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Biomedical subjects

S Davis

Publications and source records attributed to S Davis.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Disabled people in hospital: evaluating the CNS role.

AIM: To evaluate a newly established clinical nurse specialist (CNS) post for disabled people in a large acute hospital. METHOD: An action research approach was used to collect the data. Information was obtained by speaking to people with disabilities, hospital and community staff and voluntary organisations. A questionnaire was devised and sent to 38 clients. Of these, 24 were returned. Other sources of information included case scenarios from the wards, admissions data, nurses' views, diary reflections and feedback from carers. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the CNS role improved the support and information clients received before hospital admission. Clients felt less anxious about going into hospital. Staff's awareness of disability increased and the training and education needs of staff were also identified. CONCLUSION: The action research cycle enabled the CNS to identify problem areas in a structured way and to implement change through critical self-reflection. Some disabled people are not having their needs met in hospital. The main reason for this was a lack of awareness among staff about disability. However, the implementation of the CNS role improved the care of people with disability and increased staff awareness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-administration of medicines.

In the fourth of this six-part series on nurse prescribing, Susan Davis assesses the advantages and disadvantages of patient self-administration of medicines in hospital. The former, she asserts, considerably outweigh the latter; a controlled self-administration programme can hasten a patient's progress towards full independence and ease the often difficult transition period following discharge. The problems experienced by specific groups of patients such as those with visual or manual dexterity deficits are considered and guidelines for practice offered.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cannabis: its therapeutic use.

This article provides an overview of the issues surrounding the use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes. Examples of some of the ethical issues related to professional practice are discussed. The authors do not advocate legalising cannabis for all, but the therapeutic advantages and disadvantages of using cannabis are highlighted.

Cannabis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increase in syntaxin 1B mRNA in hippocampal and cortical circuits during spatial learning reflects a mechanism of trans-synaptic plasticity involved in establishing a memory trace.

It has long been proposed that the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for LTP may well involve the mechanisms that lead to the type of synaptic modification that occurs during learning. However, it is also known that a single memory trace is encoded in spatially distributed networks; implying that alterations of synaptic strength occur at multiple sites along circuits of connected cells. Recent evidence suggests that regulation of the gene encoding syntaxin 1B, a presynaptic protein involved in exocytosis, plays an important role in the mediation of trans-synaptic LTP, a candidate mechanism for the propagation of plasticity in neural circuits during learning. Using in situ hybridization to measure the mRNA levels at different time points after learning a spatial working or reference memory task, we show that expression of the gene encoding this protein in the hippocampal and corticoprefrontal circuits increases linearly with performance at a critical window of learning when rats are reaching between 75% and 100% of their maximal performance. No changes were observed during the early phases of learning or when rats where overtrained. The correlational analysis indicates that coordinated increases in syntaxin 1B expression occurs in hippocampal circuits during working memory and in more widespread hippocampocortical circuits during reference memory. These results suggest that a form of trans-synaptic plasticity mediated in part by regulation of the expression of syntaxin 1B may play an active role in configuring specific spatially distributed circuits during the laying down of memories.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy evaluation of lasalocid plus roxarsone combination medication with different geographic field strains of Eimeria acervulina.

Performance of broiler chickens medicated with lasalocid alone (at 125 ppm) or in combination with roxarsone (at 50 ppm) was evaluated in battery and floorpen trials after challenge with geographically different field strains of coccidia containing predominately the upper intestinal species Eimeria acervulina. No significant difference in bird performance measured at 6 days postinfection (PI) was observed between lasalocid plus roxarsone-medicated (L+RM) or lasalocid-medicated (LM) birds challenged in separate battery trials with mixed-species inocula from Alabama or Georgia containing 92% or 88% E. acervulina, respectively. In contrast, L+RM birds challenged in another battery trial with a Louisiana mixed-species inoculum containing 92% E. acervulina showed significant reduction in average weight gain at 6 days PI compared with LM-challenged birds. A floorpen trial done with the same Louisiana inoculum showed significant reduction in average bird weight gain at 27 and 35 days of age (6 and 14 days PI) for L+RM-challenged birds compared with both unmedicated-nonchallenged (UMNC) control and LM-challenged birds. The LM+R groups were significantly lower in average bird weight at 27 days of age than the unmedicated-challenged controls. Feed conversions (FCs) for L+RM birds were significantly higher than those for the UMNC control birds during time of challenge (21-27 days of age) and for the 1-to-27-day-of-age time period. No significant difference in FC was seen between the UMNC and LM groups. Results of this study showed that performance of broiler birds medicated with lasalocid plus roxarsone could vary for geographically different mixed-species challenge inocula that contained predominately E. acervulina.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple screening test for color matching in dentistry.

This study compared a simple and readily available shade guide color-matching test with the general industry standard test for color discrimination. This study indicates that a simple screening test for color defective vision and color discrimination skills in dentistry can be performed by matching two Vita-Lumin shade guides. Those dental office personnel who score a low number of matches in the Vita test (that is, seven or fewer correct matches) should have additional color discrimination testing and refer shade matching to other personnel with higher scores.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm in an adult.

A rare case of idiopathic massive apical ventricular aneurysm in a young man is reviewed. Secondary infection was present in the aneurysm. No features of left ventricular failure were observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen therapy--2.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen therapy--1.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes in human leukemia.

alpha-L-Fucosidase and beta-hexosaminidase isoenzyme expressions were studied in normal lymphocytes and granulocytes and their leukemic counterparts. The isoenzyme patterns were obtained by chromatofocusing on PBE 94 microcolumn coupled with automated enzyme assay. In normal and leukemic lymphoid cells, two major alpha-L-Fucosidase isoenzyme components were isolated. PMN, CML, AML and AMMoL revealed an isoenzyme pattern totally different from that seen in lymphoid cells. The two major beta-hexosaminidase forms (A and B) were isolated in normal lymphocytes and granulocytes. In all leukemias tested an high amount of an intermediate form, I, was found. The alpha-L-Fucosidase and beta-hexosaminidase isoenzyme profile may facilitate differentiation between normal and leukemic cells and between different acute leukemias.

Hexosaminidases↗