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Biomedical subjects

S Charles

Publications and source records attributed to S Charles.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Bimanual, bipolar intraocular diathermy.

We performed bimanual, bipolar intraocular diathermy by using a No. 22 disposable needle and a vitrectomy instrument. The technique required a smaller wound than unimanual bipolar cautery and was combined with membrane peeling techniques. The bipolar technique limited the extent of coagulation effects better than unipolar diathermy methods.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1975

Mechanical syringe drive for vitreous surgery.

A mechanical syringe drive permits one-handed, precise control of the suction force at the time of vitrectomy, is autoclavable, utilizes disposable syringes, and can be operated by surgeon or assistant.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

A chin-operated switch for motorized three-axis microscopic movement.

A chin-operated switch was developed to permit control of motorized operating microscope movement simultaneously along three axes. It permits use of both feet to operate surgical modalities, decreases microscope positioning time, and decreases needless hand movements.

Microscopy↗
PubMed1975

Children as passengers in automobiles: the neglected minority on the nation's highways.

The federal government is urging states to enact legislation requiring that safety belts be worn. Small children are excluded from this requirement. Following the neonatal period, the motor vehicle poses the greatest single threat to a child's life. Contrary to popular belief, more small children are killed and injured inside the vehicle than outside. The marjority of children now ride in cars unprotected or inadequately protected. Standard safety belts are unsuitable for small children. Special devices capable of distributing collision forces over a large body area should be used. Original children's car "safety" seats were not intended to protect their occupants in a crash. These seats became subject to a government safety standard in April 1971. Shortly after this standard came into effect it was shown to be grossly inadequate in ensuring crash protection. A proposal for revising current safety criteria was issued in March 1974--to be implemented in September 1975. A number of progressive companies have developed crashworthy devices. As public awareness is being awakened, manufacturers are begining to find that "safety" sells. Child crash protection has not escaped the attention of safety experts whose writings are reviewed, but it is shown that lack of parent awareness and concern can be directly related to sparse and often inaccurate and incomplete information available. Many popular child care books ignore the subject entirely. Because correct use of devices is of such critical importance, instructions detailing what parents must do should be prominently displayed on a permanent label attached to the device. Observation of car seats in use confirms that correct installation of the device itself and/or proper securement of the child within the device in the exception rather than the rule. The development of child restraints is of recent date. It is essential to keep abreast of advances made in the field. Earlier recommendations may be superseded by more recent research findings. It has been found that parents are most receptive to new ideas prior to and immediately following the birth of a new baby. In-hospital instruction of expectant and new parents is showing promising results. There is an urgent need for pediatricians to become involved in this vital area of "preventive medicine".

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsurgical instrumentation for vitrectomy: Part II.

The rapid progress in the field of vitrectomy since its recent commencement may be clearly related to the development of microsurgical instrumentation for vitrectomy. In the early 1970s, a number of vitrectomy instruments were introduced in close succession. The experiences gained from this first generation of products were quickly fed back to make modifications and improvements for a second generation of products. Guillotine action cutters and bimanual concepts, for example, became the preferred norm. Concurrently, various instrument systems were developed to satisfy procedures of which vitrectomy is a part. The system concept is still evolving as this new discipline matures.

Equipment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of Beck's hopelessness scale. Validation and factor analysis].

The validation study and factorial analysis of the Beck's hopelessness scale is presented. Two groups were compared including patients suffering from depression (n = 100) and a control group (n = 93). Age and sex were comparable in the two groups. The hopelessness scale is valid, and differentiates depressive patients from control subjects. The scale has a good reliability (test-retest, r = .81) and a good internal consistency (alpha = .97) for depressive subjects and alpha = .79 for control subjects). It also shows a good concurrent validity with other scales assessing depressive cognitions, the automatic thoughts questionnaire, the dysfunctional attitudes scale (form A) and a scale assessing the suicidal risk (ERSD). No concurrent validity is found with scales assessing the intensity of depression, the Beck depression inventory and the Hamilton scale. The factorial analysis elicits a general factor, accounting for 38.15% of the variance, and reflecting negative feelings about the future. The study of all the factorial analysis shows the stability of the factorial structure.

Adult↗