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Biomedical subjects

S C Kim

Publications and source records attributed to S C Kim.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of steinstrasse with repeat extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: experience with piezoelectric lithotriptor.

Among 958 patients with renal stones who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy using an EDAP-LT01 piezoelectric lithotriptor steinstrasse developed in 55 (5.7%). Of these 55 cases stone fragments passed spontaneously in 35 (63.6%) and were treated successfully (no residual stone fragment in ureter) with repeat ESWL in 18 (32.8%). Only 2 patients (3.6%) required ureteroscopic management or open ureterolithotomy. Therefore, repeat ESWL is considered a good initial method to treat complicated steinstrasse.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Paraneoplastic pemphigus. An autoimmune mucocutaneous disease associated with neoplasia.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: We describe five patients with underlying neoplasms in whom painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphous skin lesions developed, usually with progression to blistering eruptions on the trunk and extremities. Histologic examination showed vacuolization of epidermal basal cells, keratinocyte necrosis, and acantholysis. Immunofluorescence testing revealed atypical pemphigus-like autoantibodies in perilesional epithelium and serum from all five patients. We studied the antigenic specificities of the autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, using extracts of 14C-labeled human keratinocytes. IgG purified from the serum of one patient was passively transferred to four neonatal mice to test for pathogenicity. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence testing showed that the autoantibodies bound to the surface of tissues containing desmosomes, including complex and simple epithelia, and myocardium. An identical and unique complex of four polypeptides with molecular weights of 250, 230, 210, and 190 was immunoprecipitated by all serum samples. The 250-kd polypeptide comigrated with desmoplakin I (a protein found in the desmosomes of all epithelia), and the 230-kd antigen comigrated with the antigen of bullous pemphigoid. Cutaneous blisters, a positive Nikolsky's sign, and epidermal and esophageal acantholysis developed in all mice into which the autoantibody was injected. Electron microscopy showed epidermal acantholysis similar to lesions of experimentally induced pemphigus vulgaris. CONCLUSION: These five patients with cancer had a novel acantholytic mucocutaneous disease characterized by autoantibodies that were pathogenic after passive transfer. The autoantibodies from these patients reacted with an antigen complex composed of desmoplakin I and the 230-kd antigen of bullous pemphigoid and two as yet unidentified epithelial antigens. We suggest the term "paraneoplastic pemphigus" for this disease.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed1990

Diagnostic value of the radioisotope erection penogram for vasculogenic impotence.

Radioisotope erection penography of 113 consecutive impotent patients (41 with psychogenic and 72 with vasculogenic impotence) and 15 normal potent men were obtained. Twenty minutes after intracavernous injection of 99mtechnetium-pertechnetate 40 mg. papaverine hydrochloride were administered into the corpus cavernosum to induce erection. A gamma camera with a pinhole collimator was used to monitor the radioactivity. Various penogram indexes were calculated from the time activity curve and their usefulness was evaluated. Index A1 was useful to differentiate vasculogenic and psychogenic importance. Indexes V1 and V2 were useful to differentiate arteriogenic and venogenic impotence. The radioisotope erection penogram is a simple, less invasive and valuable screening test in the identification of vasculogenic impotence, and is effective in differentiating arteriogenic and venogenic impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prostacyclin-to-thromboxane A2 ratio in arteriogenic impotence.

It has been suggested that penile hypercoagulability predisposes to aging penile vascular changes and impotence, and that elevated thromboxane A2 during erection may contribute to hypercoagulability and atherosclerosis. Since the ratio of the prostacyclin concentration to the thromboxane A2 concentration is constantly maintained in normal hemostatic responses, an imbalance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin may be a factor to initiate vascular diseases and decrease blood flow. We assess the usefulness of the prostacyclin-to-thromboxane A2 ratio in penile blood during erection for diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence. The ratio in the arteriogenic impotence group was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in the psychogenic and venogenic impotence groups. Therefore, the prostacyclin-to-thromboxane A2 ratio seems to be useful to diagnose arteriogenic impotence.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Studies of the relationship of the 230-kD and 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigens.

In bullous pemphigoid (BP), autoantibodies from most patients recognize a high molecular weight 230-kD epidermal antigen (Ag) by immunoprecipitation. By Western immunoblotting, 50-70% of sera recognize the high molecular weight Ag, but 30-50% recognize a low molecular weight, 180-kD epidermal Ag. We examined the specificities of affinity-purified antibodies against these Ag. Antibodies specific for the 230- and 180-kD Ag were prepared by immunoaffinity against Ag immobilized on nitrocellulose and released by acid glycine. IgG eluted from the 230-kD Ag band retained its specific binding to the 230-kD Ag by immunoblotting, and bound to the epidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ) by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and to hemidesmosomes by indirect immunoelectron microscopy (EM). IgG affinity purified by the 180-kD Ag band bound only the 180-kD Ag in immunoblotting, with no cross reaction to the 230-kD Ag, bound the epidermal BMZ by indirect IF, and also bound to hemidesmosomes in immuno-EM. IgG specific for the 230-kD Ag in immunoblotting immunoprecipitated only the 230-kD Ag, with no apparent precipitation of the 180-kD Ag. Surprisingly, IgG specific for the 180-kD Ag precipitated both the 180- and the 230-kD Ag in immunoprecipitation, and the 230-kD Ag band was much more intense than the 180-kD Ag band. This study shows that apparent cross-reactivity between these Ag by BP autoantibodies can only be detected in native conditions by immunoprecipitation, and cannot be demonstrated using denatured Ag in immunoblotting. The two proteins appear to be distinct Ag, closely associated in the epidermal hemidesmosome, but the exact relationship of these Ag to each other may not be clarified until complete structural data become available.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical application of intermaxillary traction for temporomandibular disorders].

Occlusal splint has been usually used for TMJ arthrosis as a conservative treatment, but the range of its application is narrow and less effective. This study is to evaluate the effect of the pivoting splint with intermaxillary rubber traction, to report the results of the pivoting splint with intermaxillary rubber traction which was used 24 patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy: experience with piezoelectric second generation lithotriptor in 642 patients.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy was performed in 642 patients for 1 year with an EDAP-LT01 piezoelectric lithotriptor. Of 642 patients 398 completed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment and 244 still are undergoing multiple extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy sessions. The 398 patients had renal (64.6 per cent) or ureteral (35.4 per cent) stones 0.6 to 4.8 cm. in diameter (mean 1.4 cm.). No general or regional anesthesia was required except in 7 children. Among 398 patients who completed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy the rate free of stones was 73.4 per cent and the rate of clinically insignificant residual fragments was 12.8 per cent. The success rate (rate free of calculi plus that of clinically insignificant renal fragments) ranged from 95.6 per cent for stones 0.6 to 1.0 cm. in diameter to 52.6 per cent for stones larger than 3.0 cm. (mean 86.2 per cent). The number of treatment sessions in 343 patients with successful results increased in accordance with the stone size, with an average of 1.6 sessions. Double-J* stents were placed in 7 patients and ureteral catheterization was performed in 11 as post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy adjunctive measures. The steinstrasse phenomenon was noted in 14 patients, of whom only 1 required Double-J stenting. There were no significant complications. Therefore, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy monotherapy with the piezoelectric lithotriptor is considered to be a safe and efficient outpatient procedure for the initial treatment of urinary stones regardless of stone sizes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nevus comedonicus associated with epidermal nevus.

A 21-year-old man had a zosteriform nevus comedonicus associated with a surrounding hyperpigmented maculopapular eruption, which had the histologic appearance of epidermal nevus. Scanning electron microscopic examinations of the comedones and the surrounding epidermal nevus showed a common feature, that is, chrysanthemum-like keratotic plugs. The association of a nevus comedonicus with an epidermal nevus and the common scanning electron microscopic findings of both suggest that a nevus comedonicus probably is an uncommon form of epidermal nevus.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Foreign body epithelioid granuloma after cosmetic eyebrow tattooing.

We describe two patients with epithelioid granulomatous inflammation on the eyebrows after undergoing cosmetic eyebrow tattooing. We tried to analyze the causative elements from biopsy specimens and tattoo inks with x-ray microanalysis. We suggest that granuloma caused by cosmetic eyebrow tattooing is a complication worthy of mention.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of the galactosyltransferase reaction by positional isotope exchange and secondary deuterium isotope effects.

The mechanism of the galactosyltransferase-catalyzed reaction was probed using positional isotope exchange, alpha-secondary deuterium isotope effects, and inhibition studies with potential transition state analogs. Incubation of [beta-18O2, alpha beta-18O]UDP-galactose and alpha-lactalbumin with galactosyltransferase from bovine milk did not result in any positional isotope exchange. The addition of 4-deoxy-4-fluoroglucose as a dead-end inhibitor did not induce any detectable positional isotope exchange. alpha-Secondary deuterium isotope effects of 1.21 +/- 0.04 on Vmax and 1.05 +/- 0.04 on Vmax/KM were observed for [1-2H]-UDP-galactose. D-Glucono-1,5-lactone, D-galactono-1,4-lactone, D-galactono-1,5-lactone, nojirimycin, and deoxynojirimycin, did not inhibit the galactosyl transfer reaction at concentrations less than 1.0 mM. The magnitude of the secondary deuterium isotope effect supports a mechanism in which the anomeric carbon of the galactosyl moiety has substantial sp2 character in the transition state. Therefore, the cleavage of the bond between the galactose and UDP moieties in the transition state has proceeded to a much greater extent than the formation of the bond between the galactose and the incoming glucose. The lack of a positional isotope exchange reaction indicates that the beta-phosphoryl group of the UDP is not free to rotate in the absence of an acceptor substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Amplification of cloned DNA as tandem multimers using BspMI-generated asymmetric cohesive ends.

By generating totally asymmetric and complementary cohesive ends it is possible to amplify any cloned DNA fragment, while assuring that all repeating units are ligated in the same orientation. Starting with plasmid pUC18, which contains a unique BspMI site, an amplification plasmid, pSK3, was constructed in which a multiple cloning site (MCS) is flanked by two BspMI recognition sites with identical cut sites, creating the complementary 5'-ATGC and 5'-GCAT single-stranded ends. Any DNA fragment cloned into the MCS could be amplified by (i) excision with BspMI, (ii) fragment isolation, (iii) self-ligation of the fragments using T4 DNA ligase, (iv) selection of multimers of desired length, and (v) cloning them into the BspMI-digested original plasmid. Using this procedure, plasmids carrying either 30 copies of the 60-bp MCS fragment (a control experiment) or ten copies of the 1.2-kb luxA gene fragment were constructed. The plasmids were stable since all the repeat units were in the same orientation, as determined by restriction analysis. Potentially, not only BspMI but other class-IIS restriction enzymes (with recognition sites separated by a fixed distance from the staggered cut points) could be applied, preferably those that create 4-to-5-nucleotide-long cohesive ends and utilize rather rare recognition sites.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Mechanism-based inactivation of rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase by nojirimycin 6-phosphate.

Nojirimycin 6-phosphate (N6P) was tested as a substrate and inhibitor for phosphoglucomutase (PGM). In the absence of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (GBP), the incubation of PGM and N6P resulted in the complete inactivation of all enzyme activity. When equimolar amounts of N6P and GBP were incubated together with PGM, the GBP was quantitatively converted to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and phosphate. At higher ratios of GBP and N6P (greater than 100) the final concentration of G6P produced was found to be 19 times the initial N6P concentration. These results have been interpreted to suggest that the phosphorylated form of PGM catalyzes the phosphorylation of N6P at C-1. This intermediate rapidly eliminates phosphate to form an imine and the dephosphorylated enzyme. The dephosphorylated enzyme is rapidly rephosphorylated by GBP and forms G6P. The imine is nonenzymatically hydrated back to N6P. Occasionally (5%) the imine isomerizes to a compound that is not processed by PGM.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed1988

The mechanism of glycogen synthetase as determined by deuterium isotope effects and positional isotope exchange experiments.

The reaction mechanism for glycogen synthetase from rabbit muscle was examined by alpha-secondary deuterium isotope effects and positional exchange experiments. Incubation of glycogen synthetase with [beta-18O2,alpha beta-18O]UDP-Glc did not result in any detectable positional isotope exchange from the beta-nonbridge position to the anomeric oxygen of the glucose moiety. Glucono-1,5-lactone was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor versus UDP-Glc. The kinetic constants, K(is) and K(ii), were found to be 91 +/- 4 microM and 0.70 +/- 0.09 mM, respectively. Deoxynojirimycin was a nonlinear inhibitor at pH 7.5. The alpha-secondary deuterium isotope effects were measured with [1-2H]UDP-Glc by the direct comparison method. The isotope effects on Vmax and Vmax/K were found to be 1.23 +/- 0.04 and 1.09 +/- 0.06, respectively. The inhibitory effects by glucono-lactone and deoxynojirimycon plus the large alpha-secondary isotope effect on Vmax have been interpreted to show that an oxocarbonium ion is an intermediate in this reaction mechanism. The lack of a detectable positional isotope exchange reaction in the absence of glycogen suggests the formation of a rigid tight ion pair between UDP and the oxocarbonium ion intermediate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cleaving DNA at any predetermined site with adapter-primers and class-IIS restriction enzymes.

A four-component system has been designed that makes it possible to prepare a double-stranded (ds) DNA fragment; one fragment end is predesigned (by the use of a class-IIS restriction enzyme and adapter-primer), and the other end corresponds to any normal restriction cut. The system is composed of the phage M13mp7 single-stranded (ss) target DNA; the Fok I restriction enzyme; an oligodeoxynucleotide adapter-primer, which permits one to introduce Fok I cuts at any specified site in the target DNA; and DNA polymerase, which converts the ss target into a ds form ready for cloning. In this system, the oligodeoxynucleotide adapter-primer serves several purposes. The 5' hairpin ds domain of the adapter-primer contains the Fok I recognition site. Its 3' ss domain selects a complementary site on the target ss DNA, hybridizes with it to form the ds cleavage site, and serves as a primer to convert the ss M13mp7 target to ds DNA.

DNA↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of a daily and three intermittent retreatment regimens for pulmonary tuberculosis administered under programme conditions.

One daily and 3 thrice weekly retreatment regimens given for 12 months under programme conditions were compared. The daily regimen was rifampicin and ethambutol (RE7). The three intermittent regimens also contained rifampicin and ethambutol: one of them, rifampicin and ethambutol throughout (RE3); the next one supplemented with pyrazinamide for the first 3 months (REZ3); the last one supplemented with prothionamide for the first 3 months (REPt3). The pyrazinamide containing regimen was subdivided into ordinary and high dose groups. The subjects for retreatment were those who have had, at least, more than 6 months of initial triple chemotherapy of isoniazid, PAS and streptomycin at the health centres, and failed to convert to bacteriologically negative status. Among 419 patients who were available for sensitivity tests before commencing retreatment, 393 (94.3%) were resistant to isoniazid. Six hundred and seventy-four patients (674) were allocated randomly to the regimens: 64 patients were excluded due to various pretreatment reasons and 109 did not complete 12 months of chemotherapy. There remain 501 patients who completed their retreatment. As assessed at 12 months, a bacteriologically favourable response was achieved in 68% of 135 RE7 patients, 62% of 129 RE3 patients, 74% of 132 REZ3 patients, and in 79% of 108 REPt3 patients. Adverse reactions were uncommon: 4% in RE7, 5% in RE3 and 9% in REZ3, but 32% in REPt3. Relapse rates during 2 years after termination of chemotherapy were 15% in RE7, 14% in RE3 and REZ3, and 26% in REPt3, as calculated by life table analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The interaction of monofluorofumarate with adenylosuccinate lyase.

Monofluorofumarate was tested as an alternate substrate and inhibitor for adenylosuccinate lyase. Monofluorofumarate was found to be a slow reacting substrate when either AMP or AICAR (5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) were used as substrate acceptor molecules at pH 7.5. There was no indication that monofluorofumarate could induce the inactivation of adenylosuccinate lyase. The initial reaction product when monofluorofumarate was incubated with AMP in the presence of adenylosuccinate lyase has been determined to be 2-fluoro-adenylosuccinate. This molecule lost HF spontaneously, and the subsequent intermediate was rapidly hydrolyzed to oxalacetate and AMP. A similar reaction scheme was also observed when AICAR was utilized as a cosubstrate with monofluorofumarate. The initial reaction rate when 1.0 mM monofluorofumarate and 1.0 mM AMP were used as substrates with adenylosuccinate lyase was only 1.4% of the rate when 1.0 mM fumarate was used. AICAR (1.0 mM) was found to react with monofluorofumarate at 8.9% of the rate that it reacts with fumarate.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗