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Biomedical subjects

S C Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to S C Hayes.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The technical drift of applied behavior analysis.

Four dimensions (applied, analytic, general, conceptual) were selected from Baer, Wolf, and Risley's (1968) seminal article on the nature of applied behavior analysis and were monitored throughout the first 10 volumes of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Each of the experimental articles in Volumes 1 through 6 and the first half of Volumes 7 through 10 was rated on each of these dimensions. The trends showed that applied behavior analysis is becoming a more purely technical effort, with less interest in conceptual questions. We are using simpler experimental designs and are conducting fewer analogue studies. Although concern for maintenance is increasing, other forms of generality are being measured or analyzed less often. These trends are discussed in terms of a technical drift in applied behavior analysis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Ongoing evaluation of a behavioural sciences course for medical students: uses, methods, limitations.

This paper describes a system of ongoing student evaluation of a behavioral sciences course for medical students. Student opinion about all aspects of the course is tapped, using a variety of methods including formal and informal discussion between staff and students; and written evaluations of lectures, tutorials, textbooks, assignments, and methods of assessing students' performance. The evolution of the evaluation programme into its present form is described, together with the way in which student evaluations are used, and the limitations of these methods of evaluating a course.

Attitude↗
PubMed1979

Alternating treatments design: one strategy for comparing the effects of two treatments in a single subject.

A little used and often confused design, capable of comparing two treatments within a single subject, has been termed, variously, a multielement baseline design, a multiple schedule design, and a randomization design. The background of these terms is reviewed, and a new, more descriptive term, Alternating Treatments Design, is proposed. Critical differences between this design and a Simultaneous Treatment Design are outlined, and experimental questions answerable by each design are noted. Potential problems with multiple treatment interference in this procedure are divided into sequential confounding, carryover effects, and alternation effects and the importance of these issues vis-a-vis other single-case experimental designs is considered. Methods of minimizing multiple treatment interference as well as methods of studying these effects are outlined. Finally, appropriate uses of Alternating Treatments Designs are described and discussed in the context of recent examples.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

The nature of behavioral assessment: A commentary.

This special issue of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis provides the reader with a sample of current work in behavioral assessment. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of behavioral assessment and to place the other articles in context of this developing area.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Non-accidental childhood injury presenting at a hospital casualty department.

One hundred children who attended a Sydney Paediatric Casualty Department with injuries, burns or ingestions of harmful substances were divided into two groups. One group (30 children) consisted of cases which were considered to be those of child abuse or neglect (CAN). In the other group (70 children) there was no suspicion of child abuse or neglect. This was regarded as the "simple accident" (SA) group. The 100 families were visited at home and interviewed about their child's health, child rearing practices, parental expectations for the child, and socioeconomic status. Factors which had a significant association with suspected child abuse and neglect were obstetric complications, prolonged stay in hospital in the first two years of life, low maternal regard for the child, unwed mother of Australian nationality, maternal social isolation, and family disruption during the parents' own childhood. These risk factors may enable the earlier identification of abused children.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1977

A hospital-based community paediatric unit.

Children with multiple handicaps often require the services of a team of professionals to ensure that they receive a comprehensive assessment. It is essential that the information derived from this assessment is conveyed accurately to the child's parents in language that they understand. It is also important that a member of the assessment team is made responsible for seeing that the recommendations made for the child's future are actually carried out. On hundred and twenty-nine children referred for assessment of developmental delay were found to have multiple intellectual, physical and social problems needing a team approach to their assessment, and the mobilization of a variety of community resources to provide their ongoing care.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Single-case designs and clinical biofeedback experimentation.

Rigorous evaluation of the effects of biofeedback with clinical populations is necessary, but practical problems often preclude utilization of between-groups experimental designs involving large numbers of clients with clinically relevant problems. Single-case experimental designs provide a viable alternative for answering most research questions. In addition, single-case designs possess several distinct advantages for biofeedback research, including a focus on clinical significance, the use of variability as data not error, unique procedures for establishing generality of findings, and an ability to deal with ethical concerns in clinical research. Basic procedures in the use of single-case experimental designs are described and illustrations in clinical biofeedback research are provided.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1977

Reducing residential electrical energy use: payments, information, and feedback.

Monetary payments, energy information, and daily feedback on consumption were employed to reduce electricity use in four units of a university student housing complex. A combined multiple-baseline and withdrawal design permitted both within- and between-unit comparisons. Payments produced immediate and substantial reductions in consumption in all units, even when the magnitude of the payments was reduced considerably. Feedback also produced reductions, but information about ways to conserve and about the cost of using various appliances did not. It was also found that, in general, payments combined with either information or feedback produced no greater effect than payments alone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

The marked item technique: a practical procedure for litter control.

Unobtrusively marked items of litter were placed among existing trash on the grounds of a federal youth correctional facility. Inmates voluntarily collected trash and deposited it at a central location, where they were given money or special privileges for each piece of marked litter found. A multiple-baseline design with litter counts in three areas revealed successive reductions of 55%, 88%, and 71% after 17, 22, and 36 days of baseline, respectively. A fourth area served as a baseline-only control, and revealed no systematic changes. Advantages of the procedure over previously devised techniques were discussed and applications in other areas of pollution control suggested.

Journal Article↗