[Properties and antigenicity of gluten protein isolated from bread].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Csorba.
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Four fractions, fraction A,B, C, and D, were isolated from the aqueous extract of wheat flour on a Sephadex G-75 column. It was found that the repeated gel-filtrated fraction A reacts as an antigen with the sera of coeliac patients. On the basis of its molecular weight and amino acid compositions, it is gliadin. Each of the 28 coeliac patients had heat-stable precipitating antibody and higher than normal IgE levels were found in the sera of only three individuals. Specific antigliadin IgE in low quantity was found in only one case. The sera reacting with antigens in high titres were absorbed by anti-IgG and anti-IgA whereupon the antibody level considerably decreased. The main circulating antibody of the patients was IgG.
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Antibodies produced against gliadin were demonstrated in the sera of patients suffering from coeliac disease as well as of immunized rabbits and rats. In the patient sera the specific antibodies proved to be of the IgG type. IgE may have a role in sensitization against gliadin only in the cell-fixed state.
The serum copper, zinc and iron levels, iron binding capacity and coeruloplasmin activity were determined in 28 maternal and cord bloods and in 50 infants and children. At the end of the gestation period the serum copper level increased, iron concentration remained unchanged while the level of zinc decreased significantly as compared to the values for healthy, non-pregnant women. Iron and zinc concentrations at birth were significantly higher in the newborn than in the mother, whereas the copper level amounted only to 20% of the maternal value. Subsequently, the copper level increased to reach the lower limit of healthy adults in the first to second year of life. The remarkably high neonatal zinc concentration fell significantly in the first 2 to 4 weeks of life and decreases to the normal adult level at one year of age. The changes in the trace element concentrations may be due to quantitative differences in the transporting proteins, variations in placental permeability and in the function of transfer proteins.
The serum IgE level has been studied from birth up to 14 years of age. The mean serum IgE concentration was found to be correlated with age. Parallel measurements in cord blood and maternal blood yielded a mean of 25 I.U./ml (range, 0--90 I.U.) for the former and one of 124 I.U./ml (range, 50-600 I.U.) for the latter. The normal IgE level ranged from 20 to 100 I.U./ml in infants and from 100 to 200 I.U./ml in children, but even values of 400 to 600 I.U. did not necessarily reflect a pathological condition. In the majority of patients with eczema, urticaria and spastic bronchitis, high IgE levels were measured. The highest individual and mean values were obtained in children harbouring intestinal helminths, though a normal IgE level also occurred in such patients. In coeliac disease the values were within normal limits.
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