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Biomedical subjects

S C Yang

Publications and source records attributed to S C Yang.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of combination immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase I trial.

Sixteen patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of simultaneous low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The purpose of this phase I dose escalation trial was to assess the clinical toxicities, immunomodulatory effects, and antitumor efficacy of this combination. Patients received a continuous daily i.v. infusion of 6 x 10(6) IU/m2 of IL-2 for 5 days and a concomitant daily i.m. dose of tumor necrosis factor alpha on each day of IL-2 administration. Tumor necrosis factor alpha administration started at a dose of 25 micrograms/m2/day (level I) for seven patients, 50 micrograms/m2/day (level II) for seven patients, and 100 micrograms/m2/day (level III) for two patients. Treatment was given at 3-week intervals. Only one patient required monitoring by an intensive care unit during therapy. Major toxic effects included fever, local skin reaction at the i.m. injection site, pancytopenia, and general malaise, all of which were reversible within 48 h of cessation of therapy. Dose level II was determined to be the maximum tolerated dose, with the dose-limiting toxicity being thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000/microliters). In 12 evaluable patients, one partial and three minor tumor regressions were observed. Seven patients with progressive disease before entry into this study had radiographic stabilization of their disease (median, 12 weeks) before termination of therapy due to progression. All patients exhibited biological responses including augmented lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer cell activities while receiving therapy, as assessed by the cytolysis of Raji- and K562 targets in vitro. Enhanced lysis of autologous tumor during therapy was demonstrated for four patients with available tumor samples. Serum levels of IL-2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 2 weeks after cessation of therapy. This serum IL-2 had biological activity, which was evident from the ability to induce proliferation of NK-8 cells (an IL-2-dependent cell line) which was abrogated by anti-IL-2 antibody.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Selective retention of MPP+ within the monoaminergic systems of the primate brain following MPTP administration: an in vivo autoradiographic study.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta in humans and other primates, producing a parkinsonian condition. MPTP is metabolized to the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) which is taken up by dopamine terminals. The subsequent events culminating in cell death in the substantia nigra pars compacta are not understood. To examine these events we first produced a chronic hemiparkinsonian condition in monkeys by administering a toxic dose of MPTP via the right carotid artery. One year later, these monkeys were given a trace dose of [14C]MPTP intravenously and allowed to survive 1, 3, or 10 days. In two acute conditions, monkeys were either given the radiolabeled trace dose intravenously immediately following the toxic intracarotid dose, or were given a single toxic intracarotid radiolabeled dose, and allowed to survive 1, 3, or 10 days. We show by histology and autoradiography that the chronic hemiparkinsonian condition is characterized by selective unilateral loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and absence of MPP+ retention in the caudate-putamen. In the acute conditions, MPP+ is accumulated and selectively retained in high concentrations in the caudate-putamen bilaterally and throughout the nigrostriatal pathway only on the side receiving the toxic dose. In the substantia nigra pars compacta. MPP+ is accumulated in very low concentrations in the dopamine cell bodies and is not selectively retained there. At 10 days survival, the caudate-putamen on the side receiving the toxic dose loses its ability to retain MPP+. The apparent degeneration of the dopamine axon terminals in the caudate-putamen and the development of Parkinson-like behavioral signs seen at 10 days survival were observed to precede the loss of cell bodies in the substantia nigra, which appeared normal by the criteria of Nissl staining and neuromelanin content at all time points in the acute conditions. Other areas of dense MPP+ retention in all cases include noradrenergic and serotonergic cell groups and noradrenergic pathways. MPP+ in the locus coeruleus and other caudal catecholaminergic cell groups is apparently retrogradely transported there after uptake in terminal regions, and although it is retained in high concentrations, no cell loss occurs. These findings suggest that experimentally induced Parkinsonism results from molecular events initiated in the neostriatum and selectively elaborated in the nigrostriatal pathway, ultimately resulting in the death of substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons. They do not support a significant role for neuromelanin binding in the toxicity of MPP+.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1991

Phenotype and cytolytic activity of mouse tumor-bearer splenocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from K-1735 melanoma metastases following anti-CD3, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha combination immunotherapy.

We studied the phenotype and antitumor cytolytic activity of splenocytes from mice with K-1735 pulmonary metastases and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from these metastases following treatment with anti-CD3, IL-2, and TNF combination immunotherapy. Mice were injected with 5 x 10(4) tumor cells and received a single 5 micrograms i.p. dose of anti-CD3 on day 3, followed by either IL-2 alone or fourfold less IL-2 with TNF (25,000 U/day) given at 3-day intervals. A single dose of anti-CD3 followed by low-dose IL-2 and TNF caused the greatest reduction in metastases compared to anti-CD3 alone, higher doses of IL-2 alone, or IL-2 + TNF. Reduction in metastases (greater than 80%) using the three agents was equal to or exceeded that achieved by ninefold higher concentrations of IL-2 alone. Treatment with anti-CD3 + IL-2 and TNF significantly prolonged survival, and resulted in 60% of mice achieving long-term survival greater than 120 days. This was superior to single agents or other combinations with the three agents causing a synergistic rather than additive effect. The anti-CD3-activated splenocytes were a heterogeneous population of T cells, with an increased number of CD8+ cells compared to splenocytes from mice treated with high doses of IL-2 alone. Analysis of TILs showed a greater proportion of CD8+ cells in anti-CD3-treated mice compared to IL-2 alone, but a lower proportion of CD4+ cells. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and natural killer (NK) activities of both splenocytes and TILs in vitro increased following anti-CD3/IL-2 + TNF treatment, and were consistently greater than that generated with four times more IL-2 alone. TNF appeared to potentiate cytolytic activity rather than affect phenotypic changes. These results indicate that the sequential use of anti-CD3, IL-2, and TNF for LAK induction and maintenance potentiates antitumor activity, and suggests novel strategies for combination immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lung volume, diffusing capacity, chest roentgenogram and dyspnea index in interstitial lung disease.

To investigate the physiologic impairment and the role played by pulmonary function tests in interstitial lung disease (ILD), we performed spirometry tests and tested the single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of 27 patients with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (DIPF) and 35 patients with collagen vascular disease (CVD). All of the patients showed irregular linear opacities on their chest X-ray films. Corresponding chest roentgenograms for each patient were evaluated according to the International Labour Organization (ILO) classification. A modified Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), which incorporate a patient's physical activity into the recording, was used to quantitate dyspnea. Patients with DIPF demonstrated a comparable reduction in both lung volumes and diffusing capacity. In contrast, patients with CVD had a greater reduction in diffusing capacity than in forced vital capacity (FVC) and total lung capacity (TLC). There were no significant correlations between the type of linear opacities and the severity of the pulmonary function abnormalities, or between the opacities and the dyspnea in either disease group. The profusion of pulmonary infiltrates also did not affect the lung function except for diffusing capacity in patients with DIPF. However, there was a significant loss of FVC, TLC, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and diffusing capacity with increasing levels of dyspnea. We conclude that pulmonary function parameters may not be equally affected in DIPF and CVD. Approaches using the ILO classification for analysis of chest roentgenograms provide limited information regarding the functional status of patients. Pulmonary functions are significantly related to the extent of a patient's physical activity, if the severity of dyspnea is evaluated carefully using a quantifiable system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of sodium valproate and 4en-valproic acid on isolated hepatocytes of guinea pigs.

The effects of valproic acid (VPA) (100 to 2,000 micrograms/ml) and its metabolite 4en-valproic acid (4enVPA) (2 to 2,000 micrograms/ml) on plasma membrane permeability of isolated hepatocytes of guinea pigs were studied. The ability of hepatocytes to exclude trypan blue was decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) by VPA at concentrations higher than 100 micrograms/ml. The leakage of intracellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), were not significantly increased by VPA within therapeutic concentrations (100-200 micrograms/ml). However, GOT and GPT leakage were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) by VPA, 500 micrograms/ml, but tended to decrease with further increases in VPA concentration. The enzyme leakage or trypan blue exclusion was not significantly altered by 10 micrograms/ml 4enVPA unless phenytoin (PT) (20 micrograms/ml) or phenobarbital (PB) (20 micrograms/ml) was presented. Higher concentrations of 4enVPA significantly decreased the trypan blue exclusion as well as increased GOT and GPT leakage of hepatocytes. Under scanning electron microscopic examination some hepatocytes at therapeutic concentrations of VPA or 4enVPA showed blebs on the membrane. Higher drug concentrations caused serious membrane damage such as pits and pores. These results suggest that there may be at least two mechanisms for the hepatotoxic effect of VPA. One may occur at therapeutic concentrations of VPA, resulting in increases in membrane permeability and decreases in membrane tension of hepatocytes. The other mechanism may occur at high concentrations of VPA or 4enVPA, resulting in substantial damage to the hepatocyte membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of OKT3-initiated lymphokine-activated effectors expanded with interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Synergistic and cooperative effects in vitro of OKT3, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) as stimuli in generating effectors with lymphokine-activated killer activity were studied. Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with OKT3 (10 ng/ml) for 48 h, followed by culture in low concentrations of IL-2 (10 units/ml) and TNF (250 units/ml) resulted in higher cell recovery (50- to 3300-fold) compared to the number of cells in the initial culture and enhanced lytic activity against both Raji and fresh lung tumor targets (mean 100-fold) by day 30 compared to those expanded with higher concentrations of IL-2 (100 units/ml) alone. Immunofluorescence analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells initiated with OKT3 and expanded with IL-2 plus TNF revealed a selective increase in CD8+ cells and a decrease in CD4+ by day 28; the opposite effect was observed when cells were incubated with 100 units/ml of IL-2 alone, resulting in a greater proportion of CD4+ cells. Almost all cells were CD3+. Studies of cytokine receptor expression indicated that OKT3 plus IL-2 plus TNF caused an earlier up-regulation of the IL-2 receptor beta chain (Tac) and higher TNF receptor expression by day 6 compared to 100 units/ml IL-2 alone. Significant TNF levels (greater than 17 units/ml) were measured in culture supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells initiated with OKT3 alone. Collectively, our data demonstrate that induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity with OKT3, followed by culture in low concentrations of IL-2 plus TNF is an alternative to the use of high-dose IL-2 alone and suggest that this combination may provide potential advantages in long-term generation of cytolytic cells.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1990

Successful combination immunotherapy for the generation in vivo of antitumor activity with anti-CD3, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

The purpose of this study was to generate lymphokine-activated killer cells via alternative pathways using combinations of biologic agents. Immunotherapy with the mouse anti-CD3 analogue combined with low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was tested for in vivo antitumor efficacy against established pulmonary metastases from a variety of mouse tumor-cell lines. Administration of a single dose of anti-CD3 followed by low-dose IL-2 and TNF-alpha potentiated reduction of metastases compared with higher doses of IL-2 alone or IL-2 plus TNF-alpha. Treatment with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 plus TNF-alpha significantly prolonged survival and resulted in 60% of the mice achieving long-term survival compared with no survival using single agents or other combinations. The lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activities of mouse splenocytes increased following treatment with anti-CD3 plus IL-2 plus TNF-alpha. These results indicate that the sequential use of anti-CD3, IL-2, and TNF-alpha for the induction and maintenance of lymphokine-activated killer activity potentiates antitumor activity and provides novel strategies for combination immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Changes in DNA content of lung adenocarcinoma cells following exposure to anti-cancer drugs.

To investigate the changes in the nuclear DNA content of lung adenocarcinoma cells following exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, malignant cells obtained from either tumor biopsies or pleural effusions of 12 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma were cultured in vitro and exposed to adriamycin, vincristine, cisplatin or a placebo. Cytophotometric measurements of the nuclear DNA were performed. In 10 cases, the DNA histograms revealed that the modal values of the lung adenocarcinoma cells ranged from 4.0C to 4.6C. The remaining 2 cases were 3.2C and 2.2C, respectively. After exposure, three response patterns in the DNA content were found: (1) the cells maintain their original cell cycle distributions, this was seen in cultures resistant to the drugs or in cultures showing extensive cell killing; (2) the cells accumulate with their DNA content in the S and G2M phase; and (3) the cells lose their modal values and become aneuploidy. We conclude that cytophotometric analysis of DNA content can offer useful information on the chemosensitivity of tumor cells. However, since there may be various response patterns, the corresponding percentage of cell killings, as assessed by morphologic observation or by a dye exclusion test, is necessary for interpreting the results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Clinical experiences with bronchial provocation test using oscillation technique in Chinese patients.

Bronchial provocation tests using the forced oscillation method were conducted on 115 Chinese. Each subject continuously inhaled stepwise increased concentrations of methacholine and respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured. The test results were regarded as responsive if Rrs increased by twice the baseline values. It was found that all normal subjects and patients with restrictive lung diseases were nonresponders. One hundred percent of the asthmatic patients and 61% of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were responders. However, only 29% of the 28 patients with acute bronchitis showed bronchial hyperreactivity. Baseline Rrs values for the various groups are as follows: normal subjects, 3.2 +/- 0.7 cmH2O/L/sec; patients with restrictive lung diseases, 4.2 +/- 0.6 cmH2O/L/sec; asthmatic patients, 5.6 +/- 0.9 cmH2O/L/sec; COPD patients, 7.5 +/- 0.7 cmH2O/L/sec; and those with acute bronchitis, 4.3 +/- 0.8 cmH2O/L/sec. Baseline Rrs was significantly higher in patients with airway obstruction than in normal subjects. The cumulative dose (DA, the bronchial sensitivity) of methacholine to induce a positive reaction in responders was not correlated with either respiratory conductance (Grs) or the bronchial reactivity (SGrs, the slope of Grs during a positive reaction). The dose-response curves can be classified into 6 types according to their appearances: flat form (type I), isolated spike form (type II), terminal spike form (type III), triangular form (type IV), step form (type V) and mixed form (type VI). Normal subjects and patients with restrictive lung diseases usually manifested with type I or II curves. Most asthmatic patients had type IV curves, but occasionally types V and VI were also encountered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Correlation of in vitro chemosensitivity and clinical responses to anticancer drugs in primary adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Cancer cells were isolated from either pleural effusion or tumor biopsies of 16 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Human tumor clonogenic assay was then performed using the double layer agar system. The cells were continuously exposed to 8 kinds of anticancer drugs, including adriamycin, vincristine, 5-FU, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, methotrexate and BCNU (carmustine) for 14 days in the following concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 micrograms/ml. A more than 50% reduction in colony counts was regarded as responsive. Active drugs were selected by observing colony reduction at a specific upper concentration for each individual agent. Combinations of the 1 to 4 most potent drugs as recognized by in vitro chemosensitivity tests were given to the patients. Drainage of the fluids or pleurodesis was avoided. Assessment of patients' clinical conditions was made at the 8th week following chemotherapy. Thirteen (81.3%) patients showed a marked decrease in the amount of effusion, improvement in symptoms and signs and/or a decreased serum CEA level. It is concluded that chemosensitivity in vitro correlates well with clinical responses and recognition of effective drugs prior to treatment may improve the results of chemotherapy of primary lung adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Maximal expiratory flow and volume in Chinese aged 60 years and over.

To obtain more accurate information about pulmonary function among elderly Chinese, we examined spirometry and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves in 180 healthy nonsmoking subjects (102 women, 78 men) aged 60 years and over in Taiwan. Significant (p less than 0.05) age-related negative correlations were noted in forced vital capacity (FVC), mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75%) and maximal flow at 50% of FVC (Vmax50%) in both sexes. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/FVC and maximal flow at 25% of FVC (Vmax25%) were negatively correlated with age in the men. Height was more positively correlated with the lung volume of FVC and FEV1 than with the flow rate of FEF25-75%, Vmax50% and Vmax25%. These spirometric values were lower in elderly Chinese than in elderly Caucasians even after adjustment for height and age. When the data were compared to the current prediction formulae used in our laboratory, which were mainly derived from healthy subjects younger than 60 years of age, FVC appeared well predicted. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were slightly lower than the predicted value. On the contrary, Vmax50% and Vmax25% were much lower than the predicted value. This suggests that previous studies may have overestimated the flow rates, which may result in misinterpretation of small airways obstruction on the elderly. Regression equation were derived for predicting ventilatory parameters from elderly Chinese of both sexes. The multiple correlation coefficients (r) of flow rates with age and height were smaller than those reported in younger people. The standard error of estimate of the mean was large in FEF25-75%, Vmax50% and Vmax25% (30-37%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Correlation of the expression of A, B isoantigens with its precursor H antigen in transitional cell carcinoma and the clinical signification of the expression].

The expression of ABO (H) isoantigens in tumors from 96 patients with transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) and the precursor H antigen of A or B antigens were studied by using immunohistochemical technique (ABC method). In our series ABO(H)isoantigens were demonstrated in 57 of 96(59.4%), grade I 76.5%, II 69.4% and III 33.3% respectively. The deletion of ABO(H) isoantigens was related statistically with the histologic grade of TCC (P less than 0.01) and the recurrence of the tumors (P less than 0.05). The results showed that the expression of the precursor H substance was very well related with the expression of A or B isoantigen (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). The deletion of precursor H substance could more reliably predict the clinical course of the subsequent recurrence and mortality in A, B or AB type blood patients with TCC than that of A or B isoantigen. Detecting H substance can substitute completely detecting A or B isoantigen in tumors of A, B or AB type blood patients, and has more practical value clinically.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1990

Combination immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Results with interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Sixteen patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of low-dose interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Patients received a continuous 24-hour intravenous infusion of interleukin-2 at 1 X 10(6) Cetus U/m2 and a simultaneous daily intramuscular dose of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (25 to 100 micrograms/m2) for 5 consecutive days. These doses did not have antitumor activity when administered alone in previous trials. Treatment was given at 3-week intervals. Common side effects included fever, local skin reaction at the injection site of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, pancytopenia, and general malaise, all of which were reversible within 48 hours of cessation of therapy. The maximum tolerated doses with this combination were 1 X 10(6) U/m2/day of interleukin-2 and 50 micrograms/m2/day of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, with thrombocytopenia (less than 50K) being the dose-limiting toxicity. Twelve patients received two cycles or more and were evaluable for response. Measurable tumor regression occurred in four patients. An additional seven patients had radiographic stabilization of disease (median = 12 weeks) before progression. All patients had augmented lymphokine-activated killer and natural killer activity during therapy. Enhanced lysis of autologous tumor in vitro was demonstrated in four of four patients during therapy. We conclude that combination immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha can mediate tumor regression and can be given with acceptable toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Induction of lymphokine-activated killer cytotoxicity with interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha against primary lung cancer targets.

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) activated with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) generate potent lytic activity (LAK) against a variety of malignant cells. IL-2 alone is sufficient for LAK generation, but high concentrations are needed to generate optimal cytotoxicity. Our recent studies based on combinations of biological agents indicated that alternative activation pathways may exist. Synergy for LAK induction was investigated using IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Single-cell suspensions of primary human lung carcinomas were prepared from seven established cell lines and 32 fresh tumor specimens. Not only were all cell lines sensitive to allogeneic LAK, but also all fresh tumors were sensitive to some degree to both autologous and allogeneic LAK lysis measured by a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. LAK-mediated cytotoxicity, induced with a combination of human recombinant IL-2 (Cetus, 100 U/ml) and TNF (Genentech, 500 U/ml), showed a mean fourfold increase (range 0.7-16.3) over IL-2 alone. No lytic activity was generated from PBM incubated with media or TNF alone. The sequence dependence of adding IL-2 and TNF in enhancing cytolytic activity was also studied. In vitro kinetics data revealed that the addition of TNF 2-6 h before the addition of IL-2 greatly increased LAK activity over that obtained from the simultaneous addition of the two cytokines. These results demonstrated (a) the synergy of IL-2 and TNF for generating LAK; (b) the lysis of fresh primary lung cancer cells by LAK; and (c) the sequence dependence of IL-2 and TNF for the induction of optimal LAK activity.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1989

Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen saturation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Continuous measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) has been suggested as an adjunct in monitoring critically ill patients. We evaluated SvO2 monitoring in 24 patients suffering from complicated myocardial infarctions. Cardiac output and arterial lactate levels were measured when there were persistent 5 percent changes in SvO2, and otherwise, every 12 hours or as indicated clinically. Increases in SvO2 by 5 and 10 percent corresponded with an increase in cardiac index in 78.5 percent and 75 percent of measurements, respectively. Decreases in SvO2 by 5 and 10 percent corresponded with decreases in cardiac index in 45.5 percent and 61 percent of measurements. Twenty percent changes in cardiac index showed dissimilar directional changes with SvO2 in 62 percent of cases. Arterial blood lactate levels correlated poorly with SvO2. Survivors had significantly higher mean SvO2 and cardiac indices than nonsurvivors (p less than 0.01). The clinical management of patients with myocardial infarction may not be altered in view of the limitations of SvO2 in reflecting tissue hypoxia. We conclude that continuous monitoring of SvO2 may not be a sensitive measure of cardiac output after acute myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between light and scanning electron microscopic findings in cells stained by Riu's method.

Difficulties with cell recognition are sometimes encountered in surface structural studies of biomedical specimens with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). If cells are stained and examined first by light microscopy (LM), then the specificity of their surface structures when observed by SEM can be reassured. Although other staining methods have been advocated, Riu's stain, which employs eosin yellow, methylene blue and azure I was tested in this study. A total of 28 specimens, including 10 pleural effusions, 4 ascites, 9 peripheral blood cells and 5 bronchial brushings, were collected for comparison. Free cells were fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde and allowed to form sediment on poly-L-lysine precoated plastic cover slips. They were stained with Riu's A and B solutions and observed with a light microscope. A lattice composed of cut lines made by a surgical knife served as the cell finder. Cells of interest were photographed before they were fixed in OsO4, dehydrated and dried in liquid CO2 at a critical-point temperature. Observation with a scanning electron microscope showed that the particular cells could be found within 10 minutes. Cell loss was minimal. Configuration of the cells was preserved and no distortion was detected in their fine surface structure. This study confirms that Riu's stain is suitable for comparative purposes between LM and SEM.

Cells↗
PubMed1989

[Biologic significance and clinical value of carcinoembryonic antigen in tissues in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract].

Avidin-biotin complex immuno-histochemical technique with monoclonal antibody to CEA was used to study comparatively relationship of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumor tissue of 82 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of upper tract and bladder with prognosis of the patients with TCC and its biologic significance. Our study showed that the detection of CEA in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of upper tract could reflect subsequent recurrence and survival of the patients and related with histologic grade (P less than 0.01). But the expression of CEA in patients with bladder tumor was not related with the clinical course of the patients and the histologic grade (P greater than 0.05).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗