Biomedical subjects

S D Carter

Publications and source records attributed to S D Carter.

169 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Antibodies to heat shock proteins in dogs with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Antibodies to heat shock proteins of the 65 kDa group were demonstrated in canine sera and synovial fluid. This paper reports these antibody measurements in three groups of dogs with joint disease and compares them with those of a control population. Dogs with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed higher anti-heat shock proteins (HSP) antibody levels, in both their sera and synovial fluids, compared to the control dogs and these antibodies were predominantly of the IgG and IgM class; there was a significant correlation between IgM anti-HSP65 and IgM-rheumatoid factors. There was also a significant correlation between anti-HSP65 and antibodies to canine distemper virus, but only of the IgM class and the relevance of these antibodies to the overall pathogenesis of canine RA and, in particular, to the presence of canine distemper virus within the joint, are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of transportation and weaning on humoral immune responses of calves.

Transportation exposes cattle to stress and results in increased morbidity and mortality. An investigation was made of the effects of transport and another important stressor, weaning, on the immune function of calves by determining humoral immune responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). In a 2 x 2 factorial designed experiment, suckled calves were either (1) weaned at housing (day 0) and not transported, (2) weaned at housing and transported, (3) weaned while still at pasture nine to 13 days prior to housing and not transported or (4) weaned at pasture and transported. All calves were immunized with KLH at housing (day 0) and serum samples were collected subsequently to determine class and subclass anti-KLH antibody responses (IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM) by direct ELISA. Increased anti-KLH IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations were shown in calves that were weaned prior to housing and transported on day 10 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Transported calves had increased IgG1 concentrations on day 20 (P < 0.05) compared with calves that were not transported. However, calves weaned at housing and not transported had increased IgA and IgM responses on day 30 compared with the other groups of calves (P < 0.05). This study shows that transportation and weaning affect the humoral immune responses of suckler calves and that the effects persist for several weeks. However, the effects of the treatments were not consistent for all antibody classes measured.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis and significance of anti-nuclear antibodies in dogs.

Assays for detecting and measuring antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in dogs were compared. They included the indirect immunofluorescence test, using rat liver as substrate, and ELISAs for three nuclear antigens: double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and histone. There was no correlation between the ANA titre and antibodies to the three nuclear antigens. Analysis of ANA in different arthropathies showed no specific disease association. HEP-2 cells showed no fluorescence reaction with either ANA-positive or ANA-negative dog sera. Western blotting produced too complex a pattern to identify specific antigens. The antigens that reacted with ANA in dogs were not identified; there is either a broad range of reactivities or non-specific binding of immunoglobulins.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of the immunological surveillance value of humoral and lymphocyte assays in severe human cystic echinococcosis.

Thirty cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients in Uruguay with severe bone or secondary disseminated echinococcosis were immunologically assessed using cellular (lymphocyte transformation assay, LTA) and humoral (specific antibody and subclass responses, circulating antigen and circulating immune-complexes) immunological assays during the course of chemotherapy (albendazole and/or praziquantel). CE patients were divided into 4 groups, according to clinical treatment and outcome: (I) surgery and chemotherapy, (II) chemotherapy with outcome unchanged, (III) chemotherapy with outcome improved, and (IV) chemotherapy considered cured. Increased circulating antigen was of prognostic value in some severe CE cases where levels remained high and/or increased. The lymphoproliferative response in vitro to Echinococcus granulosus antigen was statistically greater in all patient groups compared to normal individuals but at lower levels in improved or cured CE patients. Levels of non-specific LTA response were significantly lower than controls for all groups during albendazole treatment (P < 0.001) but returned to normal levels in cured patients, a result consistent with parasite-induced suppression of cellular responses. This study suggests that, at least in severe osseous and secondary CE, immunosurveillance by specific antibodies, especially total specific immunoglobulin, was overall of more practical use than antigen-specific in-vitro lymphocyte transformation assays.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Eimeria tenella: local antibodies and interactions with the sporozoite surface.

Using fixed sporozoites in a 3-layer immunofluorescence assay (TLIFA), class-specific, parasite-specific antibody responses in chicks to single-pulse infection with Eimeria tenella have been studied in gut contents and bile as well as plasma and feces. After infection with 10(3) oocysts, IgA antibody was first detected in the duodenal lumen, then in bile, plasma, cecum, and the distal small intestine. The kinetics of the bile IgA response correlated with that in plasma and peaked 9 days post-infection (d.p.i.); IgM was detected in gut contents and bile as well as plasma, and IgG was occasionally detected in gut contents, especially in the duodenum. In some experiments, IgA was detected in gut contents and bile to at least 21 d.p.i. Infection with 10(5) oocysts resulted in an earlier and increased response and relatively high IgG titers in cecal contents. Coproantibody was detected inconsistently and at low titer. When sporozoites that excysted in vitro were incubated in specific, antibody-positive (9 d.p.i.) cecal contents, some complement-mediated IgG-associated anti-sporozoite effects were observed; however, the major effect of cecal contents and the only effect of bile was a non-lethal agglutination of living sporozoites. By fractionation of cecal contents and immunoblotting this was confirmed to be IgA mediated; IgA antibodies in cecal contents and bile after infection were shown to bind to sporozoite membrane antigens by surface fluorescence as well as agglutination. Agglutination detected anti-sporozoite antibody in gut contents and bile up to 21 d.p.i., peaking between 7 and 13 d.p.i., corresponding with TLIFA results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agglutination↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Touching a nerve.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Care↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and characterization of serum immunoglobulin classes of the ostrich (Struthio camelus).

Immunoglobulins were separated from ostrich sera by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. Two classes of immunoglobulin could be identified, corresponding to IgG and IgM of other species, based on elution profiles from ion-exchange columns and molecular mass estimation on gel-filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). On SDS-PAGE, the heavy chains of IgG and IgM were shown to have molecular masses of 67.5 kDa and 65 kDa, respectively, and the light chains common to both were shown to have a molecular mass of 27 kDa. The ostrich immunoglobulins were not recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins of many species of animals tested, nor by antibodies against chicken immunoglobulins.

Animals↗