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Biomedical subjects

S C Hsu

Publications and source records attributed to S C Hsu.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the gallbladder from an anomalous connection between the bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

Anomalous connection between the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct has recently been reported to be associated with cancerous changes of the biliary tract. A 52-year-old Chinese man had a fungating tumor in the gallbladder, and a long common channel between the bile duct and the pancreatic duct. The association of these two rare disease entities especially in a Chinese man may imply a close relationship between pancreatobiliary anomalous connection and the gallbladder cancer. It is thus prudent to monitor patients with such an anomalous connection closely by serial ultrasonic examination. More aggressively, prophylactic cholecystectomy and reconstruction of the biliary tract may be indicated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Turnover of central biogenic amines in one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats.

Turnover rates, as estimated from the accumulation of the intermediates, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) following decarboxylase inhibition, were used to investigate the relationship between central catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons and the development of hypertension in the one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats. Results indicated that at one week following clipping, 5-HTP accumulation was decreased in the posterior hypothalamus. At 5 weeks no changes were observed. At 20 weeks higher accumulations of both DOPA and 5-HTP were observed in the medulla oblongata while in the anterior hypothalamus DOPA accumulation was increased.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1986

Turnover of central biogenic amines in two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats.

Turnover rates, as estimated from the accumulation of the intermediates dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) following decarboxylase inhibition, were used to investigate the relationship between central catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons and the development of hypertension in 2-kidney, 1-clip renal hypertensive rats. Results indicated that at one week following clipping, DOPA accumulation was increased in the midbrain-pons. At 5 weeks no changes were observed. At 20 weeks a lower accumulation of both DOPA and 5-HTP was observed in the posterior hypothalamus while in the medulla oblongata DOPA accumulation was lower and in the midbrain-pons 5-HTP accumulation was reduced.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1986

Human biliary beta-glucuronidase: correlation of its activity with deconjugation of bilirubin in the bile.

Total and conjugated bilirubin contents of gall-bladder and hepatic biles before and after 24-h incubation at 37 degrees C and beta-glucuronidase activity of hepatic biles were determined in forty-eight patients divided equally into four groups: no stones or control (C), cholesterol stones (CS), black pigment stones (black PS), and brown pigment stones (brown PS). The percent conjugation of bilirubin is lower in gall-bladder biles and hepatic biles after incubation, particularly in black PS and brown PS, when compared with hepatic biles before incubation. Mean endogenous beta-glucuronidase activities at pH 5.2 were 12.0, 15.5, 44.5 and 147.7 nmol min-1 ml-1 for C, CS, black PS, and Brown PS, respectively, which correlated well with the degree of deconjugation of bilirubin in gall-bladder and hepatic biles and with the rate of deconjugation of hepatic bile incubated at 37 degrees C. Only four biles in brown PS exhibited bacterial enzyme activity. We concluded that though bacterial beta-glucuronidase might be responsible for deconjugation of bilirubin in some patients in brown PS, endogenous biliary beta-glucuronidase could play a key role in the pathogenesis of pigment cholelithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The bacterial flora of the intestine of Ascaris suum and 5-hydroxytryptamine production.

Representative facultative anaerobes of the bacterial flora from the intestine of female Ascaris suum were isolated and identified. The number of bacteria in the intestine was approximately 4 X 10(9) per g wet weight of intestine. Seventeen of 19 of the isolated colonies were found to secrete 5-hydroxytryptamine in culture. Holding A. suum in an antibiotic-containing medium did not affect the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the worm, which were 231 +/- 14 ng/g in antibiotic-media as compared to 250 +/- 16 ng/g in control media. This implied that the bacteria may not be contributing to the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the tissues of A. suum.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1985

Heligmosomoides polygyrus: inoculum size and glucose, ion, and gas fluxes in the small intestine of mice.

Female CDI mice were inoculated with 10, 50, 100, 250, or 500 larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus. At Days 7, 9, and 12 after infection, the anterior third of the small intestine was perfused using an in vivo technique. The distribution of worms in the mouse intestine was determined after 7, 9, and 12 days. All worms that were recovered were from the proximal half of the small intestine. When compared to uninfected controls, there was a significant increase (+56%) in glucose absorption of the small intestine at Day 7 after infection with inocula of 50 and 100 larvae; at Day 9, glucose absorption was significantly increased with a 10-larvae inoculum. A decrease in glucose absorption occurred at Days 7 and 9 after infection with a 500-larvae inoculum. Net water absorption was significantly increased (+183%) with the 50- and 100-larvae inocula at Day 7, but was significantly reduced at Day 9 after infection with the 50-, 100-, 250-, and 500-larvae inocula. Both Cl- and Na+ absorption were significantly increased with the 50-, 100-, and 250-larvae inocula at Day 7 after infection; at 9 and 12 days, there was significant net secretion of both ions. In control mice, there was net secretion of K+, while with the 50-, 100-, and 250-larvae inocula on Day 7 there was significant net absorption of K+ ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of severe injury and critical illness on high-energy phosphates in human liver and muscle.

Changes in hepatic and muscle high-energy phosphates in varying degrees of resting hypermetabolism were studied. Fourteen severely injured and five critically ill patients with normal blood pressure were investigated: the results were compared with 14 normal controls. ATP and ADP levels in the muscle were significantly changed in acutely severe injury: lactate and pyruvate levels in the liver and muscle increased; glycogen level in the liver decreased. Meanwhile, high-energy phosphates in both liver and muscle were not significantly changed in ongoing severe injury. Lactate level increased and glycogen level decreased in both tissues. In critical illness, hepatic and muscle ATP and ADP decreased significantly. The energy charge potential dropped. AMP, lactate, and the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio increased. Hepatic, but not muscle, glycogen dropped markedly. The correlation coefficient between hepatic and muscle ATP was 0.61; between hepatic ATP and hepatic glycogen was 0.60. Alteration in the ATP-ADP-AMP system in the liver and muscle suggests a low-energy charge in acute, severe injury and critical illness. This indicates a decreased capacity for biosynthetic reactions and production of storage compounds. The changes in high-energy phosphate in the liver always paralleled similar changes in muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The antilipemic effectiveness of pentaerythritol tetranicotinate on hyperlipidemic patients with or without diabetes mellitus--a double-blind, randomized and two-period change-over experiment.

Pentaerythritol tetranicotinate (Perycit), at an oral dosage of 750 mg daily, was given to 12 patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia and to 12 patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with diabetes mellitus (DM). With 2 months off-drug period as the baseline, each patient then received 3 months of placebo and 3 months of Perycit. The sequence of treatment was randomized and balanced in frequency. Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were used as indices of diabetic control. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C ratio were measured and calculated in order to compare the antilipemic effectiveness of Perycit with that of placebo. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for the statistical analysis. The results showed that in the idiopathic group, Perycit significantly lowered the serum level of TG and the ratio of TC/HDL-C, and elevated the serum level of HDL-C. In the diabetic group, although there was a similar improvement in diabetic control in both periods of placebo and Perycit treatments, there was no change in the serum levels of TG and HDL-C. There was a slight increase of the serum levels of TC in the periods of Perycit treatment, whereas a small increase of HDL-C resulted in a mild decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio. There was mild and transient facial flushing during the Perycit treatment in 6 out of 12 diabetic patients. Otherwise, there was no side effects in either group. Pooling the two groups' data together, Perycit increased the serum levels of HDL-C and decreased the TC/HDL-C ratio. It is concluded that Perycit has antilipemic effects in patients with idiopathic hyperlipidemia, and may be helpful in reducing the atherogenic risks in these patients. In patients with hyperlipidemia superimposed with DM, although the serum lipids composition was not significantly changed after Perycit, the atherogenic risks might also be reduced as demonstrated by the decrease of the TC/HDL-C ratio.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

The site selected by the larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

Histological examination of the small intestine of mice infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus indicates that the final site of the larvae is in the circular muscle layer of the muscularis externa of the anterior small intestine. The larvae become embedded in the muscle between the first and third days after infection and are subsequently sequestered by a localized leucocytic response. There is no evidence of a true cyst. Histological evidence suggests that the larvae actively feed on the tissues of the host during their development.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of Legionella species from drinking water.

Three different species of Legionella were recovered from samples of water taken from chlorinated public water supplies where no coliform bacteria were simultaneously detected. Five of 856 samples yielded Legionella isolates. Three isolates were identified as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, the fourth was identified as Legionella dumoffii, and the fifth was identified as Legionella jordanis. Studies to determine the survival of L. pneumophila Flint 1 serogroup 1 in tap water at various temperatures and in tap water with added sodium hypochlorite were done. These organisms were found to survive for 299 days in tap water at 24 and 5 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. A concentration of at least 0.2 mg of residual chlorine per ml was required to eliminate at least 90% of L. pneumophila and Escherichia coli inocula in 2 h.

Legionella↗
PubMed1984

Hymenolepis diminuta: behavioral effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, acetylcholine, histamine and somatostatin.

Consistent in vitro behavioral patterns were found in the scolex and strobila of adult Hymenolepis diminuta. These patterns were measured with a force transducer and the behavior analyzed with a slow motion closed circuit T.V. Varying concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (Ach), histamine and somatostatin, in the range of 10(-3) to 10(-9) M, were tested for their influence on the rhythmic patterns of behavior. High concentrations of 5-HT and of Ach decreased scolex motility. While 5-HT significantly increased motility in the anterior-, mid- and posterior regions of the strobila at 10(-3) M, Ach inhibited motility in all 3 regions of the strobila at the same concentrations. At high concentrations, somatostatin had a smaller stimulatory effect on worm motility in the anterior and mid-regions; histamine only significantly affected worm motility in the posterior region of the strobila. Depending on concentration, the action of 5-HT, Ach and histamine can be reversed, particularly in the anterior and posterior regions of the strobila. The in vivo assay for worm migrational responses suggests that the action of the neuromuscular stimulators and inhibitors on worm migration is indirect.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of factors affecting the membrane filter technique for testing drinking water.

The following studies were done in response to questions regarding the adoption and use of the membrane filter (MF) technique for testing drinking water for the total coliform indicator group. A comparison with the most-probable-number technique showed that MF procedures with m-Endo agar LES were somewhat superior to the most-probable-number methods in terms of numbers of coliform organims recovered. Medium preparation and storage studies indicated that rehydration of m-Endo agar LES should be done with boiling water for less than 15 min, that m-Endo agar LES should not be exposed to light for more than 4 to 6 h, and that m-Endo agar LES plates may be used for up to 4 weeks and broth verification media for up to 3 weeks under given storage conditions. MF culture colonies were commonly found which did not produce sheen as expected for coliforms and yet were verified as coliforms. The occurrence and morphology of these atypical colonies were studied. Parallel inoculation of both lauryl tryptose (LT) and brilliant green bile (BGB) broth was found to be a better colony verification approach than recommended LT preenrichment before transfer to BGB. Comparison of parallel verification results indicated very little justification for the use of LT medium in MF verification procedures. In the case of overgrown or confluent cultures, the best coliform recoveries resulted from swabbing the MF plate and directly inoculating BGB medium with the swab. The occurrence of overgrowth was defined and evidence was collected suggesting that overgrowth is a function of sample holding time. Evaluation of routine test data and bacterial population reductions as a function of time indicated that nonquantitative recovery of coliforms may not be significantly affected for at least a 72-h sample holding time.

Bacteria↗