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Biomedical subjects

S Coleman

Publications and source records attributed to S Coleman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An overview of the oral complications of adult patients with malignant haematological conditions who have undergone radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

The aim of this review is to look at mouth-care in adult patients with malignant haematological conditions and in particular those with disturbed immunity or bone marrow depression due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The oral assessment tools available will be discussed. Different products used and research to support their use will be examined, as well as any staging systems for their introduction to the patient's schedule. The awareness of the nurses who use them will also be investigated. Patient education has been found to be the most important aspect of mouth-care in the haematology patient undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Further research into the area of developing a specific tool for use with haematology patients with oral problems is highlighted here, as is further liaison with dental hygienists. Aspects of this review may apply more generally to other patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reducing work-related back injuries.

A centralized educational program: 1) increases awareness of prevention of back injury, 2) decreases the cost of workers' compensation claims resulting from work-related back injury/pain, 3) decreases the amount of employee sick time taken because of back pain, 4) increases work productivity through proper ergonomics, and 5) teaches staff members to take care of their backs at home and at work. A descriptive study, and tracking of reported back-injury cases and the cost per claim, evaluates the program's efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1994

Computer-aided diagnosis and treatment planning.

As computers slowly permeate our dental practices, it becomes obvious that we have a choice: either accept and embrace this technology in order to survive, if not prosper, or we can reject it and sit on the sidelines and get left behind. Using a new patient examination scenario, five different types of computer-aided technology are explored. The clinical application of each piece of equipment is the focus. Extraoral video imaging, intraoral imaging, voice-activated periodontal charting, digital radiographs, and complete office management systems are discussed.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1993

Photoreceptors regulating circadian behavior: a mouse model.

Our recent studies have examined circadian photoreception in mice with hereditary retinal disorders (rd/rd and rds/rds). Despite the loss of visual function in these mice, circadian responses to light remain unaffected. Using c-fos expression within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as a marker of neural activation of the circadian entrainment pathway, we have found identical levels of Fos in the SCN of rd/rd and +/+ mice in response to retinal illumination. On the basis of action spectrum studies, and measurements of photopigment retinoids using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we believe that the photopigment mediating circadian responses to light is based upon an opsin, and that 11-cis-retinaldehyde is the photopigment chromophore. Preliminary measurements of mouse rod opsin, blue cone, and green-red cone opsin messenger RNA in retinally degenerate mice suggest that none of these opsins is exclusively used to mediate circadian responses to light. Collectively, our data suggest that circadian photoreception can be maintained by a very small number of rod or cone cells without outer segments, or, alternatively, is performed by an unrecognized class of photoreceptive cell within the mammalian retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The Sauvé-Kapandji operation. Technique and results.

For distal radio-ulnar joint disorders, the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure, previously attributed to Lauenstein, of arthrodesis of the joint and distal ulnar pseudarthrosis is a very useful procedure, yet is not often practised. This paper describes the technique and presents the results of 81 procedures in 71 patients. There was excellent patient satisfaction. The procedure is a reliable and effective method of dealing with distal radio-ulnar joint disorders, especially in rheumatoid arthritis and following distal radial fractures. Some changes to previous techniques are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Three-dimensional reconstruction of human juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA).

A three-dimensional and morphological study of the human JGA was undertaken to establish a background for understanding the changes in this vital apparatus during various physiological and pathological conditions. Three-dimensional reconstruction was carried out using a computer program "GLOM". Serial sections of normal human kidneys were used after staining with specific human renin antiserum. Three-dimensional reconstruction revealed renin-positive cells in the afferent and efferent arterioles and interlobular arteries away from the JGA area. A close contact was demonstrated between renin-positive cells and the macula densa. The frequency of positively stained JGAs was significantly higher in the superficial glomeruli compared to the deep glomeruli. The high renin content of the superficial glomeruli suggests higher generation of angiotensin, which may contribute to the regulation of the GFR as proposed by other workers. This preliminary study on normal human JGA is to be extended to hypertensive and renal failure patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comprehensive patient care and documentation through unit-based nursing rounds.

Unit-based nursing rounds is an advanced practice educational program implemented through collaboration between a unit-based clinical nurse specialist and an education nurse specialist. The purpose of this program is to provide an informal, time efficient means of teaching staff nurses during work hours. The format emphasizes utilization of the nursing process through presentation of selected case studies. The goal is to enhance incorporation of a nursing model into patient care planning to ensure comprehensive patient care and documentation. Each phase of coordinating, implementing, and evaluating this educational program will be reviewed.

Communication↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional reconstruction of juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) in five-sixth nephrectomized rats.

In Wistar male rats, hypertension was induced by five-sixth nephrectomy (5/6N). Body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) were followed for 12 weeks after 5/6N. Three-dimensional reconstruction and morphometry of the JGA were carried out using a computer program "GLOM". Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the JGA were also investigated. A statistically significant increase in SBP was shown after 5/6N. However, PRC showed no increase and was not correlated with SBP. Renin-containing cells were demonstrated in the afferent and efferent arterioles and the interlobular arteries. Electron microscopy revealed granules of various shapes, sizes and electron densities within the JG cell. The frequency of granulated cells in the efferent arteriole was less than that in the afferent arteriole. The afferent arteriole wall volume of 5/6N rats was significantly increased and positively correlated with SBP. The lack of relationship between PRC and SBP in this model suggests that mechanisms other than the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of mouse mammary ductal morphogenesis and down-regulation of the EGF receptor by epidermal growth factor.

EGF, initially demonstrated to be a potent mitogen for a variety of cell types, has more recently been shown to inhibit proliferation of several cell lines. Few studies, however, have addressed the effects of EGF on growth and morphogenesis of tissues in vivo, particularly with regard to EGF as a possible inhibitor. We now demonstrate that EGF treatment of vigorously growing mammary ducts, administered directly to the glands by slow release plastic implants, inhibited normal ductal growth. Inhibition was restricted to the region around the implant and untreated glands in the same animal were normal, indicating direct effects of EGF. EGF-treated end buds were smaller and demonstrated reduced levels of DNA synthesis, although remnants of a stem (cap) cell layer persisted. Full inhibition of growth occurred within 3 days of implantation and required extended exposure to EGF, since treatment of 5 hr or less had no effect on ductal growth. At the lower inhibitory doses tested, growth resumed within 8 days, indicating reversibility of inhibition. No lobuloalveolar or hyperplastic response was seen. 125I-EGF autoradiography revealed that ductal growth inhibition was preceded by the disappearance of EGF receptors located in the cap cell layer of the end bud epithelium and in stromal cells adjacent to the buds. These results, in conjunction with our previous evidence demonstrating the growth-stimulatory effect by EGF on nonproliferating mammary ducts, suggest a growth regulatory role for EGF in mouse mammary ductal morphogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Epithelium-dependent extracellular matrix synthesis in transforming growth factor-beta 1-growth-inhibited mouse mammary gland.

Exogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta 1) was shown in earlier studies to reversibly inhibit mouse mammary ductal growth. Using small plastic implants to treat regions of developing mammary glands in situ, we now report that TGF-beta 1 growth inhibition is associated with an ectopic accumulation of type I collagen messenger RNA and protein, as well as the glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate. Both macromolecules are normal components of the ductal extracellular matrix, which, under the influence of exogenous TGF-beta 1, became unusually concentrated immediately adjacent to the epithelial cells at the tip of the ductal growth points, the end buds. Stimulation of extracellular matrix was confined to aggregations of connective tissue cells around affected end buds and was not present around the TGF-beta 1 implants themselves, indicating that the matrix effect was epithelium dependent. Ectopic matrix synthesis was specific for TGF-beta 1 insofar as it was absent at ducts treated with other growth inhibitors, or at ducts undergoing normal involution in response to endogenous regulatory processes. These findings are consistent with the matrix-stimulating properties of TGF-beta 1 reported for other systems, but differ in their strict dependence upon epithelium. A possible role for endogenous TGF-beta 1 in modulating a mammary epithelium-stroma interaction is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Peritoneal cytology as a prognostic indicator in endometrial carcinoma.

Among the prognostic indicators of endometrial carcinoma, the presence of cancer cells in peritoneal washings has been suggested as indicating a poor prognosis. This proposition was examined for 373 patients; positive peritoneal washings were observed in 20 of 335 patients with stage I disease and 10 of 29 with stages II-IV. In 13 of the 30 patients there was no gross evidence of disease. Within a follow-up period of two years, positive cytology appeared to be a sign of poor prognosis.

Cytological Techniques↗