Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S C Jordan

Publications and source records attributed to S C Jordan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serum interleukin-2 levels in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Relationship to clinical course and cyclosporin A therapy.

We describe a patient with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) whose serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels were markedly elevated in association with disease activity. With cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment, the patient entered remission and serum IL-2 fell to undetectable levels. After cessation of CsA, the patient relapsed and the serum IL-2 levels were elevated again. Reinstitution of CsA therapy was followed by a partial remission and disappearance of detectable serum IL-2 levels.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1990

Anti-vascular endothelial cell antibodies in severe preeclampsia.

There is mounting evidence to suggest that vascular endothelial cell injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In this study an enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to demonstrate increased binding of immunoglobulins G and M to human umbilical vein endothelial cells by sera from women with severe preeclampsia as compared with normal pregnant control women. Fifty percent of women with preeclampsia versus 15.4% of control women had either immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M binding. In addition, immunofluorescent staining of normal renal cortical tissue with preeclamptic sera showed increased binding of immunoglobulin G to arterioles in patients with anti-vascular endothelial cell antibodies. These antibodies were not directed at HLA antigens and did not cross react with platelets. Interferon-gamma stimulation did not increase immunoglobulin binding. Antibodies to antigens expressed on vascular endothelial cells may be important in mediating the endothelial damage seen in preeclampsia.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Exogenous interleukin-2 does not reverse the immunoinhibitory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin production.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is known to have potent inhibitory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) functions. Previous experiments suggest that addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to cell cultures can reverse the antiproliferative action of 1,25-D3. Previous studies have also shown that the CD4+ T-cell subset is more sensitive to the antiproliferative actions of 1,25-D3 than are the CD8+ T-cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether exogenous IL-2 could reverse the antiproliferative and immunoinhibitory action (inhibition of Ig production) in mitogen-activated PBMC cultures and in fluorescein-activated cell sorting (FACS) experiments where CD8+ T-cells were removed from PBMCs before mitogen stimulation with/without exogenous IL-2 added. In these studies, addition of IL-2 to mitogen-activated, 1,25-D3-treated PBMCs allowed the cells to overcome the 1,25-D3 suppressive effect on cell proliferation. However, exogenous IL-2 did not overcome the 1,25-D3-mediated inhibitory effect on PBMC Ig production. Using FACS lymphocyte populations (CD4+, CD8+ and B-cells), we showed that CD4+ T-cell-directed Ig synthesis in co-culture with autologous B-cells was inhibitable by incubation of cells with 1,25-D3, but Ig synthesis was restored to near-normal levels by addition of exogenous IL-2. This clearly contrasts with the inability of Il-2 to reverse the 1,25-D3 inhibitory effect on Ig synthesis in PBMCs. In other experiments, when CD8+ cells were removed from mitogen-stimulated, 1,25-D3-treated PBMCs, addition of exogenous IL-2 resulted in a full reversal of the 1,25-D3-mediated Ig inhibition. These data suggest that the inability of IL-2 to reverse the inhibitory effects of 1,25-D3 on PBMC Ig production is probably a result of a lack of sensitivity of CD8+ T-cells to the antiproliferative and immunoregulatory actions of 1,25-D3. This is possibly because of a differential expression of 1,25-D3 receptors on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1990

Balloon embolisation of a coronary arterial fistula.

Coronary arterial fistulas traditionally are treated surgically. We describe a case in which a fistula between the right coronary artery and right ventricle was treated by balloon embolisation. Coronary arteriography 13 months later showed that the fistula remained occluded, and that the coronary artery had returned to a normal size. In suitable cases, embolisation of coronary arterial fistulas is an effective alternative to surgery, and can restore normal coronary arterial anatomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Metabolic and hematologic effects and immune complex formation related to pertussis immunization.

Selected metabolic, hematologic, and immunologic functions were evaluated in 3- to 6-mo-old Finnish infants who received whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTP) vaccine, and in 4- to 6-y-old Los Angeles children who received either a licensed DTP vaccine or an acellular pertussis component DTP vaccine. One d after immunization, there was an increase in total leukocytes and neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes in all vaccinees. In 4- to 6-y-old children the leukocytosis and neutrophilia were greater in recipients who received the standard DTP vaccine than in vaccinees who received an acellular pertussis component DTP vaccine. In infants there was an increase in the mean plasma insulin concentration but no change in the glucose concentration 24 h after immunization; no increase in the mean plasma insulin was noted in the 4- to 6-y-old children. Three 4- to 6-y-old vaccinees had higher circulating immune complex concentrations after immunization and two of these children had high clinical reaction scores. The etiology of adverse reactions after DTP immunization is multifactorial. In contrast with findings in animals, our findings do not demonstrate a clinically significant effect due to lymphocytosis-promoting factor on glucose metabolism in vaccinated children. Neutrophilia in vaccinees is probably due to endotoxin, and some reactions may be due to circulating immune complexes.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

Effects of cytokines on the production of lipoprotein lipase in cultured human macrophages.

Macrophages are important cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis because of their tendency to accumulate lipid and become transformed into foam cells. Cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages spontaneously secrete lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and LPL has been linked to increased lipid uptake by these cells. Because secretion of various macrophage products depends on activation by lymphokines, we studied the effects of immunoregulatory lymphokines on LPL secretion by cultured human macrophages. After culturing cells in RPMI 1640 medium with 20% fetal calf serum, recombinant human gamma-interferon (gamma-INF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were added to the medium and LPL secretion was assessed by measuring LPL activity and/or LPL mass in the medium. Gamma-INF suppressed LPL production both when added to freshly plated cultures of human blood monocytes, as well as when added to monocyte/macrophages from mature cultures (day 6) that were producing large amounts of LPL. IL-1 inhibited medium LPL when added to freshly plated cultures, but not when added to mature cultures. On the other hand, IL-2 did not inhibit LPL in freshly plated cultures, but produced a dose-dependent suppression of LPL from mature cultures. None of the cytokines were cytotoxic to macrophages, and cells that were cultured in gamma-INF demonstrated partial recovery from LPL-suppressive doses of the cytokine. After exposure of cells to 50 U/ml of gamma-INF and 50 U/ml of IL-2 for 3 days, LPL mRNA levels, when expressed as LPL/gamma-actin ratios, were 42% and 53% of controls, respectively. Thus, activation of human macrophages in vitro by gamma-INF resulted in a suppression of LPL production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

1-Oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol promotes immunoglobulin production independent of cell proliferation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

1-Oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG) stimulated IgG and IgM production in a dose-dependent manner in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) but not PBM proliferation. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) did not stimulate Ig production. OAG did not stimulate an increase in IL-2 generation or IL-2 receptor expression. H-7, a protein kinase C blocker completely inhibited OAG-stimulated Ig production. The results suggest that OAG stimulation of Ig production is independent of cell proliferation; a generalized increase in T-cell activation does not appear to be necessary in the OAG stimulation of Ig production. Finally, PBMs respond differently to OAG and TPA although both are protein kinase C activators.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1989

A new percutaneous renal biopsy device for pediatric patients.

A new automated biopsy technique is described for performing percutaneous renal biopsies in pediatric patients. The biopsy device (Bard Biopty Instrument) employs a relatively small needle (18 gauge). We believe this procedure offers a safer and more effective means of obtaining adequate renal tissue for pathological assessment in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intravenous gamma-globulin therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus and immune complex disease.

Immune complexes (ICs) are felt to be of primary pathological importance in the mediation of many human glomerular diseases. This is based on the demonstration of Ig and C' in renal cortex tissue of affected individuals. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype IC disease where ICs have been demonstrated in target tissues. Moreover, glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common feature of many autoimmune and infectious diseases associated with IC generation. Current therapeutic alternatives are restricted to immunosuppressive agents. Tomino et al. (Clin. Exp. Immunol. 58, 42, 1984) demonstrated that glomerular IC deposits could be solubilized with HGG. Palla et al. (Clin. Nephrol. 26, 314, 1986) treated four membranous nephritis patients with IVGG and had dramatic resolution of proteinuria in three of them. Gaedlicke et al. (Blut 48, 387, 1984) reported improvement in vasculitis in one of two patients treated with IVGG. We have experienced exacerbation of GN with IVGG therapy in two SLE patients. IVGG is useful in treating the common variable immunodeficiency that occurs in some SLE patients and in treating the immunodeficiency associated with florid nephrotic syndrome. IVGG given to one patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura resulted in the onset of gross hematuria. In sum, IVGG may be useful in treating specific IC renal diseases by solubilization of circulating or in situ ICs but definitive proof is lacking. In other situations, IVGG may exacerbate the glomerulonephritis, possibly through enhanced IC formation. Furthermore, IVGG may induce modulation of immune responses by induction of auto-anti-idiotypic immunity.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1989

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 regulation of interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptor levels and gene expression in human T cells.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25-D3) is known to inhibit DNA synthesis, immunoglobulin and lymphokine production [interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (G-IFN), and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] by mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Recent data suggest these inhibitory effects are mediated at the gene level through inhibition of mRNA accumulation of specific lymphokines in the activated cells. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the CD8+ T cell population was less sensitive to the anti-proliferative actions of 1,25-D3 than CD4+ T cells. The purpose of this investigation was to further assess ability of 1,25-D3 to regulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functions. Initial experiments showed that 1,25-D3 inhibited both IL-2 production and mRNA accumulation in mitogen-stimulated PBMC. However, IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and mRNA accumulation in stimulated PBMC was not affected by 1,25-D3. Both FACS sorted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed IL-2R equally upon stimulation and neither showed an inhibitory effect on this expression by 1,25-D3. Human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a stimulus-specific production of IL-2. CD4+ cells stimulated with mitogen and HLA-DR positive accessory cells produced measurable levels of IL-2 that were completely inhibited by 1,25-D3. CD8+ T cells did not generate measurable amounts of IL-2 in this system. However, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced large amounts of IL-2 when stimulated with mitogen and a protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Under these circumstances, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell IL-2 production was inhibited completely by 1,25-D3. These data suggest that IL-2R expression in PBMCs and T cell subsets is equal and unaffected by 1,25-D3 while IL-2 production in T cell subsets is stimulus-specific and completely inhibited by 1,25-D3.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D3 regulation of immunoglobulin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease characterized by an increase in the secretion of autoantibodies. The mechanisms of autoantibody-induced disease have not been clarified. 1,25-Dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-D3) is known to be important in the regulation of normal human lymphocyte functions. Among its regulatory functions is the ability to inhibit mitogen-stimulated production of immunoglobulin. The experiments reported here explored the regulation of IgG production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with inactive and active SLE. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited mitogen-stimulated IgG production in cells from normal individuals and inactive SLE patients, but not spontaneous IgG production by PBMCs from active SLE patients. Addition of exogenous IL-2 (5-50 U/ml) to 1,25-D3-treated cells from all patient groups did not affect IgG production significantly under any conditions tested. The addition of IL-2 to PMBCs had no effect on IgG production in normal individuals or inactive SLE patients, but stimulated IgG production in PBMCs of active SLE patients. We conclude that the regulation of mitogen-stimulated IgG production in inactive SLE patients by 1,25-D3 and IL-2 is similar to normal individuals, but IgG production by active SLE PBMCs is unresponsive to 1,25-D3 regulation and is increased with the addition of IL-2.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Aspergillus ball thrombus occluding a homograft conduit.

Almost total occlusion of an aortic homograft conduit by a ball of Aspergillus terreus was found postmortem in a 6-month-old infant following repair of a type I truncus arteriosus. Signs of pulmonary hypertensive crisis, fever, anaemia, and thrombocytopenia were present. However, blood cultures were persistently negative. A 2-D echocardiogram failed to demonstrate any vegetation. The clinical, pathological, and postmortem findings are described and difficulties in the diagnosis of Aspergillus infection are discussed.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1989

Recurrent glomerular diseases in kidney transplants.

Recurrent glomerular diseases are a very important consideration for all physicians who offer the possibility of transplantation to their patients. A knowledge of the rates of recurrence is important so that informed consent can be given by the parents and patients. Despite these considerations, the possibility of recurrent glomerular disease occurring in an allograft is rarely, if ever an absolute contraindication for transplantation. History has shown us that ESRD secondary to immunological renal diseases such as SLE that were originally considered nontransplantable is amenable to transplantation, and that recurrence of the original disease is not the problem it was once though to be. These enlightened clinical investigations have allowed us to offer renal transplantation to patients who would have otherwise died. It is important that we continue to allow logic and orderly clinical investigation to direct our therapies rather than relying on presumption.

Adolescent↗