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Biomedical subjects

S D White

Publications and source records attributed to S D White.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Investigation of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in dogs.

Determination of antibodies to specific nuclear antigens, termed extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), was investigated in healthy dogs and in dogs with autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Using a counterimmunoelectrophoresis method, the dogs' sera were tested for antibodies against the nuclear antigens single-stranded DNA, Sm, Ro, La, ribonucleoprotein, Scl, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Antibodies to the Ro antigen were found in 1 dog with discoid lupus erythematosus, in 1 dog with pemphigus erythematosus, and in 1 dog with facial pyoderma and chronic superficial keratitis. In 15 dogs, antibodies were detected to ENA, but the precipitin lines were too weak to identify the specific ENA. These antibodies were found in some dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, vitiligo, lymphoma; in the dog with facial pyoderma and chronic superficial keratitis; and in 1 healthy dog. The highest percentage of dogs with antibodies to ENA in a large series (greater than 8) of this study was in dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (4 of 13; 31%).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Metabolism of the platelet-activating factor antagonist (+/-)-trans-2-(3'-methoxy-5'-methylsulphonyl-4'-propoxyphenyl)-5-(3",4" ,5"- trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (L-659,989) in rhesus monkeys.

1. The plasma concentration, main route of metabolism and excretion of 3H-L-659,989 were studied in male and female rhesus monkeys by dosing either i.v. or orally at 10 mg/kg. 2. The percentage of the AUC for the plasma radioactivity concentration-time curve of oral vs i.v. dosed monkeys was 78% for males and 90% for females, indicating that the dose was well absorbed. 3. The bioavailability of the drug was low (less than or equal to 10%) for all monkeys, probably due to rapid first pass metabolism. The drug was metabolized-predominantly at the C-4'-propoxy side-chain. The two major plasma metabolites were identified as the 4'-2-(hydroxy)propoxy metabolite (3H-trans-4'-HP) and the 4'-hydroxy metabolite (3H-4'-hydroxy) which was isolated as a 2:1 mixture of (+/-)trans: (+/-)cis. 4. Approx. 80% of the radiolabelled dose was excreted equally in the urine and faeces in 96 h, with the largest percentage of the tritiated dose (31 +/- 4%) in the 0-24 h urine. 5. The major metabolites in the excreta were the (+/-)trans/(+/-)cis mixture of 3H-4'-hydroxy and the glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy. The glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy was excreted in the urine of i.v. and orally dosed monkeys and represented an average of 21% and 5.1% of the dose, respectively. 3H-4'-Hydroxy was excreted in both the urine and faeces, accounting for less than or equal to 0.1% and 7.4% of the dose in i.v. and orally dosed monkeys, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Naltrexone for treatment of acral lick dermatitis in dogs.

Acral lick dermatitis (lick granuloma) was diagnosed in 11 dogs on the basis of history, physical examination, and histopathologic findings. A predilection for the left forelimb was noticed. All 11 dogs were given the narcotic antagonist naltrexone. Successful treatment (cessation of licking, reepithelialization of lesions) was seen in 7 dogs. All 7 dogs' lesions recurred when naltrexone was stopped, but reepithelialized in 5 dogs when the drug was readministered. Adverse effects (drowsiness, withdrawal from owner) were seen in 1 dog, but resolved within 48 hours of stopping the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979-1988).

The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Food hypersensitivity in cats: 14 cases (1982-1987)

Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 14 cats. Clinical signs varied; pruritus (100%), alopecia (64%), and papules (21%) were the ones most commonly observed. Pruritus was localized principally to the head or to the neck or ear region in 42% of the cats. Diagnosis was made on the basis of resolution of clinical signs when cats were fed a restricted ("hypoallergenic") diet, and recurrence of signs when cats were fed their original diet or other food. The most common allergens (on the basis of dietary challenge exposure) were fish and dairy products. Age or sex predilection was not observed, and 9 (64%) of the cats were domestic shorthairs. Owners could not relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change in diet. Three cats had concurrent flea bite, inhalant, or flea collar hypersensitivity.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Acquired cutaneous lymphangiectasis in a dog.

A 3-year-old male mixed-breed dog had swelling of the penile sheath, which developed after the dog was castrated at 1 year of age. Physical examination revealed pitting edema and multiple turgid vesicles on the prepuce and inguinal area. Histologic evaluation of the vesicles revealed thin epidermis elevated by dermal proliferation of dilated lymphatic channels. The diagnosis was acquired cutaneous lymphangiectasia. Clinical signs resolved concurrent with furosemide administration. Preputial swelling without vesicles recurred 1 and 2 years later and partially resolved after furosemide administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of narcotic antagonists to modify stereotypic self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs.

We evaluated 2 narcotic antagonists, naltrexone and nalmefene, for treatment of refractory self-licking, self-chewing, and scratching behavior in dogs. Eleven dogs with various irritative or pruritic disorders were medicated with naltrexone (1 mg/kg of body weight, sc) or nalmefene (1 to 4 mg/kg, sc), after a period of control observation during which the dogs had not been medicated. The time for which the dogs were involved in self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching was determined retrospectively by analysis of videotapes. The rates of involvement in either activity before and after treatment were calculated and compared statistically. Treatment with a narcotic antagonist significantly reduced the time spent self-licking, self-chewing, or scratching in 7 of 11 dogs, was partially effective in 3 dogs, and was ineffective in one dog. Dogs with acral lick dermatitis responded most to treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Corynebacterium folliculitis in a horse.

A 7-year-old Thoroughbred was examined for evaluation of mildly pruritic multiple skin lesions that had progressed from nodules to alopecia and crusts. Folliculitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was diagnosed by bacterial culture. Oral treatment with a trimethoprimsulfadiazine paste resulted in resolution of all lesions, with normal hair regrowth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Food hypersensitivity.

Hypersensitivities to foods afflict both dogs and cats. Clinical signs are highly variable, although pruritus is almost always present. Diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Response to intradermal skin testing with four cat allergen preparations in healthy and allergic dogs.

Intradermal skin testing with 4 cat allergens was performed on 40 dogs. The allergens used were a commercial preparation, cat allergen 1, cat pelt extract, and cat serum. Twenty dogs had inhalant allergies (canine atopy) and 20 dogs were healthy. The dogs in these 2 groups were further allotted to groups of dogs with or without exposure to cats. Cat pelt extract was the only allergen that caused a statistically significant (P less than 0.025) difference in the number of positive reactions in healthy vs allergic dogs, with healthy dogs having the greater number of positive reactions. Seven (35%) of the 20 dogs with no known exposure to cats had positive reactions to at least one of the allergens. In dogs that had been exposed to cats, positive reactions developed in twice the number of dogs without clinical signs of canine atopy, compared with those with clinical signs of canine atopy. These data showed that dogs do become sensitized to cat allergen, but that this sensitization may not indicate known exposure to cats or clinical disease.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Corticosteroid (methylprednisolone sodium succinate) pulse therapy in five dogs with autoimmune skin disease.

Corticosteroid pulse therapy is the parenteral administration of suprapharmacologic doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate for short periods. Five dogs diagnosed as having autoimmune skin disease were treated, using pulse therapy, with subsequent dramatic and rapid improvement of skin lesions. The dogs had no adverse clinical signs attributable to the treatment. All dogs had a relapse of clinical signs after a maintenance protocol (0.5 mg/kg, q 48 h) of orally administered prednisone was started. Skin lesions on 4 of 5 dogs eventually were controlled by prednisone, azathioprine, or gold therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Generalized demodicosis associated with diabetes mellitus in two cats.

Generalized demodicosis with concurrent diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 2 cats. Both cats had generalized alopecia and a bilateral brown aural exudate. Mites were seen microscopically in skin scrapings and ear swab specimens. Histologic examination of the skin showed the follicular orientation of the mites. Abnormal results on oral dexamethasone suppression tests, clinical findings, and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia found on necropsy of one of the cats suggested concurrent hyperadrenocorticism.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Localization of immunoglobulins and complement by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method in autoimmune and non-autoimmune canine dermatopathies.

Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded skin biopsy specimens from 44 dogs with various dermatopathies were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement (C3) by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method (PAP). Final diagnoses of the skin diseases were determined by clinical findings, fungal and bacterial cultures, skin scrapings, serum endocrinologic tests, and histologic features of cutaneous biopsies. The dermatopathies included examples of pyoderma (folliculitis/furunculosis), demodecosis, sarcoptic mange, dermatophytosis, endocrine dermatopathy, and autoimmune skin disease (AISD). In the latter category, 7 cases of pemphigus foliaceus, 1 pemphigus vulgaris, 4 discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and 4 examples of indeterminate AISD were examined. Immunoglobulins, C3, or both, were localized in tissue sections from AISD (15/16), pyoderma (7/11), demodecosis (4/8) sarcoptic mange (3/3), and dermatomycosis (2/3). Endocrine dermatopathy biopsies were consistently negative for Ig and C3 (0/3). The pattern of localization was most often intercellular (31/44 positive biopsies) with basement membrane immunoreactivity in 4 cases of DLE, and 1 case of indeterminate AISD. There was no consistent correlation between histologic features of hematoxylin and eosin-stained biopsies and the presence of Ig and C3. Clinical outcome was similar in both Ig and C3 positive and negative cases of non-AISD dermatitis. The high percentage (95%) of positive results in AISD biopsies indicates the usefulness and sensitivity of the PAP method for the localization of Ig and C3. Because of the high percentage of Ig localization in pyoderma (73%), biopsy specimens with extensive inflammatory skin disease are not suitable for diagnosis of AISD. The PAP method is useful in the diagnosis of AISD in biopsy specimens with minimal inflammation. Caution is warranted in the interpretation of immunoreactivity independent of clinical and histologic information.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Facial dermatosis in four dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

In hyperadrenocorticism in the dog, cutaneous lesions may include alopecia, thin, hypotonic skin, hyperpigmentation, comedones, calcinosis cutis, secondary bacterial and fungal infections, and demodicosis. Skin lesions affecting only the face have not been reported in reviews of hyperadrenocorticism, nor has the disease been included in the differential diagnoses of facial dermatoses. This report involves 4 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism in which cutaneous signs were limited to the face.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗