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Biomedical subjects

S Conrad

Publications and source records attributed to S Conrad.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Primary localization of malignant lymphoma in the urinary bladder?].

We report on the case of a malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma with primary location in the urinary bladder of an 83-year-old woman. Diagnosis was established by transurethral resection of the tumor and histological examination. No clinical signs (e.g. alterations of peripheral blood count) or tumor generalization were observed. To date only 86 cases of primary localization of lymphoma in the urinary bladder have been described, whereas secondary involvement occurs in 5.4-13% of cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Urologic complications after kidney transplantation. Experiences in a center with 539 recipients].

A total of 539 renal transplantations were performed at the Department of Urology of the University Hospital of Hamburg between 1984 and 1991. 132 (24.5%) patients developed urological complications (by definition, complications occurring as a result of the operative procedure). In 31 cases the transplants had to be removed secondary to urological complications, and 4 patients died of such complications (mortality 0.7%, lethality 3.0%). Urinary tract infections occurred in 13.2% of all patients during the first postoperative year and were by far the most frequent complication, followed by haematomas, which occurred in 9.6%. The incidence of urinary tract and wound infections was significantly reduced during the 8-year period studied by improving antibiotic prophylaxis and adopting a strategy of early removal of indwelling catheters (P < 0.05). Stenting the ureteroneocystostomy with a double-J stent instead of an external ureteral catheter resulted in a definite decrease in the incidence of ureteral leaks (P < 0.05). Continuous control of operative results and efforts to improve operative and perioperative strategies make it possible to reduce the incidence of urological complications in renal transplantation and thus result in an improved graft function and patient survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Multilocular, giant angiomyolipoma of the kidney, adrenal gland and para-aortic lymph nodes. Case report of a 9-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis].

The symptoms and therapy of a multicentric angiomyolipoma of the kidney, adrenal gland, paraaortic lymph nodes and renal fat tissue in a 9-year-old boy with tuberous sclerosis are reported. Angiomyolipomas are benign mesenchymal tumours that often occur together with tuberous sclerosis. Renal cell carcinoma in an angiomyolipoma is rare. Multicentricity and lymph node involvement is not a sign of malignancy or metastatic disease. Radiological characteristics in CT and plain X-ray may help in the diagnosis. Characteristically, the renal lesions are asymptomatic. Patients with incidental symptom-free angiomyolipoma should be followed. In other patients with pain in the loin, or when a solid tumour cannot be confidently excluded, conservative surgery or nephrectomy should be performed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Kidney cancer and angiomyolipoma in lymphangiomyomatosis].

Lymphangiomyomatosis is an extremely rare benign disease characterized by extensive proliferation of smooth muscle cells within lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. While 10-15% of all patients show concomitant renal angiomyolipomas, no association so far has been reported with renal cell carcinoma. We present a case with coincident lymphangiomyomatosis, renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyolipoma. The possible underlying pathogenesis is discussed. Classifying lymphangiomyomatosis as a "forme fruste" of tuberous sclerosis allows postulation of a common pathogenesis for all three entities.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for a clustered genomic organization of FAX-zinc finger protein encoding transcription units in Xenopus laevis.

Finger associated box-zinc finger proteins (FAX-ZFPs) constitute a subfamily of the many C2H2 type ZFPs in Xenopus laevis. FAX is a highly conserved protein domain connected to variable zinc finger clusters. Three different FAX-ZFPs encoding genomic fragments were isolated and subjected to a detailed structural characterization. All three exhibit a common, highly conserved exon/intron organization, with the variant zinc finger clusters organized in a single exon for each gene analysed. Two of the three genomic fragments contain a second FAX-ZFP encoding (partial) transcription unit each. Further evidence for a clustered organization of FAX-ZFP transcription units is provided by Southern blot analysis of large genomic restriction fragments separated by transverse field gel electrophoresis, and by in situ hybridization on intact chromosomes. Comparative sequence analysis of the genes isolated reveals an exceptional degree of DNA sequence conservation in both exon and intron regions in one part of the FAX encoding region, suggesting that recent gene conversion has led to the combination of these sequence elements with DNA segments including regions encoding variant zinc finger clusters. Overexpression of the FAX domain by itself or of a full-length FAX-ZFP in X. laevis embryos by means of mRNA injection does not interfere with the normal developmental program, suggesting general and not cell specific/regulatory functions for X. laevis FAX-ZFPs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

PCR-dependent amplification and sequence characterization of partial cDNAs encoding myosin-like proteins in Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw. and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

Partial cDNAs encoding for myosin-like proteins from Anemia phyllitidis and Arabidopsis thaliana have been isolated using PCR technology. The deduced amino acid sequences show an average similarity up to 62% with known myosin heavy chain genes. From northern blot analysis we were able to estimate that transcripts of ca. 6.1 kb size are expressed in A. phyllitidis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Apnea testing for the determination of brain death: a modified protocol. Technical note.

The absence of spontaneous respirations at a PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg or above has traditionally been accepted as the respiratory criteria for the determination of brain death. The testing of patients for the presence or absence of apnea has been complicated because the rate of PaCO2 elevation may vary substantially from patient to patient, and a nonlinear relationship exists between the rate of PaCO2 increase and the duration of apnea. In an attempt to refine the apnea test and to further elucidate the physiology of hypercapnia in humans, 11 patients who met all but the respiratory criteria for brain death were evaluated using a modification of a previously utilized apnea testing protocol. All patients were brought to a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg or above prior to the apnea test. Baseline PaCO2 ranged from 40 to 45 mm Hg in six patients (Group I) and from 46 to 51 mm Hg in five patients (Group II). The mean rate of PaCO2 increase was 5.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg/min in Group I and 6.7 +/- 3.1 mm Hg/min in Group II. No problems with cardiovascular instability or hypoxia were encountered during testing in this series. This refinement of the apnea test allows for a streamlined and safe approach to brain death detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Obstructive uropathy after kidney transplantation. Experiences with endourologic incision of ureteral stenoses].

Between 1985 und March 1991 we have managed 8 upper urinary tract obstructions in kidney transplants using an endourological approach. After a graft rejection was excluded an obstruction was initially diagnosed by nephrosonography and further confirmed by IVP or antegrade pyelography. To investigate the urodynamic relevance of the stenosis, all patients underwent preoperative diuretic isotope renography. In all cases a percutaneous pyelostomy was done to preserve renal function. 7 of these 8 patients demonstrated a stenosis of the ureter, while in one case, the obstruction was caused by a coagulum in the renal pelvis. Incision of the stricture then was performed with a flexible knife antegrade or retrograde and stented for 4-6 weeks. In 6 out of 7 cases with a proven stenosis of the ureter, the cold knife incision lead to a successful outcome, while in one patient, the kidney had to be removed due to uncontrolled bleeding 12 days after successful percutaneous incision. Our results indicate, that the cold-knife-technique for the management of upper urinary tract obstructions in kidney transplants is a promising, fast and in most of the cases effective method. Due to its minimalinvasive character and excellent results, this approach is able to replace open reintervention in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Herpes simplex virus type 1 long-term persistence, latency, and reactivation in infected Burkitt lymphoma cells.

The two herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strains F and AK which differ in virus-cell interaction and in DNA organization, were used to establish persistently productive infections in Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell lines BJAB and Raji. Four such lines could be maintained over a period of three years. Like the uninfected parental lines, the persistently infected cells display a cyclic pattern of cell proliferation. The expression of HSV-1-specific antigens proved to be variable. As a consequence, virus yields also vary within a subcultivation period. Pooled human HSV antisera, when continuously present, suppress virus production (inducible latency) and support cell proliferation to higher rates. By contrast, removal of the antiserum after a certain period of cultivation leads to virus reactivation with a delay of 8 to 20 days. After cultivation periods of more than 3 to 12 weeks, replacement of HSV antiserum does no longer result in virus reactivation and even inducers fail to reactivate.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

The cold-knife technique for endourological management of stenoses in the upper urinary tract.

Between 1985 and October 1989 we managed 13 patients with primary and 43 with secondary obstruction of the upper urinary tract with the endourological cold-knife technique. We treated 26 patients with stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction, 9 with infundibular stenosis, 12 with ureteral obstruction after inflammation or radiation therapy, 7 with stricture of the ureter in kidney transplants and 2 with stenosis of the ureter after ureterosigmoidostomy. Endourological management was successful in 42 of 56 cases with a decrease or total elimination of obstruction. Stenosis recurred in 9 patients. Our results indicate that the cold-knife technique should be attempted as the initial approach in all cases of primary or secondary obstruction of the upper urinary tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Complicated urinary tract infections.

Complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are defined as those infections causing severe complications, such as urosepsis, renal scarring, and end-stage renal disease. Major complicating factors are infection stones, infected atrophic kidney, renal papillary necrosis, indwelling catheters, and other causes of bacterial persistence, as well as vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract obstruction in recurrent UTI. Operative therapy is mandatory in all types of persistent UTI besides chronic bacterial prostatitis, as well as in UTI associated with urinary tract obstruction. Recurrent UTI complicated by vesicoureteral reflux, on the other hand, should be managed conservatively.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1991

[Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. Diagnosis and therapy based on a case report].

Micturition difficulties associated with unstable hypertension, tachycardia and profuse sweating could be a sign of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. Of all pheochromocytomas, 10-36% are located extradrenally, in which case they are also referred to as paragangliomas, and 1-3% are found in the urinary bladder. The case history of a 44-year-old female patient with typical symptoms is described. Diagnosis required not only CT, NMR, excretory urography and MIBG scintigraphy, but also hormonal analyses. Histology reveals malignancy in up to 20%; it is thought that focal invasions of tumor into vessels and destruction of connective tissue might be pathognomonic. A precise history and careful diagnosis are necessary before a pheochromocytoma of the bladder can be disclosed and treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term results in the treatment of metastasizing kidney carcinoma using recombinant alpha-2 or gamma interferon].

To evaluate whether response to alpha-2- or gamma-interferon in metastatic renal cell carcinoma is associated with a prolonged survival, we studied a total of 65 patients being treated in two phase-II- or phase-III-trials between 1984 and 1986 with one of these interferons. After a median follow-up of 3 years for the alpha-interferon-treated patients and of more than 4 years for gamma-interferon-therapy, respectively, there is a significantly increased duration of survival for patients showing an objective response or stabilisation of the disease due to either therapy compared to those with continuing progression. Therapy with alpha-interferon leading to objective remissions in 26% or with gamma-interferon with an objective response rate of 36% therefore is beneficial for responding patients and can be performed with moderate side effects on an out-patient basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Use of electronic data processing at a urologic polyclinic--a program packet for recording and evaluating data of specialized consultations].

A software package was developed for computerized recording and processing of clinical data in a urological out-patient clinic. In a pilot study this program proved to be useful for the rapid evaluation of all important clinical and laboratory results of patients with renal cell carcinoma, and its use also accelerated the preparation of medical reports. The experience gained in this initial project shows that the application of this newly developed concept of data processing can easily be extended to routine out-patient followup in other special areas within the field of oncology.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of metastatic kidney cancer with recombinant alpha-2 or gamma interferon. Results of 2 clinical phase II and III studies].

In a phase-II and a phase-III study patients with histopathologically documented metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated either with gamma-interferon in two different doses (100 micrograms/m2 3x/week for 4 h i.v. every other week or 500 micrograms/m2 5x/week for 24 h i.v. every other week) or with alpha-2-interferon alone (18 x 10(6) U 3x/week weekly i.m.) or in combination with vinblastine (0.1 mg/kg every third week i.v.). The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the response rate, the duration of response, the survival, the efficacy and the toxicity of the different forms of treatment. The overall response rate to gamma-interferon was 30% in both regimens. The response rate of treatment with alpha-2-interferon was found to be 31%. The duration of response ranged between 2 and 34+ months in patients treated with gamma-interferon and between 2 and 24+ months in those receiving alpha-2-interferon. Patients with objective tumor response showed a significantly longer survival than those not responding (p = 0.0056). Low-dose-gamma-interferon and alpha-2-interferon treatment could be easily done on an outpatient basis. In conclusion, interferon treatment seems to be of value in the therapy of patients with well documented progressive disease in metastatic renal cell cancer.

Adult↗