The cardiorespiratory effects of obesity.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Biomedical subjects
S Chokroverty
Publications and source records attributed to S Chokroverty.
Electrophysiological study of hemiplegia. Motor nerve conduction velocity, brachial plexus latency, and electromyography.
Motor nerve conduction velocities of the ulnar and common peroneal but not the median nerves were substantially reduced in the affected limbs in a series of hemiplegic patients. Slowing of conduction velocity of the common peroneal nerve was related to the reduction of skin temperature in the hemiplegic limbs. Brachial plexus latencies to biceps and deltoid muscles were longer in the affected than in the unaffected sides in five of 12 hemiplegic patients. Electromyograms (EMGs) of limb muscles showed absence of spontaneous activity in 83% of patients. Spontaneous EMG activities in 12 of the 13 patients were related to an associated subclinical neuropathy or plexopathy in the involved limbs. Entrapment andtraction causing subclinical or clinical neuropathy or radiculopathy may be present in some hemiplegic patients.
Adult↗
Effect of prednisolone on motor end-plate fine structure: a morphometric study in hamsters.
The fine structure of quadriceps motor end-plates in hamsters was analyzed quantitatively one, two, four, seven, and thirty-two weeks following intraperitoneal injections of prednisolone. Except for transient increases in postsynaptic length and membrane profile concentration after prednisolone administration at dosages of 4 mgper kilogram of body weight for one week and 2 mg per kilogram for four weeks, mean values for various measurable profiles in the presynaptic and postsynaptic regions showed no significant differences between control and treated animals.
Animals↗
Periodic respiration in erect posture in Shy-Drager syndrome.
Tilt-table polygraphic study in four patients with Shy-Drager syndrome demonstrated periodic apnoea in the erect posture. In one patient reduced hypercapneic ventilatory response and necropsy findings of neuronal loss and astrocytosis in the pontine tegmentum suggested dysfunctional respiratory neurones in the brainstem. One patient had Cheyne-Stokes respiration during the late stage of the illness.
Apnea↗
Pure motor hemiplegia due to cerebral cortical infarction.
Although pure motor hemiplegia has not been reported after cerebral cortical infarction, occasional exceptions may occur. We provide three such examples. Necropsy study confirmed the site of lesion in one patient, and laboratory results (EEG and computerized axial tomography) suggested cortical involvement in the other two patients.
Adult↗
The syndrome of diabetic amyotrophy.
Changes in the electromyograms and motor nerve conduction velocities in 12 patients with diabetic amyotrophy suggested mild distal and moderate proximal neuropathy in the lower limbs. Histological and histochemical findings in the vastus medialis muscles were consistent with denervation. Electron microscopical examination of the vastus medialis muscles in 6 patients revealed myofibrillar degeneration. One patient had abnormal mitochondria and tubular aggregates. The basement membranes of the intramuscular capillaries were thickened in all but 1 patient. Histochemical staining of the myoneural junctions showed changes consistent with degeneration and regeneration. We conclude that diabetic amyotrophy is a distinct clinical entity and is secondary to metabolic derangement rather than diabetic microangiopathy.
Adult↗
Effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on muscle acetylcholinesterase and nonspecific esterase.
Acetylcholinesterases in the muscle homogenates of hamsters receiving ACTH intraperitoneally for six weeks were reduced as compared to the activities in the control samples. In polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of the ACTH-treated muscles some acetylcholinesterase bands were absent. These observations may be significant in explaining the ACTH-induced improvement in myasthenia gravis patients and in the pathophysiology of steroid myopathy.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Syndrome of agitated delirium and visual impairment: a manifestation of medial temporo-occipital infarction.
Three patients presented with sudden visual impairment followed by agitated delirium one to three days later. Examination revealed marked agitation, dementia, and loss of vision. Computerised axial tomography demonstrated temporo-occipital infarctions. All recovered from the agitated state in four days to two months, but their visual impairment and dementia persisted one to four years later.
Adult↗
Bruns-Garland syndrome of diabetic amyotrophy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Centronuclear myopathy in the newborn period causing severe respiratory distress.
Centronuclear myopathy can be classified into four clinical varieties based on age, severity at onset, and rapidity of progress. In the severe form with involvement of respiratory muscles at birth, the progress is rapid and fatal before 3 years of age. The case described in this report illustrates rapid progression of muscle paralysis and death in a neonate. However, in a majority of cases the disease is either moderately severe or mild with the affected individuals confined to wheel chair by adolescence or early adult life. Diagnosis of the disease is based on appropriate muscle histopathology and electron microscopic studies.
Humans↗
Hemiplegic amyotrophy. Muscle and motor point biopsy study.
Thirty hemiplegic patients had simple muscle atrophy with reduced mean muscle cross sectional areas (predominantly type II fiber atrophy) and complex, multiple, or enlarged subneural apparatuses, many of which resembled subhuman endplates. Ultrastructural observations in a few patients revealed nonspecific responses of damage to sarcolemma and myofibrils. There was no correlation between structural changes and alteration of tone, sensory impairment, or site of lesion. We propose that hemiplegic amyotrophy results from a combination of disuse, loss of central "trophic" influence, and transsynaptic degeneration.
Hemiplegia↗
Localized myokymia caused by peripheral nerve injury.
One year after a gunshot wound in the popliteal fossa, a 30-year-old man began to experience cramps and myokymia in the left gastrocnemius muscle. Myokymia was characterized by vermicular fibrillary movements localized to the gastrocnemius muscle and accompanied by plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the toes. Neurologic examination, nerve conduction velocities, electromyograms, and muscle biopsy findings showed affection of left common peroneal and posterior tibial nerves. The myokymia disappeared during sleep, spinal anesthesia, and treatment with carbamazepine.
Adult↗
Progressive dialytic encephalopathy.
A subacutely progressive dialytic encephalopathy lasting for three to 15 months in 11 patients who had been on haemodialysis for 14 to 36 months was characterized by dementia, language disorder, myoclonic jerks, behavioural disturbance, distinctive EEG abnormalities, and normal or nonspecific neuropathological findings.
Adult↗
Thalamic neuroaxonal dystrophy and dementia in Hodgkin's disease.
The brain of a patient with Hodgkin's disease and dementia showed numerous dystrophic axons in the thalamus. In absence of lymphomatous cellular infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, demyelination, neuronal loss, or infection by opportunistic organisms, the axonal dystrophy in this patient appeared to be directly related to the Hodgkin's disease itself. Moreover, dementia as a nonmetastatic complication of Hodgkin's disease may have been the result of the thalamic axonal dystrophy.
Adult↗
Viruslike particles in granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system.
Neuropathologic examination of the brain of a 67-year-old woman with a 5-month history of progressive multiple neurologic deficits showed granulomatous angiitis of the small parenchymal and leptomeningeal blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord. Electron microscopy of formalin-fixed brain disclosed intranuclear viruslike particles resembling herpesvirus. Although definitive proof cannot be established without further virologic tests, this previously unreported finding suggests that some cases of granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system may result from viral infection.
Aged↗
Myxedema myopathy and myasthenia.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Pure motor hemiplegia due to pyramidal infarction.
A 77-year-old man suddenly developed left hemiplegia without sensory impairment, visual or speech difficulties, loss of consciousness, or ataxia. He died one month later of pulmonary embolism, and a cystic infarction in the right medullary pyramid was the only lesion in the corticospinal system.
Aged↗
Motor nerve conduction study in patients on diphenylhydantoin therapy.
Mean motor conduction velocity of posterior tibial nerves was significantly reduced in epileptic patients treated with diphenylhydantoin formore than 10 years or in patients with serum diphenylhydantoin level above 20 mug/ml. Subnormal serum folate was not responsible for this reduction and clinical peripheral neuropathy was infrequent.
Adolescent↗