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Biomedical subjects

S Chambers

Publications and source records attributed to S Chambers.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ex vivo selective isolation of young red blood cells using the IBM-2991 cell washer.

Transfusion-induced hemochromatosis is a major complication in the therapy of severe chronic anemia. Improvement of transfused cell survival with a reduction in transfusion frequency is one possible approach to this problem. Using continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC), young red blood cells (YRBC) with enhanced in vivo survival have been isolated, but the expense and donor time required with this technique prohibit its widespread use for patient support. We studied the use of the IBM 2991 cell washer (CW) to isolate YRBC ex vivo from previously collected donor blood. Age-dependent red cell separation could be achieved using this instrumentation. Autologous mean red cell half-life (RBC-T50) (n = 9) for the younger cell fractions was 43.9 +/- 7.8 days compared to 34.7 +/- 5.8 days for the older cell fractions (n = 6, p less than 0.05). Paired measurement of RBC-T50 for young and old fractions in three donors showed an average survival increase of 41% for the YRBC. Adequate quantities of YRBC with enhanced survival can be obtained with less cost and less donor stress using the CW system compared to CFC. This approach could improve the management of patients with chronic transfusion requirements and merits further examination.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1982

Assignment of the structural gene for the third component of human complement to chromosome 19.

The third component of complement (C3) is synthesized and secreted by cultured human primary fibroblasts. A monoclonal antibody having specificity for an antigenic determinant carried by human but not mouse C3 was used to study the continued expression of human C3 in three panels of independently derived human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Expression of the human product was shown to segregate with human chromosome 19 and with no other chromosome or group of chromosomes. A unique-sequence human genomic C3 DNA clone was isolated and used as a probe in DNA hybridization experiments with DNA prepared from appropriate human-mouse somatic cell hybrids to confirm assignment of the human C3 gene to chromosome 19.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1982

Introduction of a human X-6 translocation chromosome into a mouse teratocarcinoma: investigation of control of HLA-A, B, C expression.

We have developed an approach to human developmental biology which exploits somatic cell genetics. With this system we have examined the production of the HLA-A,B,C antigens, A human-mouse somatic cell hybrid was constructed which contained a human X-7 chromosome translocation carrying the HLA region; this hybrid was used as a donor of the X-6 translocation in the technique of microcell transfer. The X-6 chromosome recipient was the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC4. The microcell hybrid MCP-6 retained the embryonal carcinoma phenotype as judged by shape and absence of H-2 expression. Nonetheless, the expression of the HLA-A,B,C genes was not extinguished. HLA-A,B,C antigen production of the cell surface, however, was not detected because this hybrid apparently could not make beta 2-microglobulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Inhaled powder compared with aerosol administration of fenoterol in asthmatic children.

Fenoterol as a powdered inhalation was shown to have a longer and stronger bronchodilator effect than the same dose inhaled from a standard metered dose aerosol in a double-blind double-placebo controlled cross-over study in 13 severely asthmatic children. The powder method of administration is free from many of the disadvantages of pressurised aerosols and may prove the method of choice in childhood.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

Subtotal thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis: a reassessment, including TRH responsiveness.

Thyroid function was assessed in patients treated surgically for thyrotoxicosis in Christchurch between 1965 and 1972. Seventy-eight of the 89 thyrotoxic patients were available for reassessment. Seventy-one were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Seven patients had received radioiodine therapy for post-operative relapse and 10 patients were receiving thyroxine replacement therapy. At the time of the survey five patients were clinically thyrotoxic and two patients were hypothyroid and an additional nine patients had grossly elevated TSH levels. TRH tests performed on 31 clinically euthyroid patients with normal baseline thyroid parameters demonstrated that more than a third had excessive TSH responses consistent with reduced thyroid reserve and only one patient showed a lack of response consistent with persistent thyroid autonomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Short-lived messenger RNA in HeLa cells and its impace on the kinetics of accumulation of cytoplasmic polyadenylate.

Accumulation of [3H]adenine in the acid-soluble pool and in nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A) of HeLa cells shows that the nuclear poly(A) rises along a curve similar to that of the acid-soluble pool. By use of a [3H]guanosine pulse-chase experiment in adenine-grown cells, at least 35-50% of the pulse-labeled mRNA was found to have a half-life of about 1-2 hr. A mathematical model involving nuclear poly(A) synthesis and conservative transport to the cytoplasm has been derived from the new information about mRNA with a short half-life. This model predicts curves similar to those found for nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation of poly(A). Thus, there is no necessity on kinetic grounds to invoke either nuclear turnover or cytoplasmic synthesis of poly(A).

Adenine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent orf in an immunocompromised host.

A 30-year-old farmer with Nezelof's syndrome developed a giant orf on his hand. Recurrence followed surgical excision. Three excisions and split skin grafts were required before its eradication. He re-presented 8 years later with a further orf on the finger of his opposite hand. This lesion had not grown to the exuberant proportion of the previous lesion, but it defied repeated excisions, and various medical therapies including idoxuridine, interferon and transfer factor. Excision with hypochlorite dressings perioperatively and delayed split skin grafting led to eventual eradication.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responsibility of the infectious disease community for optimal use of antibiotics: views of the membership of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

A questionnaire was sent to 1,500 members and fellows of the Infectious Diseases Society of American to elicit their views on the use of antimicrobial agents. The rate of return was 58.7%. A high proportion of respondents (86.8%) stated that they had a strong professional interest in antimicrobial therapy and were active in infection control and antibiotic use in their institutions--488 hospitals including community, university, children's, and governmental facilities. The membership was concerned with problems of antibiotic use in hospitals, laboratory methods of reporting susceptibility, promotional practices of industry, and development of microbial resistance. Members were troubled by how best to deal with excessive use of antibiotics in hospitals. Respondents strongly supported efforts to improve the control of antimicrobial use in hospitals and to examine issues of drug use and resistance in developing countries; they provided suggestions for development of a code of ethical conduct with industry.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing diagnosis in learning disabilities nursing.

The concept of nursing diagnosis and the relevance of individual diagnostic terms from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) (1992) Classification Taxonomy 1-Revised are discussed in the context of learning disabilities nursing. The NANDA system of nursing diagnoses was implemented at an adult training centre with a client group who had a severe or profound learning disability. The diagnostic terms used to describe the phenomena found in everyday practice are identified. Due to the inadequacy of the NANDA term 'impaired verbal communication', a new nursing diagnosis, 'impaired non-verbal communication', is suggested. A method of recording nursing practice is used which shows client outcomes through diagnostic modifiers (a modifier denotes a change in the nursing diagnosis) over measured time periods. The value of a generic classification of diagnoses is demonstrated in a systematic approach to learning disabilities nursing practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induced hypothermia for head injury.

Normal and altered pathophysiology of the brain are discussed. Mechanisms of cerebral protection by induced hypothermia are outlined. Current research on induced hypothermia for brain injury is summarised. Nursing implications for the care of these patients are considered including ethical, monitoring and health and safety issues.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intra-abdominal lymphatic malformation.

Intra-abdominal lymphangioma is a rare congenital lymphatic vascular malformation. It is found, most commonly, in adult patients who present with abdominal pain, and whom medical imaging (ultrasound, endoscopy and tomography) reveals a cystic intra-abdominal mass. Such masses may be on the mesentery, in contact with abdominal viscera or may be part of the visceral wall. Diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphangioma is difficult because of its rarity, and because other pathologies may have the same radiological signs. The diagnosis is confirmed by anatomopathological examination with immunohistochemistry. The treatment is complete surgical excision, in order to prevent recurrence.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗