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Biomedical subjects

S C Schimpff

Publications and source records attributed to S C Schimpff.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral, nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis.

Reverse isolation and prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics were evaluated among 64 consecutive noninfected adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia admitted for remission induction. Patients were randomly allocated to laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics (LAF plus A), routine hospital ward care with antibiotics (W plus A), or ward care alone (W). The LAF plus A patients had a significantly decreased incidence of total infection, bacteremias, pneumonias, rectal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and pharyngitis. Infectious deaths were reduced in the LAF plus A group and the time to the first infection or to fatal infection was delayed. The W plus A patients who regularly ingested the antibiotics had a reduction in infections similar to that of the LAF plus A patients but those who could not tolerate the antibiotics had an incidence of infection comparable to the ward patients. The LAF plus A and the W plus A patients also had higher complete remission rates and longer median survival than the unprotected ward patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1974

Comparative activity of tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin alone and with carbenicillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The effect of gentamicin against 130 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was compared with that of two investigational aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and amikacin. Minimal inhibitory concentration data indicated that, on a weight basis, tobramycin was two to four times as active as gentamicin against most isolates. However, 14 of 18 organisms highly resistant to gentamicin (>/=80 mug/ml) were also highly resistant to tobramycin. Amikacin was the least active aminoglycoside on a weight basis, but none of the isolates were highly resistant to this antibiotic. When therapeutically achievable concentrations were used, adding carbenicillin to gentamicin or to tobramycin enhanced inhibitory activity against those isolates susceptible (</=5 mug/ml) or moderately resistant (10 to 40 mug/ml) to the aminoglycoside. Such synergy was seldom demonstrated for isolates highly resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin. The combination of carbenicillin and amikacin enhanced inhibition against all but two of the isolates. Both tobramycin and amikacin offer in vitro advantages over gentamicin against P. aeruginosa.

Amikacin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Piperacillin sodium: antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions.

Piperacillin sodium is a beta lactam antibiotic with a broad range of antibacterial activity that includes gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase-producing S. aureus) and anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis. Piperacillin inhibits many of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas, at lower concentrations than required for carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Piperacillin sodium is administered by intramuscular and intravenous injection and is widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues. Like other newer penicillins, piperacillin is excreted by both renal and biliary mechanisms. The primary route of elimination is by glomerular filtration, which results in high urinary concentrations of the unchanged compound. Piperacillin has been approved for patients with serious infection caused by susceptible strains of specific organisms in intra-abdominal, urinary tract, gynecologic, lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gonococcal infections and septicemia. As with other penicillins, piperacillin has a low frequency of toxicity. The usual dose of piperacillin in adults with serious infections with normal renal function is 3-4 g every 4-6 hr as a 20-30 min infusion, with a maximum dose of 24 g per day. It is stable in most large volume parenteral solutions. Less serious infectins (requiring smaller dosages) may be treated by intramuscular injection; however, no more than 2 g should be given at any one injection site. Overall, piperacillin has a greater degree of activity than other penicillins. Evidence from prospective studies indicates that piperacillin is a highly effective agent for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Bacteria↗