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Biomedical subjects

S D Edbril

Publications and source records attributed to S D Edbril.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Blitz rape and confidence rape: implications for clinical intervention.

Corroborating a typology of rape proposed 10 years earlier, a recent demographic study of 1,000 incidents of rape concluded that the two predominant types of assault were blitz and confidence rape. Blitz rape is characterized by sudden surprise attack by an unknown assailant using force or the threat of violence to gain control over the victim. In confidence rape, the assailant is known to some degree, however slight, and gains control over his victim by winning her trust. The characteristic details that differentiate one type of rape from the other suggest that the psychological impact on the victim will differ according to the type of rape. Specific clinical approaches for the mental health care of each victim group need to be provided. The immediate concerns of blitz rape victims center around their sense of safety, their fear that the rapist may return, and their dismay at having failed to ward off their attacker. They may respond like typical trauma victims with nightmares, flashbacks, sleep and appetite disturbances, heightened startle responses, anxiety, and depression. Treatment--usually sought soon after the rape--may include psychotherapy, medication, and behavioral desensitization. The confidence rape victims' chief concerns are guilt and self-blame. The rape may be revealed only years later. There is often significant delay between the rape and the victims' request for help. The victims need to be assured that they are deserving of help and need the meaning and definition of rape clarified. Providing services may require active and sustained involvement on the part of clinicians. Confidence rape victims will have strong doubts about their ability to discern who is truly trustworthy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychosocial factors, curative therapies, and behavioral outcomes. A comparison of testis cancer survivors and a control group of healthy men.

In a retrospective study of 223 testis cancer survivors and 120 controls matched sociodemographically, we examined the relative impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on long-term outcomes in the areas of sexual function, relationships, employment, and mental outlook. For most of the survivors, testis cancer did not lead to unemployment (4.5%), divorce (6.8%), or disabling psychological problems. Multivariate analysis results confirm that cancer survivors report significantly more infertility and sexual performance distress, but not more desire distress, than the control group. Survivors' sexual impairment varied according to treatment received (and therefore histologic factors) and sociodemographic variables. Parental status (not having children) and education (college or less) independently predict infertility distress, whereas education and lower occupational level independently predicted sexual performance distress. Adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES), the men with advanced testis cancer who received chemotherapy and standard retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) had significantly more infertility and performance distress than those men who received other treatments. Neither the treatment or SES variables predicted disrupted relationships or a deteriorated mental outlook. However, men with sexual impairment distress were more likely to report strained relationships and a pessimistic mental outlook. These findings have implications for treatment decisions and can be used to identify subgroups of survivors who could benefit from counseling and sexual rehabilitation services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Blitz rape and confidence rape: a typology applied to 1,000 consecutive cases.

The case records of 1,000 consecutive rape victims seen at a crisis center were analyzed to identify important categories of rape victimization. The most noteworthy finding was a replication and extension of the blitz rape and confidence rape typology. The distinction between these two types of rape corresponded to a series of significant differences in the victims' characteristics, the rape settings, the victims' activities before they were raped, the assailants' characteristics, and the victims' immediate responses to the assaults. The authors discuss the implications of these differences with respect to specific strategies of outreach and treatment for victims of different types of rape.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Curative testis cancer therapy: psychosocial sequelae.

We examined the long-term impact of advanced testis cancer and its curative therapies on emotional states and outlook on life, employment, intimate relationships, and sexual function. The sample consisted of 74 nonseminomatous and seminomatous tumor patients who had completed treatment two to ten years ago. The majority of men felt that surviving the debilitating treatment(s) was both an accomplishment and worthwhile trade-off. Neither the rate of unemployment (7%) nor divorce (10%) was remarkable. The most critical outcome was in the area of sexual functioning. One fourth to one half of the men reported some type of sexual impairment. Multiple regression results indicate that ejaculatory dysfunction, a side effect of the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, is significantly associated with distress about both infertility and sexual impairment. Men with sexual impairment report more psychological symptoms, strained intimate relationships, and negative changes in other areas of life functioning. These data, while not definitive, suggest that there are delayed effects and that the subgroup of men, who are least likely to disclose these problems to physicians, are at greater risk for the deleterious outcomes.

Adolescent↗