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Biomedical subjects

S Czekalski

Publications and source records attributed to S Czekalski.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Effect of naloxone on beta-endorphin and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance testing in patients with simple obesity].

The concentrations of beta-endorphin, ACTH, insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG), cortisol and growth hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in 13 obese patients with normal glucose tolerance and without arterial hypertension. The test was performed in random, before and after intravenous administration of 0.8 mg of naloxone. Six persons with normal body weight served as controls. Higher basal concentrations of beta-endorphin and significant increase in beta-endorphin levels during OGTT, without concomitant increase in ACTH concentrations, have been found in obese patients. No effect of naloxone on beta-endorphin liberation during OGTT was observed, though the drug caused lowering in maximal increment of beta-endorphin and paradoxically lowered the concentrations of ACTH and cortisol. The basal concentrations of beta-endorphin did not correlate with the concentrations of insulin, ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone. Elevated concentrations of insulin, lowered concentration of growth hormone and normal levels of glucose and glucagon were observed in basal conditions, and excessive responses of insulin, glucose and glucagon were observed in obese patients during OGTT. Naloxone lowered insulin response and inhibited the fall of growth hormone during OGTT but did not influence the concentrations of glucose and glucagon. No correlation was found during OGTT after naloxone between insulin and beta-endorphin, ACTH or cortisol, whereas negative correlation was observed between insulin and growth hormone. The obtained results suggest that the elevated concentrations of beta-endorphin in simple obesity may be of both hypophyseal and peripheral origin. Hyper-beta-endorphinemia observed in obesity is probably not directly responsible for hyperinsulinemia, it may, however, be responsible for lower sensitivity of tissues to the action of insulin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

[Value of fructosamine test in monitoring of diabetes complicated by proteinuria].

The aim of study was evaluation of fructosamine test in monitoring of diabetes mellitus complicated by proteinuria. Twenty patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus without proteinuria and 20 diabetic (type 1) patients with proteinuria were examined. Absent-present proteinuria was alone differential parameter between these groups. Correlations between past-glycaemia and other indices of diabetes balance as fructosamine, glycated haemoglobin and fructosamine: albumin molal ratio were examined. Results of study suggest that fructosamine test is useless in monitoring diabetes with proteinuria, but fructosamine: albumin molal ratio is a good parameter in monitoring of either: diabetes mellitus without proteinuria and with proteinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in a population sample of Szczecin residents over 50 years of age].

The prevalence of osteoporosis and risk factors were evaluated in the random sample of Szczecin population aged over 50 years. Five hundred five individuals (273 women and 232 men) were examined. Risk factors for osteoporosis were evaluated with the aid of an questionnaire. Two X-ray pictures of both thoracic and lumbar spine were taken in the lateral position in all examined subjects and evaluated for osteoporosis. The most frequently encountered risk factors included: low physical activity (60% of women and 50% of men), tobacco smoking (43% of women and 79% of men), low consumption of the diary products in adolescence (53% of women and 49% of men), history of bone fractures, early menopause, and diabetes mellitus. The interpretation of X-ray findings showed that the incidence of osteoporosis was increasing with the age in both sexes, and was considerably higher in women. An analysis of the relationship between risk factors and radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis with chi 2 test showed that significantly higher incidence of the disease in women was associated with long-term immobilization, low milk consumption, tobacco smoking, and early menopause. Osteoporosis in men correlated with only tobacco smoking.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of different amounts of dietary sodium on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)in essential salt sensitive hypertension].

The aim of the study was an evaluation of the effect of different dietary sodium intake on: blood pressure, plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), aldosterone (ALDO) and plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with primary sodium sensitive arterial hypertension class I acc. to WHO criteria. Thirteen patients, non treated, with sodium sensitive arterial hypertension aged 30 +/- 8 years participated in the study. Blood samples were taken three times: in 5th day of normal sodium intake (100-120 mmol Na per 24 h); in 5th day of low sodium diet (10-20 mmol Na per 24 h); in 5th day of high sodium diet (200-220 mmol Na per 24 h). During 24 hours before each blood sampling the urine was collected and sodium and potassium excretions were evaluated. Concentrations of ANP, cGMP, ALDO in plasma and PRA were determined by radioimmunoassays and serum sodium and potassium concentration by flame photometry. Significant (p < 0.05) diminution of blood pressure, plasma ANP and cGMP concentrations and the increase of plasma ALDO and PRA after sodium restriction when compared to normal sodium diet were found. High sodium diet resulted in significant increase of blood pressure, plasma ANP and cGMP concentrations to the values comparable with these on normal sodium diet. On the contrary PRA and plasma ALDO concentration decreased (p < 0.001) below the values during normal sodium diet. Urinary sodium excretion corresponded to dietary sodium intake during all diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of intravenous sodium chloride load on levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and 3'5' guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in plasma of patients with uncomplicated sodium-sensitive arterial hypertension maintained on different dietary sodium intake].

The aim of this work was an evaluation of the effect of the acute hypervolemia induced by 90 min intravenous infusion of 1500 ml 0.9% NaCl (16.7 ml/min) on blood pressure, plasma concentration of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), aldosterone (ALDO), plasma renin activity (PRA) in patients with essential hypertension on the normal, low and high sodium intake. Twelve patients with noncomplicated essential sodium-sensitive arterial hypertension participated in the study. Sodium chloride infusions were performed three times: first--on the fifth day of normal daily sodium u intake (110-120 mmol/day), second--on the fifth day of low sodium intake (10-20 mmol/day), third--on the fifth day of high sodium intake (200-220 mmol/day). Acute intravenous sodium chloride load induced a significant increase of the mean arterial pressure (MBP) only when the patients were on the high sodium diet. This increase of the MBP was associated with a significantly lower increment of plasma ANP, cGMP, lower decrement of ALDO and PRA when compared to normal- or low- sodium intake. The results suggest an impairment of the adaptive homeostatic mechanisms induced by an acute intravenous sodium load in patients with noncomplicated salt-sensitive essential hypertension ingesting high-sodium diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Intrinsic properties of the nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonist losartan in glomeruli and mesangial cells at high concentrations.

Intrinsic activities of the nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonist losartan were examined in a number of in vitro assays. Losartan produced contraction of rat isolated glomeruli at 100 mumol/l and of human mesangial cells at 1 to 100 mumol/l. Cell surface reduction was associated with disorganization of the alpha actin microfilament bundles. Losartan also stimulated cytosolic calcium concentration in cultured human mesangial cells at high concentrations (10-100 mumol/l). Losartan-dependent cytosolic free calcium concentration increase was not affected by nicardipine or 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoate hydrochloride, whereas it was abolished in a calcium-free medium. There was a marked homologous desensitization response to losartan which was also obtained after pretreatment by EXP 3174 (2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid), the metabolite of losartan. The search for other agonistic effects of losartan in human mesangial cells including inositoltriphosphate formation, prostaglandin E2 production, [3H]leucine or [3H]thymidine incorporation was negative. Losartan and EXP 3174 were not toxic for human mesangial cells at the concentrations studied as judged by the absence of release of lactate dehydrogenase and the normal uptake of neutral red. These studies demonstrate that losartan exhibits glomerular effects in vitro only at high concentrations. Their relevance to in vivo situations is still questionable.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in human glomeruli and mesangial cells.

This study was designed to identify the subtypes of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors present on glomeruli and glomerular mesangial cells and establish their functional significance. Dup 753 and its metabolite EXP 3174, two nonpeptide ANG II-1 receptor (AT1) antagonists, displaced 125I-ANG II and its analogue 125I-[Sar1,Ala8]ANG II from their binding sites in rat and human glomeruli and cultured human mesangial cells, whereas CGP 42112 A and PD 123177, two ANG II-2 receptor (AT2) antagonists, exhibited little displacing activity. Dup 753 and EXP 3174 did not modify the dissociation constant (Kd) value but markedly decreased the number of sites of 125I-[Sar1,Ala8]ANG II binding. The addition of PD 123177 did not further inhibit binding when all AT1 sites were occupied by Dup 753. Binding was markedly reduced by dithiothreitol. EXP 3174 and Dup 753 inhibited the main biological functions of ANG II in mesangial cells including increases in intracellular calcium concentration, PGE2 production, and protein synthesis. PD 123177 was also active but at concentrations 1,000- to 10,000-fold greater than those of AT1 antagonists. These results indicate that 1) only AT1 receptors are present in glomeruli and glomerular mesangial cells; 2) these receptors mediate the functional responses to ANG II; 3) the nonpeptide AT1 antagonists behave as noncompetitive inhibitors; and 4) high concentrations of the nonpeptide AT2 antagonists can recognize AT1 sites.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

[Frequency of goiter in children and adolescents in the Szczecin region].

The study was carried out in 2153 children and adolescents (1066 girls and 1087 boys) aged 5-20 years. The examined group was chosen randomly, according to a simple drawing scheme. The aim of the study was to evaluate frequency, size and character of goiter in developmental age population in Szczecin's region. The goiter was found in 14% of examined population (18.4% in girls and 9.8% in boys). Frequency of goiter approximated to 37% in girls and 16% in boys during puberty spurt (between 10 and 16 year of age). Small degree of thyroid enlargement was predominant in examined population. Large goiter was present more frequent in girls than in boys. We did not find clinical symptoms of thyroid gland dysfunction in examined group. Frequency of nodular goiter was 7% of children's and adolescent's population with higher incidence in boys (9%) than in girls (6%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of early results of combined treatment with glucocorticoids and telecobalt therapy for Graves' disease ophthalmopathy].

Early results of combined use of glucocorticoid administration and irradiation with radioactive cobalt for treatment of oedematous-infiltrative ophthalmopathy associated with Graves' disease have been analyzed in a group of 33 patients including 28 women and 5 men of age between 25 and 66 years (mean age 47.3 years). The combined therapy was a modification of the original method of Bartalena et al. which consisted in the gradual increase of the initial dose of glucocorticoids and prolongation of the period of administration of the drug. The ophthalmic lesions were assessed by thorough ophthalmologic examination and classified according to Werner. The ophthalmopathy index was calculated according to Donaldson. Satisfactory results of treatment have been obtained in 32 patients, with 9 patients being completely relieved from any objective or subjective ophthalmic symptoms (very good results), and 23 patients having still small afflictions originating from the soft tissues of the eye socket, exophthalmos, diplopia during marginal vision and a decreased visual acuity (good results). The clinical recovery was mostly connected with the improvement in the condition of soft tissues of the eye socket, cornea and external ocular muscles and, to a smaller extent, exophthalmos which persisted to some degree and acuity of vision not always attaining normal values. In one person the results of treatment were unsatisfactory despite some improvement. Very good and good results obtained in 97% of patients indicate that the administration of glucocorticoids combined with the irradiation of retrobulbar tissues with radioactive cobalt can now be regarded as the most effective method of treatment of the progressive oedematous-infiltrative ophthalmopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Frequency of thyroid enlargement (goiter) in residents of the Szczecin region].

The study has been carried out on 4,565 persons (2,349 girls and women also 2,216 boys and men) aged 4-64. The examined group was chosen randomly, according to a simple drawing scheme. The aim of the study is to evaluate frequency, magnitude and character of goiter in residents in Szczecin region. The goiter has been found in 19.5% persons in examined population, so it makes possible an endemic state. In consideration of a fact that goiter appears frequently among women and there are more cases of thyroid enlargement (O-B and I degree), as well as a small number of people with disturbance thyroid function only slightly endemic character is stated. Because the frequency of modular goiter among people with goiter is 20% it doesn't express extent of endemic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Atrial natriuretic factor and changes in dietary sodium intake in patients with chronic renal failure.

1. In order to examine the potential role of atrial natriuretic factor in modulating the increased sodium excretion per nephron in chronic renal failure, we studied 12 uraemic patients on the last day of two successive 7 day periods during which their sodium intake was 100 and 20 mmol of sodium/day, respectively. 2. There was a parallel decrease from 6.31 +/- 0.75 to 2.17 +/- 0.32% in the fractional excretion of filtered sodium and from 234.4 +/- 74.9 to 80.6 +/- 20.3 pg/ml (supine position) or 140.1 +/- 43.6 to 60.7 +/- 14.6 pg/ml (upright position) in plasma atrial natriuretic factor. Both parameters were significantly correlated during the two periods of different sodium intake (P less than 0.05). The ratio of plasma guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate to plasma creatinine changed proportionally to plasma atrial natriuretic factor. Plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity increased during the sodium-depleted period but only plasma renin activity was significantly correlated with fractional excretion of filtered sodium. 3. The predominant role of atrial natriuretic factor compared with that of aldosterone in the renal response to varying sodium intake is suggested both by regression analysis and by the effect of 5 day's treatment with a converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) in six other uraemic patients on a normal (100 mmol/day) sodium intake. Such treatment, although resulting in a significant increase in plasma renin activity and a significant decrease in plasma aldosterone, at least in the supine position, did not modify the fractional excretion of sodium and plasma atrial natriuretic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Low plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide in untreated hypothyroid patients.

A group of patients with primary hypothyroidism has been studied, and it is reported that low serum levels of thyroid hormones are accompanied by low plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations. While the correlation between ANP and thyroid hormone levels is strong, no correlation was found between ANP and heart rate or arterial blood pressure. It is suggested that thyroid hormones directly stimulate the release of ANP from atrial cardiocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Atrial natriuretic factor in untreated hyperthyroidism.

Increased plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in untreated hyperthyroid patients is reported. A significant positive correlation between the concentration of ANF and serum thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) has been found when hyperthyroid patients and healthy controls were pooled together. The mechanism by which thyroid hormones raise plasma ANF concentration and its relevance to the symptomatology of hyperthyroidism is discussed.

Adult↗