Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Dean

Publications and source records attributed to S Dean.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Is the incidence of deep vein thrombosis following myocardial infarction decreasing?

A trial was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of the antiplatelet drug, flurbiprofen, and subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis following acute myocardial infarction. The original aim of the study could not be fulfilled as the incidence of isotopically-determined venous thrombosis in the group of control patients was only 9.5%. The incidence in all three groups was too low to assess the effectiveness of flurbiprofen prophylaxis. It is suggested that the low incidence may be related to the recent practice of early physiotherapy and ambulation in coronary care units. The patients who developed venous thrombosis were, on average, a little older than those who did not. No differences were observed in blood viscosity, plasma antithrombin III concentration or mean coronary prognostic index. The low incidence of venous thrombosis following acute myocardial infarction suggests a need to reassess the practice of prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in this condition.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1979

Circadian rhythm in the elderly: a study using a cortisol-specific radio-immuno-assay.

Plasma cortisol levels and diurnal variation have been examined in 30 elderly patients and compared with a control group of 29 middle-aged healthy subjects. The elderly patients had normal plasma cortisol levels which exhibited the diurnal variation seen in the younger age group. In spite of microscopic degenerative changes in the adrenals with age their secretory function and response to hypothalamic pituitary stimulation appear to remain normal.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A pharmacological and in vitro comparison of three oral cephalosporins.

The pharmacology of cephradine, cephalexin and a new oral cephalosporin, cefaclor, has been compared in six volunteers. Cefaclor was absorbed rapidly and was cleared from the serum more rapidly than the other two agents. This was probably partially due to its instability in serum at body temperature, which was investigated. Against a wide range of common pathogens cefaclor was the more active oral cephalosporin. In particular the activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae was of interest.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Probenecid: an unexplained effect on cephalosporin pharmacology.

1 The influence of probenecid on serum levels and urinary excretion of orally administered cephradine and cefaclor has been investigated. 2 Probenecid caused serum levels of both antibiotics to be increased and also prolonged. Urinary excretion of antibiotic activity was slightly but not significantly decreased by probenecid during the initial 6 h postdosing. It was significantly increased in 6-12 h urine, but only a small percentage of the doses were excreted during that period. 3 The increased serum levels of antibiotic were greater than could be accounted for by reduced elimination rate alone. Possible mechanisms to account for increased circulating levels of antibiotic in the presence of probenecid are discussed in the light of previous observations on probenecid induced changes in tissue distribution of beta-lactam antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The pharmacokinetics of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor, cephradine and cephalexin.

The pharmacokinetics of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor, cephradine, and cephalexin were examined following single 500 mg oral doses to fasted, healthy volunteers. Absorption of the three compounds was rapid following a brief lag period and peak serum levels were obtained in 1-1.5 hours. Serum levels of cefaclor tended to be lower than those of cephradine and cephalexin during the 2-5 hour postdosing period and cefaclor was eliminated more rapidly than other cephalosporins from serum. No difference was observed in the overall bioavailability of the three antibiotics based on comparable FD/V values. Urine levels of the three cephalosporins greatly exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations of susceptible organisms during 0-6 hours postdosing, but were considerably reduced during the 6-12 hour collection period. Total urinary recovery of antibiotic activity accounted for almost 90 percent of dosed cephradine and cephalexin compared to 55 percent of dosed cefaclor. Lower serum levels and reduced urinary recovery of intact cefaclor are probably due primarily to its chemical instability. The reduced levels of cefaclor may be compensated for therapeutically by its greater in vitro antibacterial activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The influence of anaesthetics on the haematology of the patas monkey, Erythrocebus patas.

The effects of phencyclidine, ketamine and an alphaxalone-alphadolone mixture on the haematology of the patas monkeys have been compared. In animals sedated with phencyclidine or ketamine the only significant difference detected was in the mean cell volume. Statistically significant differences in white-cell count and blood coagulation and fibrinolytic activity were found in monkeys which had received alphaxalone-alphadolone. It is suggested that ketamine is a suitable alternative to phencyclidine for haematological studies in these monkeys.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1976

Plasma heparin concentrations during subcutaneous heparin therapy.

Plasma heparin concentrations were measured at two-hourly intervals following the subcutaneous injection of varying the doses of heparin. With doses of 5000 and 10,000 units, peak plasma concentrations were seen most commonly four hours after the injection. There was a wide range of peak values at both dose levels with considerable overlap and no correlation could be shown between plasma heparin concentration and the age, sex or weight of the individual. Traces only of heparin could be detected in the blood after a 1000 unit injection. Comparable results were obtained up to six hours after the injection with either the calcium or sodium salts of heparin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lamellated osmiophilic bodies in mouse gallbladder epithelium.

Mouse gallbladder epithelium was studied in the electron microscope after glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide fixation and Epon embedding. Special attention was paid to dense cytoplasmic bodies. Heterogeneous dense bodies with osmiophilic and loose granular components were identified. Many of these bodies consisted of lamellated osmiophilic structures, similar to the phospholipid bodies of the large alveolar (type II) cells of the mammalian lung. The dense bodies containing the lamellar structures were membrane-limited and 0.5-1.0 mum in diameter. They were located in the supranuclear cytoplasma and were often closely associated with the Golgi apparatus. Acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated within these bodies and in some of the Golgi vacuoles. The contents were disposed in concentric lamellar osmiophilic structures, sometimes appearing as scroll-like configurations. These morphological findings were interpreted as indication of these presence of phosphlipid absorbed from the gallbladder lumen and stored in phagosomes in the central cytoplasm of the gallbladder epithelial cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of hydralazine on the pharmacokinetics of three different beta adrenoceptor antagonists: metoprolol, nadolol, and acebutolol.

The effect of hydralazine on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, nadolol, and acebutolol has been studied by measuring drug concentrations in plasma, serum, and urine. Metoprolol is affected by hydralazine, the AUC and Cmax being significantly increased. The kinetics of acebutolol and its major metabolite, diacetolol, are unaffected. Poor absorption of the polar beta blocker, nadolol, does not allow a firm conclusion to be drawn regarding the effect of hydralazine. It is concluded that only beta blockers with a substantial first-pass loss are likely to be significantly affected by hydralazine.

Acebutolol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteomyelitis related to pressure ulcers: the cost of neglect.

Twelve patients with documented chronic osteomyelitis of the pelvis resulting from truncal pressure ulcers were examined retrospectively to identify the cost of treatment for this significant health care problem. The retrospective review of each case spanned an 18-month period--6 months prior to the initial positive bone biopsy to 1 year following bone biopsy. The financial charges associated with treatment of osteomyelitis were identified using the University of Michigan Health System's databases for hospital charges, professional charges, and pharmacy charges. Prior treatment of these patients included surgical debridement of the pressure ulcer, pelvic bone biopsy, and culture-specific antibiotic therapy. The total charges for this group of 12 patients was $715,204, or an average charge of $59,600 per patient. Each patient was hospitalized, with hospitalization charges of $587,212, or an average of $48,934 per patient. Pharmacy charges for culture-specific antibiotics totaled $85,217 for the 12 patients. Six of 8 flap repairs achieved successful surgical closure of the pressure ulcer (75%) postantibiotic therapy. Surgery charges are not included in the totals.

Adult↗