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Biomedical subjects

S C Pradhan

Publications and source records attributed to S C Pradhan.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Drug utilization at primary health care level in southern India.

Primary health centres provide health care to the majority of the population in developing countries. A drug utilization study was conducted for 1 y at two primary health centres in Pondicherry, India. Information on complaints, diagnosis and drugs prescribed was collected. From the 2953 prescriptions studied, it was found that on an average each patient received 2.71 drugs. Vitamins, antibiotics, analgesics and antihistamines were the most commonly used, accounting for more than 80% of the drugs prescribed. The antimicrobials which constituted one fourth of the drug consumption, comprised sulphonamides, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. About half of the patients received injections, particularly of the vitamin B Complex and antibiotics. The results will be used to plan intervention strategies for the promotion of rational drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rabies antibody titers in vaccinees: protection, failure and prospects.

Treatment of symptomatic rabies is a challenging task as no effective drug is yet available. Hence, prophylactic immunization is an important step. The development of adequate level of antibody (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/ml serum) is necessary for protection against the disease. In contrast to the nerve tissue vaccines, tissue culture vaccines particularly human diploid-cell strain type is highly potent and least reactogenic. To minimize the costs of immunization by this expensive vaccine, small dose intradermal administration has been advocated for developing countries with endemic rabies. Concurrent use of serum and antimalarials may interfere with adequate immune response. Efforts are in progress for the development of more potent subunit and recombinant antirabies vaccine for future human use. This review makes an attempt to study the antibody levels in the vaccinees regarding its role in the protection and failure against clinical and experimental rabies.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Changing pattern of antimicrobial utilization in an Indian teaching hospital.

A study was conducted at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India, on the pattern of antimicrobial utilization in hospitalized patients. A retrospective study was conducted during a one-month period between January 18 to February 17, 1987. The data were analyzed according to modified Kunin's criteria. The results were compared with a similar study conducted a decade ago. The study revealed a marked increase in the use of antimicrobial agents (from 19.9% to 56.1%). A more appropriate use of antimicrobial agents was observed (from 66.8% to 79.5%). A significant increase in their appropriate use for therapeutic purpose (50% to 88.2%), but not for prophylaxis (79.05% to 71.18%) was seen. The study revealed a marked increase in the use of antimicrobial agents during the last decade resulting in the emergence of nosocomial infections of resistant strains of organisms.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal variation in amylase, invertase, cellulase activity and carbon dioxide evolution in a tropical protected grassland of Orissa, India, sprayed with carbaryl insecticide.

A distinct seasonal variation in the enzyme activities and carbon dioxide evolution in soil, with a maximum in summer, was observed in soil treated with carbaryl and in control soil. There was no significant difference in the rate of enzyme activity between 0 and 10 cm and 10 and 20 cm depth of soil. Carbaryl insecticide applied at a normal agricultural dose did not have any inhibitory effect on soil enzyme activity, or on the rate of CO(2) evolution. However, the cellulase activity was greater in the surface soil of the control plot than in the treated plot.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Do mast cell degranulators release prostaglandins from frog atria?

Isolated atria of frogs responded to compound 48/80 and d-tubocurarine with a delayed stimulation that showed tachyphylaxis and cross-tachyphylaxis indicating a common indirect mechanism. The blockers of H2-histamine, serotonin and beta-adrenergic receptors did not significantly antagonise these responses. However, in experiments with ex vivo and in vitro indomethacin-treated atria, the stimulant effects of mast cell degranulators were not observed, indicating a possible involvement of the prostaglandins.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Studies on histamine and histaminase in spring catarrh (vernal conjunctivitis).

Patients with spring catarrh (vernal conjunctivitis) were studied for blood histamine (36) and plasma histaminase (16), and were compared with control histamine (22) and histaminase (19) levels. The patients group showed significantly higher histamine and lower histaminase levels than the respective controls. In addition, the patients also had higher eosinophil counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The data suggest that a systemic allergic process may be the most important underlying causative factor in this disorder.

Adolescent↗