A total of 1,670 school going children (urban 1030 and rural 640) in the age range of 12-14 years were screened for hearing loss during a survey conducted by the Department of Otolaryngology of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh. 6.31% of cases in the urban group were found to be having hearing loss as compared to 32.81% of cases in the rural group. Secretory otitis media was found to be the commonest cause of hearing impairment in both the urban and rural group accounting for 5.33% and 33.59% respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ovulation: a multi-gene, multi-step process.

The luteinizing hormone (LH) surge initiates a cascade of proteolytic events that control ovulation. One of the genes induced by LH is the progesterone receptor (PR). Because mice with a mutant PR gene (PRKO) fail to ovulate and are infertile, we have used them as a model in which to determine PR target genes that might mediate the ovulatory process. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs: MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13) appear to be expressed in ovaries of PRKO mice in a manner similar to that in their wild-type littermates. However, the expression of two other types of proteases, cathepsin L (a member of the papain family) and ADAMTS-1 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-like motifs), are selectively induced in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles by the LH surge. Maximal levels of these proteases are observed at 12-16 h after an LH surge, the time of ovulation. Furthermore, mRNAs encoding cathepsin L and ADAMTS-1 are reduced in the PRKO mice compared to their wild-type littermates. These novel observations indicate that these two proteases regulate some key step(s) controlling ovulation.

ADAM Proteins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of protein synthesis in the first trimester human placenta by 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone.

Addition of 17 beta-oestradiol or progesterone to first trimester human placental explants in vitro resulted in the stimulation of protein synthesis, as seen by autofluorographic analysis of placental tissue and medium proteins. An increase in the incorporation of [35S]methionine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable proteins was seen, following the addition of 17 beta-oestradiol. Use of aromatase inhibitor to block the synthesis of 17 beta-oestradiol inhibited the protein synthesis and while addition of cyclohexamide blocked both basal- and 17 beta-oestradiol-induced protein synthesis, actinomycin-D blocked only 17 beta-oestradiol induced protein synthesis. Double labelling of placental proteins in the presence and absence of 17 beta-oestradiol also indicated that there is a significant stimulation of protein synthesis by 17 beta-oestradiol. Based on these results it is suggested that oestradiol has a role in regulation of placental protein synthesis.

Cycloheximide↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic factors in complicated and uncomplicated chronic otitis media.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that make a patient of chronic suppurative otitis media more susceptible to the development of a complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 125 patients of both complicated and uncomplicated cases of chronic suppurative otitis media who underwent mastoid surgery was undertaken to study the percentage proportion of various complications and to correlate various variables, such as age, sex, duration of ear discharge, otoscopy, operative findings, state of pneumatization, and microbiology of the ear. RESULTS: It was found that patients with complicated ear disease had ear discharge for a shorter duration compared with those without complications. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the otoscopic findings in both the groups. At surgery, presence of granulation tissue was significantly seen in the group with complications (P < .05). Radiologically, degree of mastoid pneumatization had no significant difference in the two groups, except the presence of lytic lesion in patients more than 15 years of age in the group with complications. Bacteriological examination showed significant isolation of anaerobes in patients with complications (P < .01). CONCLUSION: A history of ear discharge for a short duration in a younger patient less than 15 years of age, the presence of anaerobes in the ear discharge, and granulation tissue at surgery increase the probability of development of a complication in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Osteogenic sarcoma of the temporal bone.

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Adolescent↗