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S C Tseng

Publications and source records attributed to S C Tseng.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Amniotic membrane transplantation after extensive removal of primary and recurrent pterygia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the postoperative outcome and the recurrence rate after extensive removal of primary and recurrent pterygia combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. DESIGN: A noncomparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-four eyes in 54 subjects with either primary (n = 33) or recurrent (n = 21) pterygia operated on by one surgeon (SCGT). INTERVENTION: All subjects were operated on for pterygia with an extensive excision of the lesion followed by amniotic membrane transplantation and intraoperative injection of a depot corticosteroid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative rates of conjunctival (grade 3) and corneal (grade 4) recurrence and incidence of complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 12.8 +/- 4.3 months for primary and 14.3 +/- 4.9 months for recurrent pterygia. The true recurrence rate (grade 4) was 3.0%, 9.5%, and 5.6% for primary, recurrent, and all pterygia, respectively. The cumulative proportion of recurrence-free eyes at 12 months was 0.90 +/- 0.06 for primary and 0.69 +/- 0.11 for recurrent pterygia (P = 0.047, log-rank test). Removal of the semilunar fold was associated with longer survival times (P = 0.063) and decreased failure rate (P = 0.046). A similar success rate was achieved in double-head pterygia (1 recurrence in 11 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation is an effective and safe procedure for pterygium surgery, with a relatively low recurrence rate for both primary and recurrent pterygia. It can be a useful alternative to conjunctival autograft when a large conjunctival defect has to be covered, such as in primary double-head pterygia and in large recurrent pterygia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reduction in corneal haze and apoptosis by amniotic membrane matrix in excimer laser photoablation in rabbits.

PURPOSE: To determine whether preserved human amniotic membrane can reduce corneal haze and keratocyte apoptosis induced by excimer laser photoablation in rabbit corneas. METHODS: Excimer photoablation was performed bilaterally in 30 rabbits with a 6.0 mm ablation zone and 120 microm depth using the VISX Star laser with the phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) mode. One eye was randomly covered by preserved human amniotic membrane secured with 4 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures, and the other eye served as the control. The amniotic membranes were removed at 1 week, and corneal haze was graded with slitlamp biomicroscopy by 3 masked corneal specialists biweekly for the ensuing 12 weeks until the rabbits were killed. Another 18 rabbits were divided into 4 subgroups and received PTK alone, PTK with membrane, PTK with sham sutures, or PTK with tarsorrhaphy. All eyes were studied histologically, and 3 eyes in each group were studied by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy-UTP-nick end labeling assay at 1, 3, and 7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: A consistent grading of differences in corneal haze scoring between the control corneas and the amniotic-membrane-covered corneas was noted among the 3 masked observers. Organized reticular post-PTK corneal haze peaked at 7 weeks in both groups, and the corneal haze score in the amniotic-membrane-covered group was significantly less than in the control group from 7 to 12 weeks (all P < .001). Compared to the control corneas, the amniotic-membrane-covered corneas had less inflammatory response at 1 and 3 days, less keratocyte apoptosis in the ablated anterior corneal stroma at 1, 3, and 7 days (P < .001), and less stromal fibroblast cellularity and epithelial hyperplasia at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane matrix introduced at an early stage of the corneal wound healing process effectively reduced corneal haze induced by excimer laser photoablation in rabbits. Studies linking suppression of apoptosis in the acute wound-healing process with reduction of subsequent corneal scarring may have useful clinical applications.

Amnion↗
PubMed2001

Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction.

The use of amniotic membrane (or amnion) for transplantation as graft in ocular surface reconstruction is reviewed. This technique has become widespread because of the availability of the amnion, convenience and ease of use, and high and reproducible success rates. The mechanisms of action of the transplantation are varied and include the prolongation and clonogenic maintenance of epithelial progenitor cells, promotion of goblet and non-goblet cell differentiation, exclusion of inflammatory cells with anti-protease activities, suppression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta signaling and myoblast differentiation of normal fibroblasts. The observed clinical effects include facilitation of epithelialization, maintenance of normal phenotypes, and reduction of inflammation, vascularization and scarring. Amniotic membrane transplantation is being increasingly used as graft for various conjunctival and corneal diseases and as a patch in cases of chemical and thermal burns, refractory and recalcitrant keratitis, and most recently as an excellent substrate for expanding epithelial stem cells ex vivo.

Amnion↗
PubMed2001

Association between betel quid chewing, periodontal status and periodontal pathogens.

The present investigation examined whether an association exists between betel quid chewing and signs of periodontal disease and determined the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by polymerase chain reaction. The periodontal status of 34 betel quid chewers and 32 non-betel quid chewers were compared. A significantly higher prevalence of bleeding on probing was found in betel quid chewers than non-chewers among the subjects with higher plaque level, greater gingival inflammation, deeper probing depth or greater attachment loss. Also, the results suggested that betel quid chewers may harbor higher levels of infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis than non-betel quid chewers. The association persists after adjusting for severity of the clinical parameters. In conclusion, betel quid chewing was associated with a higher prevalence of bleeding on probing where higher clinical levels of disease existed, and with a likelihood of subgingival infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis.

Actinobacillus Infections↗
PubMed2001

In vivo and in vitro demonstration of epithelial cell-induced myofibroblast differentiation of keratocytes and an inhibitory effect by amniotic membrane.

PURPOSE: To examine the role of epithelial cells in inducing the differentiation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts and to determine whether this effect may be inhibited by amniotic membrane matrix. METHODS: In vivo, a 9-mm diameter, partial-thickness corneal flap was created in 12 rabbit eyes (6 rabbits), which were equally subdivided into three groups. The first group was implanted with one layer of a 6-mm diameter human amniotic membrane, from which the epithelium had been removed by dispase. The second group received an implantation of dispase-treated amniotic membrane with cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells. The third group received the same implantation as the second group except that the cultured corneal epithelial cells were sandwiched between two layers of membrane. All corneas were removed 2 weeks later and were subjected to Masson trichrome staining and immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin for myofibroblasts and cytokeratins for epithelial cells. In vitro collagen gels impregnated with different types of human ocular surface fibroblasts were seeded with or without rabbit corneal epithelial cells before testing for gel contraction. RESULTS: Positive staining of alpha-SM actin was noted only in keratocytes adjacent to corneal epithelial cells at the incision site and those grown on the basement membrane side of the amniotic membrane. Negative staining was noted when epithelial cells were removed by dispase or when cultured corneal epithelial cells were sandwiched between two layers of membrane. Gel contraction by fibroblasts was significantly promoted when epithelial cells were seeded on the gel. In the latter situation, positive staining of alpha-SM actin was noted in fibroblasts subjacent to epithelial cells but not in those impregnated in the gel. CONCLUSION: Epithelial cells are capable of inducing the differentiation of adjacent fibroblasts into myofibroblasts; such an induction requires a close epithelial-mesenchymal contact. Amniotic membrane alone does not induce this effect and can help block such induction by epithelial cells.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

Amniotic membrane transplantation after the primary surgical management of band keratopathy.

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation to restore and maintain a stable corneal epithelium and reduce ocular surface pain after surgical removal of band keratopathy arising from ocular causes. METHODS: Fifteen patients (16 eyes) from two centers with band keratopathy secondary to ocular causes underwent amniotic membrane transplantation as a graft after surgical removal of calcific deposits with or without the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In a prospective, consecutive, uncontrolled case series, the rate of corneal epithelialization and resultant surface stability were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 14.6 months. RESULTS: Pain from ocular surface instability was the presenting complaint in 14 of 15 (93.3%) patients and resolved in all cases after the procedure even for those who experienced a recurrence of the calcific deposit. Fifteen of 16 eyes (93.7%) achieved epithelialization with a mean time to epithelial healing of 15.2 days. The only eye that failed to heal was subsequently diagnosed with total limbal stem cell deficiency. Visual acuity improved in five of nine (44%) sighted eyes and remained unchanged in four of nine (56%). No patient experienced any major surgical or medical complication after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane transplantation represents a safe and effective method to restore a stable corneal epithelium in eyes after primary surgical removal of band keratopathy arising from ocular causes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Suppression of interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 1beta in human limbal epithelial cells cultured on the amniotic membrane stromal matrix.

AIMS: Amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation reduces inflammation in a variety of ocular surface disorders. The aim of this study was to determine if AM stroma suppresses the expression of the IL-1 gene family in cultured human corneal limbal epithelial cells. METHODS: Human corneal limbal epithelial cells were cultured from limbocorneal explants of donor eyes on plastic or on the AM stroma. Transcript expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), and GAPDH was compared with or without addition of lipopolysaccharide to their serum-free media for 24 hours using RNAse protection assay (RPA). Their protein production in the supernatant was analysed by ELISA. RESULTS: Expression of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta transcripts and proteins was significantly reduced by cells cultured on the AM stromal matrix compared with plastic cultures whether lipopolysaccharide was added or not. Moreover, expression of IL-1 RA by cells cultured in the lipopolysaccharide-free medium was upregulated by AM stromal matrix. The ratio between IL-1 RA and IL-1alpha protein levels in AM cultures was higher than in plastic cultures. CONCLUSIONS: AM stromal matrix markedly suppresses lipopolysaccharide induced upregulation of both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. These data may explain in part the effect of AM transplantation in reducing ocular surface inflammation, underscoring the unique feature of the AM as a substrate for tissue engineering.

Amnion↗
PubMed2001

Amniotic membrane transplantation for partial limbal stem cell deficiency.

AIM: To examine the efficacy, safety, and long term outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal surface reconstruction in cases of partial limbal stem cell deficiency. METHODS: 17 eyes of 15 patients with partial limbal stem cell deficiency underwent superficial keratectomy of the conjunctivalised corneal surface followed by amniotic membrane transplantation. Cases were followed up for at least a year. RESULTS: All eyes exhibited a stable, intact corneal epithelial surface after a mean follow up period of 25.8 months with no eyes developing recurrent erosion or persistent epithelial defect. The mean time to re-epithelialisation was 22.8 days. Overall improvement in visual acuity was observed in 92.9% of 14 eyes with visual potential. Of those, five eyes gained six or more lines, two eyes gained between four and five lines, six eyes gained between one and three lines, and one eye lost three lines of Snellen acuity. Pain and photophobia were abolished in 86% of cases and substantially reduced in 14%, with all eyes exhibiting decreased vascularisation and inflammation at final follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation appears to be a safe and effective method of restoring a stable corneal epithelium for cases of partial limbal stem cell deficiency and can be considered as an alternative to limbal autograft or allograft.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Overexpression of collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-3) by pterygium head fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND: The balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) determines the extent of connective tissue degradation and remodeling. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pterygium, characterized by fibrovascular invasion into the cornea, may in part be mediated by an increased activity of MMPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of transcripts and proteins of MMPs, TIMPs, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by cultured human pterygium head, body, and subconjunctival fibroblasts, and normal corneal and conjunctival fibroblasts were determined by Northern hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, zymography, and quantitative collagenase assay, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with normal conjunctival fibroblasts from 6 subjects, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 transcripts was dramatically increased in pterygium head fibroblasts of 8 patients, but not in pterygium body fibroblasts of 6 patients. The protein levels and collagenolytic and caseinolytic activities of MMP-1 and/or MMP-3 were also markedly increased in pterygium head fibroblasts. The MMP-1 and MMP-3 proteins and activity decreased in order from pterygium head to body to subconjunctival fibroblasts. There was no difference in the transcript and protein expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and uPA among these groups. CONCLUSION: Pterygium head fibroblasts express increased mRNA, protein, and activities of MMP-1 and MMP-3. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overexpression of MMP-1 and MMP-3, a phenotype previously linked with UV exposure in dermal fibroblasts to explain the pathologic finding of elastotic degeneration, suggests that pterygium head fibroblasts might be intrinsically altered by UV, which might be responsible for corneal invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Glaucoma filtration surgery using amniotic membrane transplantation.

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential use of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the construction of glaucoma filtering blebs. METHODS: Twenty-four albino rabbits underwent glaucoma filtration surgery in one eye. In alternate cases, the conjunctival flap was replaced with AMT. Postoperative examination data were grouped into three time points. Six animals with AMT and six filtration surgery-controls were euthanatized at each of two postoperative time points, and tissue was obtained for histologic examination. Conjunctival biopsies were explanted for estimation of fibroblast outgrowth. RESULTS: Bleb formation was observed in all eyes, and amniotic membranes were epithelialized after 11.2 +/- 2.48 (mean +/- SD) days. Throughout the study IOPs were significantly lower in operated than unoperated fellow eyes. Between postoperative days 11 and 16 (the middle time point), the percentage IOP reduction in AMT eyes was significantly greater than in filtration surgery controls (P = 0.014), though not at other time points. Filtration surgery survival was significantly longer in the AMT group (22.3 +/- 3.8 days; mean +/- SE) than in "No AMT" controls (14.0 +/- 1.6 days; P = 0.035). In tissue culture, significantly less fibroblast outgrowth occurred from AMT explants when compared with unoperated conjunctiva (P = 0.01) between postoperative days 3 and 9 (the early time point). Amniotic membrane transplants were intact on histologic examination after 14 days but were associated with considerable granulomatous inflammation. After 36 days, the ocular surfaces remained clinically intact, but lysis of AMT was noted histologically. CONCLUSIONS: AMT exhibits potential as an alternative tissue to conjunctiva in the construction of glaucoma filtration blebs. The healing response as demonstrated by fibroblast outgrowth is retarded when compared with conventional conjunctival closure. The improvement in bleb survival must be weighed against the potential for complications related to delayed healing. In rabbits, human amniotic membrane elicited a late xenograft reaction, leading to granulomatous inflammation and dissolution of the membrane.

Amnion↗
PubMed2001

Improvement of HSV-1 necrotizing keratitis with amniotic membrane transplantation.

PURPOSE: Stromal herpes simplex virus keratitis (HSK) is an immune-mediated disease. Previous studies have indicated that T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages contribute to the tissue damage in HSK. It has been shown that human amniotic membrane promotes epithelial wound healing and has diverse anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on corneal wound healing and on inflammation in mice with necrotizing HSK was examined. METHODS: BALB/c mice were corneally infected with 10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) of HSV-1 (KOS strain). In 16 mice that exhibited severe ulcerating HSK, the cornea was covered with a preserved human amniotic membrane as a patch. Corneas in 16 infected mice remained uncovered and served as a control. On days 2 and 7 after surgery, the amniotic membrane was removed (eight mice in each group), the HSV-1-infected cornea was evaluated clinically, and the eye was enucleated. Tissue sections were analyzed histologically for epithelialization and cellular infiltration and immunohistochemically with anti-CD3 mAb to T cells, anti-CD11b mAb to both macrophages and neutrophils, or anti-F4/80 mAb to macrophages. RESULTS: Profound regression of corneal inflammation and rapid closure of epithelial defects were observed clinically within 2 days in the amniotic membrane-covered eyes, whereas HSV-1 keratitis and ulceration progressed in all mice in the control group (P < 0.001). Histologically, corneal edema and inflammatory infiltration, and immunohistochemically the number of CD3(+), CD11b(+), and F4/80(+) cells in the cornea were markedly decreased at 2 and 7 days after amniotic membrane application, compared with the uncovered control corneas (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: AMT promotes rapid epithelialization and reduces stromal inflammation and ulceration in HSV-1 keratitis. AMT in mice with HSV necrotizing stromal keratitis appears to be a useful model for investigating the effect and the action mechanism of human amniotic membrane.

Amnion↗
PubMed2001

New perspectives in ocular surface disorders. An integrated approach for diagnosis and management.

The cornea, conjuctiva and the limbus comprise the tissues at the ocular surface. All of them are covered by stratified, squamous, non-keratinizing epithelium and a stable tear film. The ocular surface health is ensured by intimate relationship between ocular surface epithelia and the preocular team film. There are two types of ocular surface failure. The first one is characterized by squamous metaplasia and loss of goblet cells and mucin expression. This is consistent with unstable tear film which is the hallmark of various dry-eye disorders. The second type of ocular surface failure is characterized by the replacement of the normal corneal epithelium in a process called limbal stem cell deficiency. It is essential to establish accurate diagnosis for appropriate management of complex ocular surface disorders. There has been considerable advancement in the understanding of the pathophysiology of ocular surface disease. Management has improved with introduction of the limbal stem cell concept and use of amniotic membrane transplantation.

Amnion↗
PubMed2000

[Amniotic membrane transplantation with or without limbal allografts in corneal surface reconstruction in limbal deficiency].

PURPOSE: We examined whether amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is useful in preparing the perilimbal stroma to enhance the success of allograft limbal transplantation (ALT). METHODS: Forty-seven eyes of 42 consecutive patients with cytologically proven limbal deficiency (LD) were included in this prospective study. Based on the severity of LD, group A (mild) with 18 eyes received AMT alone, group B (moderate) with 13 eyes received AMT and ALT, and group C (severe) with 16 eyes received AMT, ALT and penetrating keratoplasty. All except for group A received continuous systemic cyclosporin A. RESULTS: Except for the two eyes with atopy, all amniotic membrane-covered surfaces showed rapid epithelialization in 2-4 weeks, reduced inflammation, vascularization and scarring, and became smooth. For the mean follow-up period of 23 months, 38 eyes (82.6%) showed visual improvement, consisting of > or = 6 lines (15 eyes), 4-5 lines (10 eyes), 1-3 lines (13 eyes). Visual improvement was noted in 16/18 eyes (88.9%) in group A, in 10/13 eyes (77%) in group B, and in 12/16 eyes (75%) in group C. In group C corneal graft rejection occurred in 12 of 16 eyes (75%). In group B and C, early reversible limbal allograft rejection was noted in 3 of 29 eyes (10.3%) and a recurrent limbal deficiency was observed in 8 of 29 eyes (27.6%). CONCLUSION: For partial LD with superficial involvement, AMT alone is sufficient and hence superior to ALT because of no need for using cyclosporin A. For total LD, additional ALT is needed and AMT helps reconstruct the perilimbal stroma with reduced inflammation and vascularization, which collectively may enhance ALT success.

Amnion↗
PubMed2000

Amniotic membrane transplantation for repair of leaking glaucoma filtering blebs.

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of human preserved amniotic membrane transplant with conjunctival advancement for repair of late-onset glaucoma filtering bleb leaks. METHOD: A prospective, randomized clinical trial compared amniotic membrane transplant with conjunctival advancement in patients with leaking glaucoma filtering blebs. Intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications, and reoperation for glaucoma or persistent or recurrent bleb-leak were compared in the two groups. Patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure was the same at 6 (amniotic membrane transplant, 15.4 +/- 4.4, conjunctival advancement 14.1 +/- 6.4, P = 0.6), 12 (amniotic membrane transplant, 15.0 +/- 6.3, conjunctival advancement, 13.2 +/- 6.6, P = 0.5), and 24 (amniotic membrane transplant, 17.2 +/- 7.1, conjunctival advancement, 15.0 +/- 6.3, P = 0.6) months. The mean number of glaucoma medications in use was the same in the two groups at all time intervals. After an average follow-up of 19 months, there were seven failures in the amniotic membrane transplant group (two with persistent leaks that were unresponsive to further suturing, two with late-onset leaks, and three who required repeat glaucoma surgery) and none in the conjunctival advancement group. The cumulative survival rate for amniotic membrane transplant was 81% at 6 months, 74% at 1 year, and 46% at 2 years. The cumulative survival rate was 100% for conjunctival advancement throughout follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation does not offer an effective alternative to conjunctival advancement for repair of leaking glaucoma filtering blebs.

Amnion↗
PubMed2000

Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute chemical or thermal burns.

PURPOSE: To determine whether preserved human amniotic membrane (AM) can be used to treat ocular burns in the acute stage. DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen eyes from 11 patients with acute burns, 10 eyes with chemical burns and 3 with thermal burns of grades II-III (7 eyes) and grade IV (6 eyes), treated at 7 different facilities. METHODS: Patients received amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) within 2 weeks after the injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Integrity of ocular surface epithelium and visual acuity during 9 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Ten patients were male and one patient was female; most were young (38.2 +/- 10.6 years). For a follow-up of 8.8 + 4.7 months, 11 of 13 eyes (84.63%) showed epithelialization within 2 to 5 weeks (23.7 +/- 9.8 days), and final visual acuity improved > or = 6 lines (6 eyes), 4 to 5 lines (2 eyes), and 1 to 3 lines (2 eyes); only one eye experienced a symblepharon. Eyes with burns of grade II to III showed more visual improvement (7.3 +/- 3 lines) than those with burns of grade IV (2.3 +/- 3.0 lines; P < 0.05, unpaired t test). In the group with grade II or III burns, none had limbal stem cell deficiency. All eyes in the group with grade IV burns did experience limbal stem cell deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in promoting re-epithelialization and reducing inflammation, thus preventing scarring sequelae in the late stage. In mild to moderate burns, AMT alone rapidly restores both corneal and conjunctival surfaces. In severe burns, however, it restores the conjunctival ocular surface without debilitating symblepharon and reduces limbal stromal inflammation, but does not prevent limbal stem cell deficiency, which requires further limbal stem cell transplantation. These results underscore the importance of immediate intervention in the acute stage of eyes with severely damaged ocular surface. Further prospective randomized studies including a control group are required to determine the effectiveness of AMT in acute chemical and thermal burns of the eye.

Acids↗
PubMed2000

Amniotic membrane transplantation or conjunctival limbal autograft for limbal stem cell deficiency induced by 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma surgeries.

PURPOSE: To determine if human amniotic membrane transplantation or limbal stem cell transplantation is effective to restore the corneal surface with partial or total limbal stem cell deficiency, respectively, caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity after glaucoma surgeries. METHODS: Partial and total limbal stem cell deficiency was confirmed by impression cytology as the cause of reduced vision and corneal surface breakdown in a 69-year-old man and a 67-year-old man, respectively, who both had received a total of 105 mg 5-FU injections. Amniotic membrane transplantation or conjunctival limbal autograft was performed for corneal surface reconstruction, respectively. RESULTS: For a period of 15 months of follow-up, the visual acuity improved, and their corneal surfaces remained avascular, smooth, and without recurrence of limbal stem cell deficiency. CONCLUSION: Limbal stem cell deficiency can occur as a late complication for patients receiving 5-FU after glaucoma filtering surgeries. Partial limbal stem cell deficiency can be treated with amniotic membrane transplantation alone, whereas limbal transplantation must be considered as an alternative for total limbal stem cell deficiency to restore the corneal surface integrity and vision.

Aged↗