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Biomedical subjects

S Cavaliere

Publications and source records attributed to S Cavaliere.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of Nd-Yag laser vitreolysis on lens and vitreous prostaglandins in the rabbit eye.

This study concerns the quantitative modifications of the prostaglandins, PGF alpha e PGE2, in the vitreous and in the lens following the application of Nd-Yag Laser. Five minutes after the Yag-laser treatment, an increase of PGF1 alpha concentration of PGE2 decreased in the lens and increased in the vitreous. These changes, similar to those occurring in the aqueous humor, may be related to the activation of specific enzymatic pathways of prostaglandin synthesis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[Use of propofol during laser therapy of the tracheobronchial tract].

Anesthesia of the tracheobronchial (TB) pathways during laser therapy (LT) faces a variety of problems including analgesia and sedation in patients with respiratory difficulties or who continue to breathe spontaneously while the airways are occupied by operating instruments. During the course of the study, two methods of anesthesia were compared in 36 patients undergoing LT of the TB pathways. The first method (Group A, n = 16) involved the use of Diazepam as an hypnotic starter and Fentanyl as an opioid analgesic in continuous infusion. Propofol was used both as an inducer and as the main drug in the second method (Group B, n = 20) in order to reduce the opioid dose required. The following variables were studied: heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood gas analytic parameters, side-effects such as cough and intraoperative movement, and disturbances of heart rhythm and conduction; in addition, the duration of operations and the time taken to regain consciousness were recorded, together with the total dose of Fentanyl used. An improved hematosis was observed in patients treated with Propofol during the operation and on regaining consciousness, and the time taken to regain consciousness was significantly reduced. No significant differences were observed between the two groups with regard to cardiocirculatory variables or undesirable effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of hyaluronic acid fractions in the rabbit eye.

Two fractions of hyaluronic acid with different molecular weight (Ial, molecular weight 500,000-730,000 and Healon, molecular weight 750,000) were injected intracamerally or intravitreously in the rabbit eye. Although the fraction with higher molecular weight caused an increase in intraocular pressure, no change of this parameter was found after administration of the fraction with the lower molecular weight. Furthermore, various inflammatory reactions in ocular tissues were observed during slit-lamp biomicroscopy after administration of Healon but not of Ial. No inflammatory reaction was found after subchronic instillation of the compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Aging related changes of neurotransmitters in the visual system.

Different neurotransmitter systems in the retina and optic nerve can be modified during aging. An increase in GABA and dopamine receptor density in the retina of senescent rats has been demonstrated. Lack of data exists on the aging-related changes in optic nerve neurotransmitters. However, it is possible that neurotransmitter changes in the optic nerve at the lateral geniculate nucleus are similar to those in other areas of central nervous system.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Nd:YAG laser bronchoscopy. A five-year experience with 1,396 applications in 1,000 patients.

We treated 1,000 patients with the Nd:YAG laser. The rigid bronchoscope was used in 1,280 (92 percent) of the treatments, with patients almost always under general anesthesia; 116 (8 percent) treatments were performed with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope alone, with the use of local anesthesia. In almost all cases of benign tumors and in many carcinoid tumors, the treatment was curative. In genuine nonmalignant tracheal stenoses, laser therapy was curative in 34 out of 81 cases. In malignant tumors, the laser improved airway gauge 92 percent of the time. Cumulative survival was 50 percent (+/- 3 percent) at six months and 26 percent (+/- 3 percent) at one year. Following palliative laser therapy, eight patients with bronchogenic carcinoma appearing to be inoperable did have surgery and ten underwent less extensive surgery than expected. Results confirm the usefulness and safety of this relatively new method in the treatment of obstructive lesions of the tracheobronchial tree.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Hyperprolactinaemia increases intraocular pressure in humans.

Nine female and 2 male hyperprolactinaemic patients (plasma prolactin levels averaging 180-420 ng/ml) were subjected to measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) either under basal conditions or after water load in comparison with 5 healthy volunteers. Basal values of IOP in hyperprolactinaemic patients were 37.8% higher than those of controls. Moreover, after water load hyperprolactinaemic patients showed a sustained increase in IOP that reached values of pathological significance. These results suggest that prolactin may contribute to the hormonal regulation of IOP in humans.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1986

[Radiologic procedures for directing laser therapy in obstructions of the upper respiratory tract].

172 patients affected by obstructive diseases (malignant or benign) of the trachea and/or main bronchi and admitted to the hospital for a laser treatment of the lesions, underwent radiological investigations. All patients underwent one or more of the following examinations: routine chest radiography, tomography of the trachea or bronchi, CT of the lungs and mediastinum with axial scans (eventually completed by frontal and sagittal reconstructions). The radiological approach was extremely useful for selecting cases which had to be treated by laser therapy; it permitted to get information about the lumen and the wall of the airways, and about their relationship with all surrounding structures. Moreover, the cases examined permitted the bronchologist to assert the value of the x-ray examinations, either for a correct evaluation of the respiratory situation immediately following the treatment, or for a long term follow-up on all those patients who were affected by recurrent lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and its related fragments on acquisition of active avoidance behavior.

The acquisition of active avoidance response was studied in rats injected intracerebroventricularly with calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH) or PTH-related fragments. PTH and PTH65-84 facilitated the acquisition of shuttle-box active avoidance behavior as indicated by the number of conditioned avoidance responses and the percentage of animals reaching the learning criterion. PTH1-34 and PTH44-68, on the contrary, inhibited the acquisition of active avoidance behavior, while CT totally suppressed this behavior in the rat. It is possible that the opposite effects of PTH and CT on learning ability of the rat depend on a different action on calcium metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Principles for safety in application of neodymium-YAG laser in bronchology.

The YAG laser is being used more often in cases of nonresectable bronchogenic cancer and in some cases is called on in lieu of surgery for tracheal stenosis. Patient safety hinges first on the endoscopist's technical skill and second on his understanding of the dangers involved in laser therapy. This report is based on experience gleaned from a 1,503 case series of endoscopic YAG laser treatments on 839 patients. These treatments were carried out by seven endoscopists in four teams using exactly the same equipment and techniques. In spite of the use of this high-risk technique in a high-risk patient population comprising a majority of major airways malignancy, the mortality rate was only 0.4 percent (six deaths: all in the postoperative period). We attribute this success to careful screening prior to resection, whenever possible, and above all to our methodology which not only emphasizes prevention but also enables rapid response.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurotensin-induced miosis: the role of dopaminergic pathways.

In this study we investigated the role that dopaminergic pathways play in the miotic effect exerted by neurotensin after intracameral administration. Neurotensin was injected into the anterior chamber (AC) at a dose of 30 micrograms to 4 groups of albino rabbits which had previously undergone the following treatment: a) desmethylimipramine IM and, after 30 min, 6-hydroxydopamine IV 7 days prior to the neurotensin administration; b) haloperidol IM for 15 days; c) haloperidol AC 10 minutes before the neurotensin administration. Our data confirm previous observations regarding the miotic activity of neurotensin and suggest that the dopaminergic system plays an important role in the miotic effect of neurotensin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological drawings in pneumology (author's transl)].

Microbiological examinations of the sputum for clinical purposes is often not satisfactory or useless. Suitability, chances of oropharyngeal contamination, hazards for the patients and clinical indications of the various drawing methods for tracheobronchial secretions and exudates are different. Transcutaneous tracheal aspiration is easy, reliable and safe.

Exudates and Transudates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation as a complication occurRing during rigid bronchoscopic laser therapy.

Laser bronchoscopy is a usually well tolerated procedure for the treatment of obstructive lesions on the tracheobronchial tree, with a very low morbidity and mortality rate. Cardiovascular complications, including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial ischemia, have only rarely been reported during laser bronchoscopy. Cardiac arrhythmias during such a procedure are usually well tolerated but occasionally may be life threatening. Here we report a case of a young, female patient affected by Pulmonary Tuberculosis with a cicatricial stenosis of the left main bronchus who developed an episode of prolonged cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (and no signs of acute myocardial ischemia) during rigid broncoscopic laser-therapy. Underlying Coronary Artery Disease and other cardiac abnormalities were also excluded by subsequent cardiovascular examination. The clinical implications are also discussed.

Adult↗