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Biomedical subjects

S Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to S Carroll.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Bioavailability of sustained-release theophylline granules in apple sauce in pediatric asthmatic patients.

To facilitate administration of sustained-release theophylline in pediatric patients fourteen children with asthma were studied using intact capsules versus the granular contents in apple sauce. In a cross-over study during multiple dose intervals the effectiveness of this administration technique was demonstrated for maintaining bioavailability and sustained-release characteristics.

Asthma↗
PubMed1979

Autoradiographic visualization of beta-adrenergic receptors in normal and denervated skeletal muscle.

Autoradiographic localization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat skeletal muscle in vivo was achieved utilizing [125I]-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, a potent beta-adrenergic blocker with high affinity and specificity for those receptors. In normal muscle the beta-adrenergic receptors were localized mainly to blood vessels, arterioles greater than venules, with much less concentration of grains over the fascicles of muscle fibers. One week after denervation there was an increase in binding both to blood vessels and muscle fibers, more so in soleus and gactrocnemius than in extensor digitorum longus. While these results parallel in vitro biochemical studies, they dictate caution when inferring cellular localization of beta-adrenergic receptors (and other molecules) solely on the basis of biochemical techniques applied to subcellular fractions of whole-organ homogenates.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Fatal adenovirus pneumonia in infants. Correlation of histologic and electron microscopic observations.

Many structures morphologically identical with adenovirions were found in large numbers in typically altered respiratory epithelial cells in 10-year-old sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin of 2 cases of a histologically unique type of fatal pneumonia in infancy. These observations confirm, beyond reasonable doubt, an etiologic role of adenoviruses in the initiation and development of this type of pneumonia. The technic used, which was a modification of one previously described, is given in detail, since such methods may be useful in solving other etiologic problems.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a fetal risk-scoring system.

A population of 2029 pregnant women (929 primiparas; 1100 multiparas) has been used to examine aspects of the calculation of obstetric risk scores from the presence of individual risk factors. The findings have been related to fetal outcome in these pregnancies and the following conclusions were reached: (1) the use of Bayes theorem for the calculation of a risk score is superior to the simple addition of weighted risk factors; (2) the diagnostic efficiency of a risk score is somewhat reduced when the data base used for calculation of the score is derived from a population different from that of the current pregnancy; (3) there is almost total overlap of risk scores in women with satisfactory and unsatisfactory fetal outcome. It is concluded that risk scores can be used to identify a small group of women at particularly high risk; in the remainder of the population scores are unhelpful except perhaps to indicate the women who do not require an intensive program of antenatal care.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational coronary heart disease among bridge and tunnel officers.

Traffic-control officers employed in New York City tunnels prior to 1981 have been at increased risk of mortality from coronary heart disease. In this study, the authors assessed current coronary heart disease prevalence and evaluated associations between coronary heart disease and occupational factors among New York City bridge and tunnel officers. A clinical cardiovascular disease surveillance and cross-sectional occupational epidemiologic study was conducted. The authors used comprehensive evaluations to identify current and prior incidences of coronary heart disease. Occupational risk factors evaluated included job strain, current and historic exposure to carbon monoxide, and occupational physical inactivity. Current carbon monoxide exposure was assessed via workshift changes in carboxyhemoglobin. Coronary heart disease occurred in 29 (5.5%) of the 526 bridge and tunnel officers examined. Risk of coronary heart disease was associated positively with total years each bridge and tunnel officer work had worked in that capacity (odds ratio = 1.64 for each decade of employment, adjusted for nonoccupational coronary heart disease risk factors). Carboxyhemoglobin levels were low in the subjects, and job strain and physical inactivity were very prevalent. Occupational factors contributed to the risk of coronary heart disease in New York City bridge and tunnel officers. The authors were unable to identify the specific factors that led to the increase in risk described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parvovirus as a differential diagnosis of hydrops fetalis in the first trimester.

We report a case of fetal parvovirus B19 infection which appears to have resulted in hydrops in the first trimester. An ultrasound scan performed at the booking visit of a woman in the first trimester showed generalised oedema. Karyotyping to exclude a fetal abnormality was normal. Maternal radioimmunoassay serological investigations showed parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM. Post-mortem analysis revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies typical of parvovirus in the erythroid cells in the liver and in the myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the receiving end: experiences of being a relative in critical care. Part 1.

This is the first of a series of three papers, presenting in her own words the experiences of Jane, an intensive care staff nurse, when her husband was admitted to her own intensive care unit. In part one, Jane describes her husband's admission to the accident and emergency department, the intensive care unit and subsequent transfer to a regional neurological unit. Jane gives a powerful and often very moving account of her experiences as a relative on the receiving end of critical care. There are many aspects of her husband's nursing and medical care, with which Jane remains dissatisfied. Some of these issues are discussed through professional commentaries, which are offered in the latter part of the paper.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro to nickel sulphate ions induces synthesis of stress proteins Hsp72 and Hsp90.

Exposure of the epidermis to nickel-containing compounds is one of the most common causes of contact allergy and may indicate that exposure of skin cells to nickel ions causes stress. In this study, cytotoxicity assays upon human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in monolayer culture indicated a 50% decrease in viability of both cell types at nickel sulphate concentrations in excess of 10(-3) M. To investigate the possible induction of a stress response within these cell types, monolayer cultures were exposed to concentrations of nickel sulphate for 1 h, followed by 35S-methionine labelling. Whole cell lysates were analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with specific monoclonal antibodies, or by fluorography. For keratinocytes, increased synthesis of Hsp90 at concentrations of 10(-5) M and above and induction of the stress-inducible Hsp72 at concentrations of 10(-4) M and above were observed. For fibroblasts, increased induction of Hsp90 at all concentrations under test and a dose-responsive increase in Hsp72 synthesis were detected. These results indicate that both keratinocytes and fibroblasts react to the toxic effects of nickel ions by mounting a stress response involving the up-regulation of synthesis of key stress proteins.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nuchal translucency audit: low uptake of invasive testing in screen positive cases.

The association between first trimester increased nuchal translucency (NT) and aneuploidies has been well established. To date, screening in this country has been carried out on an 'ad hoc' basis, as there is no national screening programme. It occurs mainly on maternal request indicated by age or a past history of a trisomy. As an isolated test we audited 316 patients attending the NMH for nuchal translucency screening to assess the accuracy of the test. Over two years 316 patients were seen and counselled. Forty-four cases (13%) were screen positive (risk of Trisomy 21 > 1 in 300). One third (15 cases) of this group went on to have invasive testing, one third of which (5 cases) were diagnosed with a trisomy and two thirds (10 cases) had normal fetuses. The remaining twenty-nine women with a high-risk ratio declined invasive testing with risk ratios that ranged from 1 in 250 to 296. In those who were screen negative there were no cases of trisomies. In conclusion, NT screening in this review had a sensitivity of 100%. In spite of being screen positive two thirds of patients declined invasive testing.

Adult↗