed during pregnancy. Contamination occurred during childhood. Some sanitary education should be provided to the procreative population in order to achieve a better compliance with basic hygiene regulations during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Malaria in the southern sanitary district of Dakar (Senegal). 2. Entomologic data].

To complete a parasitological survey, entomological prospections were carried out in the southern sanitary District of Dakar, the most urbanized of the city and which includes the city centre and the oldest administrative districts. The prospections took place between June 1994 and May 1995 in sites 1.5 km apart, and distributed in such a manner that they covered the entire area. On a monthly basis, female Culicidae were collected in each site at night on human volunteers, followed the next day by the collection of early morning residual fauna in 10 bedrooms located in district concessions. For a total of 308 collections at night on human volunteers and from 1,510 rooms for the residual fauna, 22,901 female Culicidae were caught of which 167 anopheles, corresponding to 0.7%, the remaining 98.5% being Culex quinquefasciatus. This was the species that thus explained the mosquito-nuisance of which the inhabitants of the southern District complained during the period of survey. The female anopheles collected belonged to 2 species, An. arabiensis for 97.6% of those caught and An. pharoensis for 2.4%. An. arabiensis were very slightly represented in the southern District with a density of aggressive females of 0.26 bite/man/night (B/M/N) and a density per room of 0.05 female. The aggressive populations appeared to be relatively important only at the end of the rainy season (September-October) with an average of 0.65 B/M/N in sites located at the periphery of the district with a maximum of 1.33 B/M/N. The highest density of endophilic females registered at the end of the rainy season was 0.1 and its highest value in a given site was 0.36 female/room. The parturity rate of aggressive females was 43.5% and those collected in houses of 84% with an anthropophilic index of 0.98. None of the dissected An. arabiensis females (77.3% of those collected) was a carrier of Plasmodium sporozoites and the circum-sporozoite antigen was not found. A very weak density of An. arabiensis and absence of plasmodial infection among dissected females favoured the absence of malarial transmission in the southern District for the period considered. However malaria transmission could not be absolutely ruled out given the presence of hematozoa carriers, as was revealed by the longitudinal follow-up of a cohort carried out concurrently with the entomological prospections of whom some were residents having declared permanent residence in the city for over two years. This entomological data explain the results of the afore mentioned parasitological survey which, with a registered plasmodic index of 0.3%, means that the southern District can be considered as non endemic. The area is however exposed to the risk of epidemic malaria following an important proliferation of anopheles, which is always possible after heavy rains and flooding and/or an important immigration of persons coming from regions of high malarial endemicity.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Evaluation of parasitic risks for the population bordering on the Mbeubeuss public waste disposal, Dakar].

The authors carried out a parasitologic survey on 367 inhabitants of Malika, a village located in the immediate surroundings of M'Beubeuss disposal, as well as on 433 other residents of Keur Massar, a location 2 km farther, in order to assess parasitic hazards encountered by people neighbouring this disposal. As far as intestinal parasitosis are concerned, the prevalence rate was significantly higher in Malika (61.3%) than in Keur Massar (48.5%) The sex, social and economic status, level of education as well as the time of dwelling in the neighbouring area were identified as the risk factors of intestinal parasitism. Only the last one can be considered as significantly and independently related to a risk of intestinal parasitism. As for malaria, the plasmodial index in Malika was 6% versus 7.6% in Keur Massar (no significant difference). Thus, if it does exist for neighbouring people, an infestation risk by intestinal parasites related to exposure duration, contrarily, it does not exist for malaria. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent the hazards encountered by inhabitants of surrounding villages.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Endemic parasitoses in the villages surrounding the Saloum fossil valley, Senegal].

In order to determine the prevalence rates of malaria, urinary schistosomiasis and intestinal parasitosis in Saloum's valley, the authors carried out a study which took place from november 16 to november 24, 1996. For malaria, the global parasites index was 22% (146/662). Malaria prevails at a hypoendemic level in N'Diobène and N'Guent-paté villages and at a medium-endemic level in Ribo-Escale and N'Dodj. The infestation index for urinary schistosomiasis was 8.9% (137/154) About intestinal parasite, among 868 persons screened, 124 showed one or several parasites, that is an infestation index of 14.3%. Appropriate steps should be taken to prevent an extension of these conditions along the fossil Saloum's valley.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Evolutive aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus in Dakar. Apropos of 30 cases].

To determine the characteristics of evolution of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the authors studied 30 cases retrospectively. All were black women aged from 16 to 73 years (with a mean of 30 years) at the time of diagnosis. Dermatological manifestations consisting in discoid lupus or alopecia inaugurated the disease in 12 cases, joint symptoms in 10 cases. Polyarthritis was the most common inaugural manifestation, followed by discoid lupus. Corticosteroids therapy alone or associated to chloroquine or immunosuppressor led to good results; 88% of patients who received treatment had good outcomes in the first 5 months after diagnosis. After this time lapse, 6 cases of complications related to the corticosteroids therapy occurred. After one year, 5 patients presented one or more flare-ups and had to be re-hospitalized; 8 others were lost to the follow-up. The overall mortality rate was 27% (8 cases out of 30). Causes of death were first renal failure (3/8) followed by infectious complications (2/8). The management of SLE could be improved by a close follow-up and providing the patients and their family with adequate information.

Adolescent↗