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Biomedical subjects

S Crawford

Publications and source records attributed to S Crawford.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Hepatic copper concentrations in purebred and mixed-breed dogs.

Histomorphologic, histochemical, and atomic absorption analysis studies were performed on liver tissue from 623 clinically normal purebred and mixed-breed dogs to assess the range of hepatic copper concentrations, the histologic distribution of copper, and the histomorphologic changes associated with the various copper concentrations that were found. Atomic absorption analysis revealed a continuous numerical spectrum ranging from less than 100 parts per million on a dry weight basis (ppm dw) to more than 2,000. No decisive numerical criterion was found that could be used to separate normal from abnormal copper concentrations because of this continuous array. The threshold for histochemical demonstration of copper-containing granules using rhodanine or rubeanic acid staining was 400 ppm dw. At this concentration the copper-containing granules were located in the centrilobular hepatocytes (zone 3 of Rappaport). Copper-containing granules were found in the midzonal and periportal hepatocytes (zones 2 and 1 of Rappaport) in livers with 1,000 ppm dw and higher copper concentrations. The majority of the 623 livers were normal histomorphologically. Multifocal hepatitis characterized by mixed inflammatory cell accumulation and centrilobular distribution was found to be associated with copper concentrations in the range of 2,000 ppm dw or higher. An appropriate upper limit for normal hepatic copper concentration in the dog was not determined based on the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Spinal cord ischemia after resection of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: MR findings in 24 patients.

MR images of the thoracic spinal cord were made in 24 patients who developed signs and symptoms of spinal cord ischemia or infarction following surgery for a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Findings consisted primarily of four different patterns of signal abnormalities in the distribution of the anterior spinal artery. These abnormalities were identified as types A-D, depending on the degree of involvement of the gray matter and surrounding white matter. We found good correlation between the distribution of the signal abnormalities in the cord, the severity of the neurologic deficits, and the clinical outcome. MR is the imaging method of choice for diagnosing spinal cord ischemia or infarction. A thorough knowledge of the spinal cord arterial territories is crucial for characterizing ischemic MR signal abnormalities and for differentiating them from other causes of myelopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Planning a new library in an age of transition: the Washington University School of Medicine Library and Biomedical Communications Center.

In an era of great technological and socioeconomic changes, the Washington University School of Medicine conceptualized and built its first Library and Biomedical Communications Center in seventy-eight years. The planning process, evolution of the electronic library, and translation of functions into operating spaces are discussed. Since 1983, when the project was approved, a whole range of information technologies and services have emerged. The authors consider the kind of library that would operate in a setting where people can do their own searches, order data and materials through an electronic network, analyze and manage information, and use software to create their own publications.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed1989

Family functioning and stress as predictors of influenza B infection.

A prospective cohort study was designed to study the effects of family functioning and stress on the incidence of influenza infection. Families from the clinic roster, containing two adults and at least one child between the ages of 1 and 18 years, were asked to participate. Baseline (pre-influenza) data included a serum determination for influenza A and B antibodies, family functioning as measured by the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) II and the Family APGAR, and parental stress as measured by the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS). During the study all family members of patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms or fever were seen, and throat swabs were obtained for viral culture. Approximately 2 weeks after the influenza epidemic ended (March 1984), sera for antibodies were again collected on all family members. Chi-square analysis showed that infection (defined as a fourfold titer rise or a positive viral throat culture) was significantly associated with both cohesion and adaptability as measured by FACES II. Neither the Family APGAR nor the SRRS was associated with influenza B infection. It was concluded that family functioning affects the frequency of influenza B infection within families. This finding raises the possibility that family dysfunction may lead to altered immune responses, which increases susceptibility to infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Increased cytotoxicity against cytomegalovirus-infected target cells by bronchoalveolar lavage cells from bone marrow transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus pneumonia.

Cytotoxic activity of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from 23 bone marrow transplant recipients against CMV-infected fibroblast target cells was evaluated to determine if responses differed between patients with and without CMV pneumonia. Responses of BAL cells were also compared with responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). BAL cells from patients with CMV pneumonia had greater cytotoxicity than BAL cells from patients with non-CMV pneumonia (P = .008). Cytotoxicity of BAL cells was also increased, as compared with PBLs, from patients with CMV pneumonia (P = .008). Lymphocytes, not alveolar macrophages, were found to be the cytotoxic effector cells in studies using purified BAL populations. Depletion studies using Leu 11b and complement suggested that natural killer cells were responsible for the cytotoxic activity. These studies demonstrate that BAL cells from patients with CMV pneumonia after bone marrow transplant have increased cytotoxicity against CMV-infected target cells.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1987

Beyond the online catalog: developing an academic information system in the sciences.

The online public access catalog consists essentially of a machine-readable database with network capabilities. Like other computer-based information systems, it may be continuously enhanced by the addition of new capabilities and databases. It may also become a gateway to other information networks. This paper reports the evolution of the Bibliographic Access and Control System (BACS) of Washington University in end-user searching, current awareness services, information management, and administrative functions. Ongoing research and development and the future of the online catalog are also discussed.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1987

Cranial magnetic resonance imaging in eclampsia.

Although the precise neuropathologic basis for eclamptic convulsions remains unclear, intracranial hemorrhage is frequently associated with fatal cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a recently developed neuroimaging technique that appears superior to other processes for defining intracranial anatomy and pathophysiology. This technique has not yet been reported in eclampsia. The authors performed serial MRIs on an eclamptic woman, with findings compatible with previously described neuropathologic changes.

Adult↗