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Biomedical subjects

S C Stone

Publications and source records attributed to S C Stone.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Radionuclide evaluation of tubal function.

The tubal capacity to transport radioactively labeled human albumin microspheres deposited in the vaginal fornix and cervical canal and to concentrate them on the ovarian surface was evaluated in a group of 34 patient-volunteers. One millicurie of technetium-99 was used to label human albumin microspheres of 20 mu in diameter, suspended in 1 ml of saline. The distribution of the radioactive material was imaged on a gamma camera at different intervals between 15 and 240 minutes. The radiation dose to the ovaries was estimated to be similar to that of a hysterosalpingogram. The results of the radionuclide evaluation were compared with the surgical findings at the time of laparoscopy or laparotomy performed for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons. The overall correlation was 87.1%. It would appear that as opposed to the traditional hysterosalpingogram, a radionuclide test may give a better understanding of the functional capacity of the tube and may also prove a useful method in the evaluation of the results of tubal microsurgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Microorganisms in semen used for artificial insemination.

The effect of freezing semen in a cryopreservative media consisting of egg yolk glycerol with or without erythromycin was tested for its effect on the viability of microorganisms present in donor semen and on sexually transmitted pathogens seeded into semen. All donor semen contained two or three species of microorganisms that could be considered skin flora. Five of ten donor semen specimens contained Ureaplasma urealyticum that was not affected by either freezing or antimicrobial treatment. Some strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, when seeded into semen, survived all conditions except freezing in egg yolk glycerol containing erythromycin. Chlamydia trachomatis was erradicated when erythromycin was present in the cryopreservative. There was no detectable effect of any treatment tested on the survival of herpes simplex virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Peritoneal recovery of sperm in patients with infertility associated with inadequate cervical mucus.

In an effort to complete an infertility evaluation in a group of 25 patients with unexplained infertility, except for persistent inadequate cervical mucus and poor-to-negative postcoital tests, laparoscopy was scheduled as close as possible to the ovulatory day of the cycle. Patients were artificially inseminated with their husbands' sperm 2 or 3 hours before laparoscopy. Sperm was recovered at the time of laparoscopy through a second probe from the pouch of Douglas before and after hydrotubation with a dilute solution of methylene blue. The results were compared with those obtained in a group of 15 women with unexplained infertility and normal cervical mucus and postcoital tests. Sperm were recovered from 8 of 15 control subjects (53.3%) and from 14 of 25 patients (56.1%). In most cases with positive results, sperm were found in the peritoneal cavity before hydrotubation. It is apparent that sperm can reach the peritoneal cavity regardless of the quality or quantity of cervical mucus. It also appears that a normal postcoital test may not indicate adequate sperm transport into the upper genital tract. These results confirm previous observations and question the usefulness of many in vitro tests presently in use for evaluation of sperm penetration in the female genital tract.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1980

Clomiphene-induced ovulation in the 9-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus).

8 armadillos each received 50 mg clomiphene citrate daily for 5 days. 7 of the animals showed an increase in plasma progesterone to a level indicative of ovulation (greater than 10 ng/ml) within 6 days of the last injection. In addition, the administration of clomiphene caused the urogenital smear pattern to change from dioestrous to oestrous.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Plasma progesterone level during delayed implantation, gestation and postpartum period in the armadillo.

Blood samples were obtained weekly from 21 pregnant armadillos during the months of June through May and analyzed by radioimmunoassay for progesterone concentration. Following ovulation and mating, the plasma concentration of progesterone remained elevated (greater than 13 ng/ml) during the 3.5 months of delayed implantation. As implantation occurred in October, the plasma concentration of progesterone increased and remained at approximately 20 ng/ml in all animals through March. Ten of the animals delivered during March and April in captivity. The date of the blood sample collection was calculated as the number of days before or after parturition. Progesterone concentration was not decreased prior to delivery and remained elevated for as long as 55 days following parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Complications and pitfalls of artificial insemination.

Pregnancy resulting from AID procedures compares favorably with pregnancies occurring in the general population. However, it seems advisable to start a concerted effort to learn more about AID techniques in order to offer a more reliable and safe procedure. Thus, it may be possible to increase the overall success rate and to better define the conditions that determine its failure in apparently normal women.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1979

A syndrome characterized by recurrent symptomatic functional ovarian cysts in young women.

A syndrome characterized by the persistent recurrence of symptomatic functional ovarian cysts, elevated plasma estradiol levels, and infertility in four young patients is described. Two of the patients experienced recurring ovarian cysts following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Pathologic findings confirmed the presence of ovarian tissue in all cysts. Recurrent cysts formation is attributed to either an increased production of gonadotropins or a hypersensitive response to normal gonadotropins. The development of recurrent cysts following bilateral oophorectomy indicates that some ovarian or "ovarian-like" tissue is present within the pelvic cavity, anatomically unrelated to the normally positioned ovaries. This extraovarian tissue may become sensitive to circulating gonadotropin levels in the absence of normal ovarian tissue. The source of this extraovarian tissue is discussed from an embryologic standpoint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of a new vaginal contraceptive.

A new chemical contraceptive in the form of a vaginal suppository was evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo tests and compared to a leading contraceptive foam and cream. Good in vitro spermicidal effect was observed, but problems in solubility and the position of the suppository against the external cervical os may lead to less clinical effectiveness if not properly evaluated prior to its use.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oral contraceptive used by technician on sensitivity of progesterone radioimmunoassay.

Gonadotropin and steroid radioimmunoassays (RIAs) have been run in our laboratory for the past 6 years. Recently, the progesterone RIA was unpredictable when performed by one technician. After checking the mechanics and reagents, it was discovered that the technician had changed from Ortho Novum 1 + 50 to Ovral about the time the RIA became erratic. Standard curves of progesterone RIAs performed while the technician was taking either Ortho Novum 1 + 50 or Ovral, or on no contraceptive are reported. The data suggest that a probably exhaled metabolic product of norgestrel, the synthetic progestin in Ovral, interferes with the progesterone RIA and indicate an additional variable investigators must eliminate in performing RIAs.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Autonomic innervation and plasma estradiol-17beta and progesterone levels in rats with subcutaneous ovarian autografts.

Ovaries were removed from female rats and immediately autografted into a subcutaneous pouch in the flank in order to quantitate the relationship of graft re-innervation, steroid secretion and vaginal smear pattern. Animals were killed at thre time periods: three days after grafting, on the first day a cornified vaginal smear appeared and at the first metestrus. In addition, control animals were killed at metestrus. Plasma samples were obtained from all rats and analyzed for estradiol-17beta and progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay. At the first day of vaginal cornification after grafting, plasma estradiol-17beta (45.8+/-4.0 pg/ml) was elevated in comparison to controls at metestrus (24.0+/-2.6 pg/ml), but plasma progesterone (21.5+/-4.0 ng/ml) was not different (30.6+/-1.7 ng/ml). Subsequently, at the first metestrus following grafting, plasma estradiol-17beta (23.0+/-3.5 pg/ml) was comparable to control values. In contrast, progesterone was decreased (17.5+/-1.9 ng/ml). A definite correlation was detected between the vaginal smear and plasma levels of steroid hormones in the castrated female rat with subcutaneous ovarian autographs Histochemical techniques were used to study the adrenergic and cholinergic innervations of grafts three days after grafting, at the first day of vaginal cornification, and at the first metestrus. No correlation was shown between density of adrenergic or cholinergic innervation and plasma levels of estradiol-17beta and progesterone or onset of a cycling vaginal smear.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1976

The effect of frozen ovarian autografts on compensatory ovulation and steroid production in unilaterally ovariectomized rats.

In the present study rats were unilaterally ovariectomized (ULO) and the surgically removed ovary was frozen for 13 days. After allowing the remaining ovary to compensate with respect to number of ova shed, the frozen graft was thawed and transplanted subcutaneously to determine the effect on ovulation number, cycle length, uterine weight, ovarian weight and plasma levels of estradiol-17beta (E2) and progesterone. Rats ULO at 45 days of age, which received an autograft 13 days later, had a decrease in the number of eggs shed as compared to control ULO rats (6.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 11.1 +/- 0.9 eggs, respectively) and a decrease in plasma E2 (14.5 +/- 1.7 VS. 21.0 +/- 1.5 PG/ML, respectively). No differences were observed in progesterone concentration, uterine weight, ovarian weight or cycle length. In contrast, rats ULO at 31 days of age, which received an autograft 13 days later, showed no differences in comparison to control ULO rats. Castrates which received ovarian autografts developed cycling vaginal smears and had increased E2 (31.9 +/- 4.3 pg/ml) and decreased progesterone (18.3 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) levels. Since ULO animals with autografts shed fewer ova, the present study demonstrates that the amount of ovarian tissue influences ovulation number either by utilization of gonadotropins or by an, as yet, undefined mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Progestational potency of oral contraceptives.

The induction of glycogen deposition as subnuclear vacuoles was found to be a better method in estimating progestational potency of individual progestins than the delay of menses assay. Norgestrel was the most potent progestin in all assays. The progestational potency of oral contraceptives was estimated by multiply potency of individual progestins by their dose. Combination oral contraceptives containing norgestrel were in the mid range of progestational potency because of the relatively higher potency of their progestin. The progestational potency of the norethindrone "mini" pill was compared with that of the norethindrone low-progestogen combination pill and the sequential pill over a 28-day cycle, and no appreciable difference was found.

Contraceptives, Oral↗