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Biomedical subjects

S C Patel

Publications and source records attributed to S C Patel.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Machakos Project Studies: agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. VII. The incidence of diarrhoeal disease in the under-five population.

The outcome of three years of fortnightly diarrhoea surveillance of about 4000 children under the age of five is described. The two-weekly incidence of diarrhoea in children in the age group 0-5 months, 6-11 months and 12-23 months, who were reported and/or observed to be ill, was 3.4%, 5.6% and 3.4% respectively. A decline in the attack rates of diarrhoea not associated with measles at the end of 1975 and the beginning of 1976 corresponds with a similar decline in the incidence of measles and malnutrition. Initially diarrhoea information was only obtained from children who where reported and/or observed to be ill; later on, all mothers were questioned about their children's diarrhoea experience at the moment of the fieldworkers's visit or in the preceding two weeks. This yielded a four to sevenfold increase in diarrhoea incidence. Thus, diarrhoea appears to be a common condition among under-fives which is not necessarily considered to be an illness by the mother.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

Penbutolol in hypertension: a pilot study with single daily doses.

A pilot single-blind placebo controlled crossover within-patient study was undertaken in essential hypertension. In ten patients single daily doses of 25 mg and 50 mg and in two patients 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg were used. Satisfactory reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and erect postures were observed. Reduction in heart rate was of the order of 6-32%, there being no correlation between reductions in blood pressure and decrements in heart rate. Three patients were dropped from the final analyses. Seventy-eight per cent (7/9) of patients had a final diastolic pressure (lying) of 90 mm Hg or less. Single doses of penbutolol controlled blood pressure for at least twenty-four hours. At the end of two weeks on placebo medication, following nine weeks of active drug medication, blood pressure had reverted to near pre-treatment levels. Penbutolol was well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Toxic megacolon: results of emergency colectomy.

In order to assess the results of emergency colectomy for toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis, the records of 40 patients treated over a 16-year period were reviewed. The diagnosis of toxic;colon was confirmed by a combination of clinical, radiologic, operative and pathologic examinations. Steroids were part of the treatment before operation in 36 patients. The surgical procedures included subtotal celectomy in 37 patients and total proctocolectomy in 3. Fecal spillage was recognized in 10 procedures. Two patients died postoperatively, but in neither had fecal contamination been observed. The findings of this review support the use of colectomy as the surgical treatment for toxic megacolon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Twenty-five years of experience with radical surgical treatment of carcinoma of the extraperitoneal rectum.

Between the years 1950 and 1975, 1,100 patients with carcinoma of the rectum were seen at the Toronto General Hospital. Of these, 519 had tumors below the peritoneal reflection. The resection rate in this latter group of patients was 94%. One hundred and thirty-three patients were treated by low anterior resection (LAR) and 316 by combined abdominoperineal resection (APR). Although the incidence of postoperative complications was high (LAR 41%, APR 53%), the operative mortality was low (LAR 2.2%, APR 2.9%). Recurrent tumor appeared more frequently in the pelvis (24%) than at distant sites (18%), was more common in more advanced disease, and correlated with the incidence of late death. The overall (actuarial) survival figures were 50% at 5 years and 37% at 10 years, with no significant difference between LAR and APR. For curative resections, the 5- and 10-year survival figures were 59% and 44%, respectively. Clinical staging (Dukes) influenced survival greatly, both at 5 years (Dukes A 77%, B 65%, C 33%, D 3%) and at 10 years (Dukes A 55%, B 53%, C 20%, D 0%). The level of the lesion did not influence either recurrence rate or survival.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral hemorrhagic complications of thrombolytic therapy.

Thrombolytic therapy is well established in the management of a select group of atherothrombotic and thromboembolic diseases at the expense of definite but increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage is higher (6.4% to 20%) in the thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke, whereas the cerebral hemorrhagic complications of thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and arterial and graft occlusion is less than 2%. Although systemic fibrinolysis after thrombolysis is responsible for hemorrhagic complications, many factors are implicated in predisposition to cerebral hemorrhagic complications such as old age, untreated or chronic hypertension, history of cardiac disease, hyperglycemia, patients with small body mass, previous stroke, longer therapeutic treatment window, increasing neurological deficit or severity of neurological deficit, higher thrombolytic dose and computed tomography findings of mass effect, edema, or extended infarct sign involving more than one third of the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Although the knowledge of different factors associated with intracranial hemorrhage is important, it is the judicious use and strict adherence of appropriate clinical protocols in different clinical settings of thrombolytic treatment and avoidance of the contra-indications that will minimize the rate of hemorrhagic complication to achieve good clinical outcome and desired benefit.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraventricular primary neuronal neoplasms: CT, MR, and angiographic findings.

Intraventricular primary cerebral neuroblastoma and the more differentiated intraventricular neurocytoma are primary neuronal tumors that share common radiological characteristics. This article describes the imaging characteristics of these rare tumors using CT, MR, and angiography. We present one case of each neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Persistent trigeminal artery detected with standard MRI.

The trigeminal artery is the most common of the primitive carotid-basilar anastomoses to persist into adulthood. Prior to the introduction of MRI, the diagnosis of persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) could only be made at cerebral angiography. This study compares angiography and standard brain MRI in 11 cases of PTA. Nine of the 11 PTAs were identified with MRI. Axial imaging gave the best definition of the course of the PTA.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral venous thrombosis with lupus anticoagulants. Report of two cases.

Lupus anticoagulants are circulating autoantibodies, primarily directed against phospholipids, that prolong the partial thromboplastin time. They have been previously associated with systemic arterial and venous thrombosis and arterial stroke, but not with cerebral venous thrombosis. We describe 2 young patients with cerebral venous thrombosis documented by intravenous digital subtraction angiography in whom a lupus anticoagulant was demonstrated. Both patients improved with corticosteroid and anticoagulant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of absence of CSF pulsation artifacts in the MR detection of significant myelographic block at 1.5 T.

MR imaging was performed on 21 patients who had high-grade myelographic block due to various diseases in all spinal compartments (extradural, intradural/extramedullary, and intramedullary) and in all portions of the spinal canal (cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral). Loss of CSF pulsation artifacts due to significant compression of the spinal cord was demonstrated on non-motion-compensated T2-weighted examinations in each case. We believe that the absence of such artifacts on these sequences indicates significant spinal cord compression in patients without classic signs and symptoms of cord compression but with intraspinal disease identified on T1-weighted studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiographic features of gliosarcoma.

Gliosarcoma is a brain neoplasm that is being recognized with increasing frequency. We discuss the radiographic findings in 14 pathologically proven cases. At angiography in nine cases, four showed mixed dural and pial vascular supply to the lesion. Early cortical venous drainage, irregular tumor vessels, and a prominent vascular stain with well-defined tumor margins were seen in the majority of cases. CT showed an irregular enhancing rim surrounding a necrotic center in 14 cases. Most lesions were peripherally located and invaded dura.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral angiography in brainstem revascularization.

Surgical management of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency has been developed within the past decade. Cerebral angiography plays a crucial role in identifying potential surgical candidates and in directing the surgical approach. Fifty-two patients underwent brainstem revascularization procedures at Henry Ford Hospital between November 1979 and August 1985. Twelve occipital artery to anterior inferior cerebellar artery bypasses, five occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypasses, four intracranial vertebral endarterectomies, 29 superficial temporal to superior cerebellar artery bypasses, and two superficial temporal to posterior cerebral artery bypasses were performed. The preoperative angiograms in these patients were analyzed to illustrate how angiographic localization of vascular disease directs the surgical approach. We report the results of postoperative angiograms. Technical features of the various surgical procedures, the role of the neuroradiologist, and several features of the angiographic technique used with these patients are described.

Adult↗