Collagen in the autoclave-soluble proteins of scleractinian corals (Cnidaria).
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Amino Acids↗
Biomedical subjects
S D Young
Publications and source records attributed to S D Young.
Dynamic heterogeneity: isolation of murine tumor cell populations enriched for metastatic variants and quantification of the unstable expression of the phenotype.
Recent studies have indicated that KHT fibrosarcoma or B16 melanoma cell variants capable of forming experimental metastases in the lungs of mice after i.v. injection are created stochastically at high rates (approximately 10(-5)/cell/generation). Expression of this phenotype is unstable and hence expanding populations of tumor cells establish a dynamic equilibrium between a small subpopulation of metastatic variants and a large compartment of nonmetastatic cells. In the present experiments, cell suspensions were prepared from the lungs of mice bearing 'experimental' metastases and the tumor cells contained in them were tested for their metastatic efficiency (ME) using the lung colony assay. The ME of the recovered tumor cell populations was found to be a function of the time of metastatic growth in the animal. Tumor cells isolated soon after the initial i.v. injection, i.e. derived from micrometastases, are highly metastatic while populations recovered from macroscopic nodules are similar to parental lines in their ability to colonize the lung. These results are consistent with the prediction of the above 'dynamic heterogeneity' model that nascent lung metastases should be composed largely of tumor cells expressing the variant metastatic phenotype, but that the proportion of such variants should decline during growth to the equilibrium (parental population) level. Mathematical analysis of the results indicates that the effective rate of reversion of the variant phenotype is approximately 10(-1)/cell/generation.
Animals↗
Tread lightly through these accounting minefields.
In the current economic climate, there is tremendous pressure--and personal incentive for managers--to report sales growth and meet investors' revenue expectations. As a result, more companies have been issuing misleading financial reports, according to the SEC, especially involving game playing around earnings. But it's shareholders who suffer from aggressive accounting strategies; they don't get a true sense of the financial health of the company, and when problems come to light, the shares they're holding can plummet in value. How can investors and their representatives on corporate boards spot trouble before it blows up in their faces? According to the authors, they should keep their eyes peeled for common abuses in six areas: revenue measurement and recognition, provisions and reserves for uncertain future costs, asset valuation, derivatives, related party transactions, and information used for bench-marking performance. If a disaster strikes, it will most likely be in one of these accounting minefields. This article examines the hazards of each minefield in turn, using examples like Metallgesellschaft, Xerox, MicroStrategy, and Lernout & Hauspie. It also provides a set of questions to ask in order to determine where a company's accounting practices might be overly aggressive. For those whose greatest interest is in fairly valuing the business--not presenting it in the best possible light--these questions are the first line of defense against creative accounting. Accounting game players are adroit, but it's both foolish and dangerous, contend the authors, to declare oneself ignorant and hence powerless against their machinations. They argue that members of corporate boards need to be financially literate.
Accounting↗