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Biomedical subjects

S Dave

Publications and source records attributed to S Dave.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Antitumor activity of Corynebacterium parvum and retinyl palmitate used in combination on the Lewis lung carcinoma.

The effects of Corynebacterium parvum and retinyl palmitate given at various levels, schedules, and routes of administration on primary Lewis lung carcinoma and its metastases have been evaluated in C57BL/6J mice given s.c. inoculations of 5 X 10(5) tumor cells. Single i.v., but not i.p., s.c., or i.m., administration of C. parvum (0.35 mg/mouse given on Days 0, 1, or 3) reduced growth of tumor and prolonged survival time. Retinyl palmitate (3000 IU/mouse/day) given alone i.p. either before, after, or both before and after tumor inoculation showed no effect on tumor growth, survival of mice, or lung metastases. The combination of retinyl palmitate i.p. (6 daily injections of 1500 IU/mouse after tumor implantation) and C. parvum (0.175 mg/mouse) given i.v. resulted in an increase in life span over control of 146% and appeared to be therapeutically synergistic. This combination produced 90-day cures in about 20% of the treated animals, all of which were found to be tumor free. Two nonparametric statistical procedures, the Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn test, were used to assess the effects of treatments on survival time and tumor growth and may be generally applicable to animal tumor studies. They provide multiple comparisons of different treatments and allow the inclusion of long-term survivors into the analysis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula: a review.

The improved survival of neonates with esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula reflects the advancement in neonatal care and anaesthesia over the years. Chick embryo studies have given new insights in the embryopathy of esophageal atresia. It is now apparent that the various types of esophageal atresia could be explained due to selective discrepancy in the growth of the 3 folds in the region of tracheo-esophageal separation. The early disturbances in organogenesis which result in esophageal atresia also lead to other associated anomalies, the incidence of which varies from 40 to 55%. These anomalies have an important bearing on the survival outcome. The physiological aspects of esophageal atresia such as esophageal dysmotility and gastro-esophageal reflux are also vital in the long term and proper treatment of the associated defects. The criteria for an ideal esophageal substitute in long gap esophageal atresia have been determined and several options are now available with good results, such as: gastric transposition, colon, gastric tube and small intestine. IN developing countries, however, a high mortality is still attributed to late referrals, low birth weight, hypothermia and chest infection.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sprengels deformity: anaesthesia management.

A 28 years old lady presented with Sprengels deformity and hemivertebrae for Fothergills surgery. Clinically there were no anomalies of the nervous, renal or the cardiovascular systems. She had a short neck and score on modified Mallapati test was grade 2. She was successfully anaesthetised using injection Propofol as a total intravenous anaesthetic agent after adequate premedication with injection Midazolam and injection Pentazocine. Patient had an uneventful intraoperative and postoperative course.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of hydrocephalus.

The present study is an analysis of 747 patients with hydrocephalus, treated and followed up in the Hydrocephalus Clinic run by the department of Paediatric Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The distribution of patients was: congenital-46%, post-meningomyelocoele excision-28%, post-meningitic-21% and others-5% (including post haemorrhagic and post encephalocoele excision hydrocephalus. The average age was 7 months in the shunted group and 10 months in the medical group with overall male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The data were analysed to study the effect of treatment on ventriculomegaly and mental development with special reference to the type of treatment (shunt versus medical) and age at starting treatment. The probability of shunt failure was also studied. A comparison of ventricular size in US/CAT scans between the time of starting treatment and last follow-up revealed improvement in ventriculomegaly in 60% of the shunted patients but only 30% of the medically treated patients. A significant difference was particularly noted in patients with severe hydrocephalus, 72% and 22%, respectively. Comparison of the mean Mental Performance Quotient (MPQ) scores in the shunted & medically treated patients also revealed significantly better MPQ scores in the shunted group (p = < 0.001). Probability of shunt survival, as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, revealed that there is a high rate of shunt failure in the first 12 months, followed by a dramatic slowing down. Our observations support the contention that CSF shunt surgery offers better outcome than medical management even when ventriculomegaly is severe at the time of presentation.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatocyte isolation and transplantation in syngenic rats.

Refinement of techniques to isolate viable hepatocytes began in the late 1960's. It was established that perfusion of the intact liver as opposed to incubation of liver slices or chopped tissue increased the yield of cells. The present study aims to establish a simple, two-step, collagenase digestion method for hepatocyte isolation. A single inbred Fisher rat was used for hepatocyte isolation. The liver was perfused in-situ with perfusion buffer containing ethylene glycol bis N, N1, tetra acetic acid (EGTA), followed by the collagenase buffer. The liver was excised and gently minced. The tissue was resuspended in the collagenase buffer to complete dissociation. The cell suspension obtained was washed, centrifuged and filtered to complete the isolation procedure. The trypan blue exclusion test showed 80-85% cell viability. The isolated cells were transplanted into the splenic parenchyma of syngenic rats. Survival of the transplanted hepatocytes was confirmed by histological examination at the end of 90 days. This two step technique of in-situ liver perfusion gives a high yield of viable hepatocytes which show long term survival after transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of transplanted hepatocytes using HIDA scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte transplantation has generated interest because of potential clinical application in enzyme deficiency disorders and acute hepatic failure. Ex-vivo HIDA scintigraphy has been used to assess graft survival after hepatocyte transplantation. The present study evaluates in-vivo99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy to assess graft function after hepatocyte transplantation. METHODS: Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a modified collagenase digestion technique and injected intrasplenically into 6 syngenic rats; 4 control rats received intrasplenic saline injections. In-vivo HIDA scintigraphy and histological evaluation were done 90 days after transplantation. RESULTS: Five of the six rats in the study group showed prompt and progressive accumulation of HIDA in the spleen. Histological examination showed presence of hepatocytes in the splenic red pulp. None of the control group animals had splenic uptake of HIDA. CONCLUSION: HIDA scintigraphy may be a useful modality for assessment of graft function after intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Localized lepromatous leprosy presenting as a painful nodule in a muscle.

Lepromatous leprosy is a generalized disease usually presenting with numerous macules, papules, nodules or plaques involving wide areas of the skin. It is generally believed that in India lepromatous leprosy often originates from the borderline spectrum (Jha et al, 1991). Localized lepromatous or borderline lepromatous disease is a rare variant of multibacillary leprosy (Yoder et al, 1985; Jha et al, 1991; Pfaltzgraff & Ramu, 1994; Vijaikumar et al, 2001). This variant usually presents as a single nodule or a localized area of nodules and papules, while most of the body surface appears normal (Pfaltzgraff & Ramu, 1994; Vijaikumar et al, 2001). Its occurrence in our case as a single painful nodule in the bicep muscle of left forearm was indeed intriguing, such presentation being rarely reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗