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Biomedical subjects

S Cornell

Publications and source records attributed to S Cornell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Therapeutic potential and clinical efficacy of acid-resistant fungal lipase in the treatment of pancreatic steatorrhoea due to cystic fibrosis.

We investigated the therapeutic potential of an acid-resistant fungal lipase prepared from Aspergillus niger. We first demonstrated in vitro that it had a wide pH optimum of 2.5-5.5 and was resistant to pepsin and trypsin. We gave the enzyme or matching placebo in random order by mouth with a fatty meal to 10 adult patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea due to cystic fibrosis (CF) and sampled gastric contents for the following 2 h. Mean acid-resistant lipase activity was 330 nmol/ml/min free fatty acid released on placebo, compared with 896 nmol/ml/min on fungal lipase (p = 0.006 for area under the curve). We compared this lipase's clinical efficacy with that of two conventional pancreatin microsphere formulations in an open randomised crossover fat-balance study in 10 similar patients. Each preparation was given for 2 weeks, and a fat-balance study, using a faecal recovery marker, was performed on the final 3 days; a period without treatment was also included. The fungal lipase had no effect on faecal wet weight or on the coefficient of fat absorption (59.0% vs. 52.3%; NS) in comparison with placebo. The established enteric-coated microsphere preparation (Creon) produced a significant reduction in faecal wet weight and improvement in coefficient of fat absorption (81.4% vs. 52.3%; p less than 0.01) in comparison with placebo. The newer microsphere preparation (Pancrex M) was also effective, but perhaps less so than Creon; there were no significant differences between the two preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acids↗
PubMed1991

Use of randomly cloned DNA fragments for the identification of oral spirochetes.

DNA probes were produced for the detection and identification of 4 cultivable species of oral spirochetes, Treponema denticola, Treponema socranskii, Treponema vincentii and Treponema pectinovorum. To obtain probe sequences, chromosomal DNA, isolated from representative strains within each species, was cloned in Escherichia coli K-12. Cloned DNA fragments were screened for the ability to hybridize to DNA only from homologous strains. Several such fragments were identified and shown to be specific when tested against a series of DNAs from gram-negative and gram-positive oral bacteria. The selected probe sequences were semi-conserved within strains of T. denticola and T. socranskii such that restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was observed. In the case of T. socranskii, RFLP was useful in distinguishing between the 3 known subspecies. Chromosomal DNA fragments from 2 strains of T. vincentii failed to cross-hybridize, under stringent conditions, to genomic DNA from each of these strains. The hybridization probes were suitable for the identification of clinical isolates of T. denticola and could be used to detect the presence of individual Treponema species in mixed cultures. On this basis, the probes were used successfully to detect T. denticola in uncultured plaque samples.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Probe-specific DNA fingerprinting applied to the epidemiology of localized juvenile periodontitis.

Although Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been recognized as a primary etiological agent in localized juvenile periodontitis, questions remain concerning the source of infection, mode of transmission, and relative virulence of strains. DNA fingerprinting analysis, using a randomly cloned chromosomal DNA fragment as a probe, revealed that previously characterized strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans displayed significant restriction site heterogeneity which could be applied to the typing of clinical isolates of this bacterium such that individual strains or variants could be traced within subjects from localized juvenile periodontitis families. Hybridization data derived from an analysis of bacterial isolates obtained from families participating in an ongoing longitudinal study of the disease showed that a single individual could be infected with more than one strain or variant of A. actinomycetemcomitans and that various members of the same family could harbor different strains or variants of the bacterium. In several cases the clinical isolates were matched to characterized laboratory strains by comparing hybridization patterns generated by digestion of the DNA with several restriction enzymes in independent reactions. Thus, probe-specific DNA fingerprinting of A. actinomycetemcomitans will permit us to determine if particular strains or variants are frequently associated with sites of periodontal destruction. Attention could then be focused on determining the virulence properties of those strains or variants that have in vivo significance.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral infarction due to moyamoya disease in young adults.

Moyamoya disease was diagnosed as the cause of cerebral infarction in eight young adults (seven women, one man), aged 17-40 (mean 33) years. All had angiographic abnormalities characteristic of moyamoya disease. Single-photon emission tomography showed bilateral carotid circulation hypoperfusion and posterior circulation hyperemia in all seven patients with regional cerebral blood flow studies. All seven women had used oral contraceptives before cerebral infarction. Four patients were treated medically; one died of a second cerebral infarction 9 months after diagnosis. Four patients underwent superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis; they did well. Moyamoya disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebral infarction as well as intracranial hemorrhage in young adults, particularly women. A possible relation between moyamoya disease and oral contraceptive use deserves investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Multimodal amnesic syndrome following bilateral temporal and basal forebrain damage.

A 55-year-old right-handed man (patient DRB) had a major amnesic syndrome following extensive bilateral damage to the temporal lobe and basal forebrain, caused by herpes simplex encephalitis. His amnesia was both anterograde and retrograde. The retrograde amnesia spanned the five decades of his life, sparing only generic (semantic) material and shreds of previous experiences devoid of appropriate temporal and spatial placement. The anterograde amnesia encompassed both generic (semantic) and contextual (episodic) material. With the exception of preserved learning of a visuomotor skill, the patient did not show acquisition of any new information since his illness in 1975. Elementary perceptual, intellectual, and linguistic abilities remained intact. Because several anatomic and behavioral characteristics of this case are different from those of previously reported cases of amnesia, they may provide new insight into the neuroanatomic substrate of human memory.

Amnesia↗