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Biomedical subjects

S Caroli

Publications and source records attributed to S Caroli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Criteria for reference value assessment of elements in human tissues.

The availability of updated and reliable reference values for elements in biological tissues and fluids plays a key role in the correct planning and performance of clinical, toxicological and environmental studies. The basic principles for a proper analytical approach in order to obtain such data are outlined. This in turn should significantly reduce the wide range of figures reported for most elements as "normal" intervals in the scientific literature. Some applications of these guidelines are illustrated in detail in the case of human lungs, liver and kidneys for which tentative reference values are assessed for a number of minor and trace elements, namely, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, V and Zn.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Reference values for elements of toxicological, clinical and environmental interest in hair of urban subjects.

A monitoring campaign has been undertaken to ascertain the reference concentration ranges for a number of minor and trace elements in hair of healthy urban subjects under age 15. An outline of criteria and methods lying at the root of a sound and reliable experimental approach are presented with special regard to such crucial steps as study planning, sampling, storing, pretreatment, analysis and evaluation of results. Determinations were carried out mainly by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) given the wide investigative potential and inherently multielemental character of this technique. The results obtained so far regard 100 youngsters allowing reference intervals for Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Ti, V and Zn to be established for the population group tested. Finally, further developments of this activity are highlighted, particularly emphasizing the diagnostic capabilities of hair analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Recent developments in the assay of ferritin containing drugs.

The advent of new stationary phases for gel permeation liquid chromatography (GPLC) capable of withstanding the high pressures of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has opened new avenues for the analysis of large molecules such as ferritin. The exploitation of inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) as a technique for detection in HPLC has evolved into a significant approach to element analysis and speciation. In general, while the on-line coupling still requires careful optimization, it expediently allows the identification of proteins and the quantification of Fe in ferritin products to be achieved.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1989

Determination of selenium in foods by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and hydride generation.

Within the framework of a survey launched by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità to assess the average daily intake of Se with food in the Italian population, a preliminary study was carried out to develop an analytical procedure for the quantification of the element in food products. The method implies the use of a hydride generation system in combination with inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and exploits the inherent advantages of this last also for the analysis of non-metals. The overall approach was tested in some Hungarian and Italian foods, adequately lending itself to routine and reliable Se assay.

Food Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Clinical, analytical and pharmacokinetic aspects in cancer chemotherapy with platinum coordination compounds.

A survey of investigations performed by our group over the last few years whose goal was to obtain analytical, clinical and pharmacokinetic data concerning cancer chemotherapy with Pt-based drugs is reported. From this standpoint the use of inductively coupled-plasma atomic emission spectrometry for determining Pt levels in biological samples is discussed, particularly as regards: 1) the amelioration of sample introduction procedures into the torch in the case of micro-sampling and 2) the investigation of plasma drug distribution by means of liquid chromatography techniques. Clinical studies evaluated therapeutic response and toxicity during regional and systemic treatments with Cisplatin and Carboplatin against solid tumors in adults as well as in children. Several pharmacokinetic parameters such as plasma half-lives for free and protein-bound drug, tissues exposure as determined by AUC and urinary excretion are examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Present possibilities for the determination of inorganic arsenic and organoarsenical compounds in biological fluids.

A survey is presented of the applicability of atomic spectrometry and other techniques for the quantitation of both inorganic and organic arsenic in biological fluids. Pretreatment of samples and speciation of the different As forms are particularly emphasized. The potential of inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry combined with high performance liquid chromatography separations is also highlighted.

Arsenic↗
PubMed1989

Occupational exposure to antiproliferative drugs in health care workers.

A survey is presented of the information available on the occupational hazard caused by exposure to anticancer drugs. Emphasis is laid on the need for stricter and safer measures to protect the sanitary personnel, who should also be constantly and thoroughly informed on the risk run when manipulating antiproliferative agents. Possible strategies for effectively preventing occupational diseases in this field are finally outlined.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

Determination of heavy metals in samples of urban solid wastes by means of the ICP atomic spectrometry technique.

The concentration of elements of environmental significance in the leachate from landfills of urban solid wastes was determined by means of Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The suitability of extraction tests which simulate the leaching process were undertaken. Both highly toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and V) and elements present at major concentrations (Al, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were quantified at different levels within and under the landfill. Results showed that the extraction test recommended by EPA is acceptable in order to simulate natural leaching compared with the amounts of the elements which are brought into solution after digestion with nitric acid. Furthermore, significant correlations were found in the landfill composition at different levels for element pairs such as Al-Mn, Co-Cr, Co-Cu, Co-Fe, Co-Mn, Co-Zn, Cr-Fe, Cr-Mn, Cu-Fe, Cu-Zn, Fe-Mn, Fe-Zn, Mn-Zn and Pb-Zn.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Determination of Pt in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with electrothermal vaporization (ETV).

An electrothermal sample vaporization device was combined with an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for the determination of Pt in biological samples (serum, urine, tissues). A commercial graphite furnace for atomic absorption was connected to an ICP torch using an electrically heated quartz tube. The argon gas stream was slightly modified. Sample aliquots up to 100 microL were dried at 120 degrees C, ashed at 1400 degrees C and subsequently heated to 2700 degrees C. The aerosol obtained was transported into a 2.2 kW argon ICP by means of a carrier gas flowing at 1.4 L/min. The detection limit was found to be 0.25-0.5 micrograms/L, depending upon the matrix. These values are one order of magnitude better than those obtained using conventional nebulizers. The precision (RSD) at 50 micrograms/L ranged from 0.04 to 0.07 and the accuracy (evaluated as recovery) was 103.2% to 105.3%. Because the matrix effects could not be neglected, different calibration curves were prepared for each kind of medium. The analytical capabilities of the method described were found to be suitable for the determination of Pt used in routine monitoring during chemotherapy with Cisplatin and other Pt-based compounds.

Hot Temperature↗
PubMed1986

Chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin monitoring in biological fluids by means of inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

The antitumoral agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) was administered at doses of 40 mg m-2 body surface area daily for 5 days via continuous i.v. infusion in association with etoposide (VP-16-213). The Pt concentration in serum up to 30 days from the beginning of the therapy was monitored by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Results lead to two main conclusions: the analytical technique employed is suitable for measurements of Pt in biological fluids with the necessary precision (0.95-2.5%), accuracy (recovery 98.5-101.7%) and detection power (0.002-0.004 mg/l); there were effective Pt plasma concentrations for a greater length of time (with peak value 2.0 mg/l towards the end of treatment) than those achieved by other therapies so far adopted. On the other hand, toxic side effects, in particular gastrointestinal toxicity, myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity, were found to be not worse than those generally caused by the administration of the chemotherapeutic compound at lower doses. Both aspects were deeded to be essential prerequisites for better exploiting the drug's effectiveness.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1984

Experimental aluminium encephalopathy: quantitative EEG analysis of aluminium bioavailability.

Single oral doses of aluminium hydroxide (50 to 200 mg/kg) were found to induce in mice a dose-dependent diminution of the power of the 7.5 to 12 Hz frequency band, with a parallel dose-dependent increase of aluminium content in the brain, as early as 45 min after administration, and indicated that aluminium hydroxide is readily absorbed through an empty stomach or duodenum and is able to induce alterations of background EEG rhythms at doses equivalent to the ones used in human therapy. These data suggest that the EEG disturbances of the background type, (which are observed during the early stage of dialysis encephalopathy in man), may be partly due to a pharmacological and therefore reversible effect induced by an increase in aluminium level in the brain.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1980

[Aneurysm of ascending aorta associated with aortic valve incompetence. Surgical correction by replacement of right coronary artery in 15 patients (author's transl)].

15 patients with aneurysm of ascending aorta associated with aortic valve incompetence has been treated by the replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta with reimplantation of the right coronary artery in 8 patients and both coronary arteries in 7. The operative mortality was 13% (2 patients). The follow up interval ranged from 6 months to three years (mean 20 months) and in all 13 patients there was an improving of functional class. A post-operative angiography was performed in 6 patients and in all of them was demonstrated the patency of the neoostia, a minimum paravalvular leak in one patient, and a pseudoaneurysm in another one. Proving the necessity of complete replacement of aneurysmal aorta, the Authors discuss the technique adopted with particular reference to the problem of reimplantation of the coronary arteries.

Adult↗