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Biomedical subjects

S C Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S C Gupta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Introduction of new technologies to the medical undergraduate curriculum.

The rate at which new educational technologies are introduced is growing at a tremendous pace. This is in large part due to the recommendations of the AAMC Steering Committee on the Evaluation of Medical Education which strongly supported the use of Medical Informatics technologies for education. Some institutions have attempted to implement these technologies; however, a scientific study has not yet been conducted to document their potential benefit. Our attempts to conduct such a study were met with obstacles of resistance from faculty, administration, and students. To overcome these obstacles we have developed a solution which addresses all of the resistance that we encountered. This solution is based upon three premises: 1) adjunct introduction, 2) multicenter studies, and 3) scientific educational benefit analyses.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1995

Microsurgery without a microscope: laboratory evaluation of a three-dimensional on-screen microsurgery system.

In microvascular surgery, procedures may be both technically and physically demanding. Precise movements sustained over long hours in addition to typically compromised surgeon and assistant positioning lead quickly to physical and mental fatigue. Many of the positioning problems encountered are related to the fact that the eyes of the surgeon must be continually fixed to the microscope eyepieces. This study explores a possible solution: a microscope system that eliminates the need to view the operative field through the microscope eyepieces. A Three-dimensional On-screen Microsurgical System (TOMS) was used and contrasted with conventional operative microvascular surgery in the laboratory setting. The surgeon's comfort, his ability to instruct microsurgical technique, pertinent technological performance, and the procedure itself were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Based on data collected in this study, we conclude that divorcing the surgeon's eyes from the microscope eyepieces using the TOMS may make prolonged microvascular procedures less physically demanding and may increase the comfort level of both the surgeon and his assistant, although refinements to the technology are required.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

A prospective controlled evaluation of endoscopic detection of angiodysplasia and its association with aortic valve disease.

BACKGROUND: In view of controversy about the association of aortic stenosis and angiodysplasia of the gut, we performed a prospective, controlled study to evaluate the relationship between aortic valve disease and gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. METHODS: Forty patients who had endoscopy for clinical indications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, polyps, colon cancer, and dyspepsia, and who were found to have angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract, underwent two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Thirty-seven controls matched for age, sex, indication, and nature of endoscopic examination, but without angiodysplasia, underwent similar echocardiographic examination. RESULTS: None of the patients in either group had aortic stenosis. The prevalence of aortic sclerosis, aortic insufficiency, and low left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in patients with and without angiodysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the role of aortic valve disease as the cause of angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. A subgroup of patients with angiodysplasia with aortic sclerosis, with or without other valvular disease (but none with aortic stenosis), had increased prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding when compared with controls. When aortic valve disease or decreased left ventricular ejection fraction were analyzed as independent predictors, none of them in and of itself appeared to be a factor in bleeding from these gastrointestinal lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Cysticercosis of the tongue.

A 10-year-old Hindu boy had a gradually increasing swelling on the tongue, which was excised and diagnosed histopathologically as a case of cysticercosis. Involvement of the tongue as an isolated lesion has prompted us to present this case. A review on the subject is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Immunodiagnostic moieties in somatic and excretory/secretory antigens of Fasciola gigantica.

Immunodiagnostic potential fractions in fluke antigens and excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen of F. gigantica have been identified using double immunodiffusion (DID), immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) PAGE electrophoresis. Hyperimmunised rabbits elicited considerable level of antibody response with few precipitin lines showing reaction of identity in DID suggesting presence of some common fractions in all antigens. Mature fluke somatic (MFSAg) and immature fluke somatic (IMFSAg) antigens showed exactly similar pattern of precipitin lines in both DID and IEP. Antibodies to experimentally infected rabbits with F. gigantica were also detected by DID using MFSAg and E/S antigens at 4 weeks post infection. However, out of 6-7 fractions obtained from Sephadex G-200 column chromatography in MFSAg and IMFSAg antigens only F3, F4 and F5 along with E/S antigen were able to detect antibodies by DID. Mature fluke and E/S antigen separated out in 9 bands in the range of 12 to 95 kDa and 5 bands in the range of 12 to 29 kDa respectively of which proteins of molecular weight 12, 15, 18, 28 and 29 kDa were common in both antigens. Therefore, it appears that immunodiagnostic fractions of antigens may be present in between 12 and 29 kDa.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Role of AgNORs in diagnosis of early malignant lesions of gall bladder.

Sections from eighty nine specimens of gall bladder including 40 cases of chronic cholecystitis, 9 dysplasia 15 well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 14 moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 11 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were studied for argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR's). The difference between mean +/- SD NOR counts of chronic cholecystitis (1.97 +/- 0.28), dysplasia (5.6 +/- 0.88) well differentiated adenocarcinoma (7.2 +/- 0.30) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (8.0 +/- 0.63) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). NOR counts of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (8.5 +/- 0.78) were higher than moderately differentiated carcinoma but the difference was not statistically significant. Despite the significant difference in the mean values, a considerable overlap in the NOR counts of individual cases of different groups was observed suggesting that though NOR counts can not act as a specific diagnostic parameter for diagnosis of early carcinoma and dysplasia in isolated cases, they may prove to be a good adjunct to already existing parameters like imaging techniques or cytology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

A sequential study of humoral factors in ovarian neoplasms.

A sequential study of serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune-complexes (CIC) and blocking effect of patients' sera on normal T lymphocytes was conducted in 15 patients with benign ovarian tumour, 32 with carcinoma ovary and 20 agematched healthy women. In patients with benign ovarian tumour there was a significant increase in IgG and IgM, while IgA was not altered. In carcinoma, there was no significant change in IgG and IgM but IgA was found to be increased significantly as compared to benign ovarian tumour. Post-operatively, IgM showed a significant increase on the 10th day, probably due to the effect of surgery. There was no significant difference in CIC levels and percentage T cell depression between patients with benign ovarian tumours and healthy controls. In carcinoma ovary both these parameters were increased significantly as compared to benign ovarian tumours. After tumour ablation, they were decreased significantly, until there was recurrence. The alterations in these parameters was not related to any specific histologic type of neoplasm. The study of serum immunoglobulins indicates tumour load, while the estimation of CIC and blocking effect of cancer sera on normal lymphocytes is of a definite diagnostic and prognostic significance.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1994

Necrotizing enteritis simulating Pig-Bel disease in northern India.

OBJECTIVE: A clinicopathological study of patients presenting with necrotizing enteritis, similar to the Pig-Bel disease of Papua New Guinea. METHODS: A clinicopathological study of 95 patients presenting in last ten years with acute abdominal pain with diarrhea and/or bleeding per rectum and vomiting and found to have lesions similar to Pig-Bel disease. RESULTS: 89% of the patients were young adult vegetarians from lower socio-economic strata. 94% of cases presented between May and August every year showing a marked seasonal variation. Jejunum was the most common site (95%) involved. Gross examination showed blackish brown 'skip' lesions with gangrene and perforations. Histology showed marked necrosis and congestion of all the layers with mucosal ulcerations. CONCLUSION: A disease simulating Pig-Bel disease occurs in India. It is more common in young adult vegetarians and may have a different etiology from that proposed in endemic regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of low intensity laser radiation on healing of open skin wounds in rats.

Two full thickness skin wounds were produced on either side of dorsal midline in rats to study the effect of low intensity laser radiation on wound healing. Wounds on left side were irradiated daily with Helium Neon laser at 4 Joules/sq cm for 5 min. Wounds on right side were not exposed and served as controls. The mean +/- SD of time required for complete closure in control group was 14.1 +/- 0.86 days (range 12-15 day) while irradiated test wounds took only 10.3 +/- 0.68 days (range 9-12 days) to heal (P < 0.001). Granulation tissue was significantly (P < 0.001) more in test than in control wounds. Early epithelisation with increased fibroblastic reaction, leukocytic infiltration and neo vascularisation was seen in the laser irradiated wounds. The collagen hydroxyproline concentration of scar tissue was also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in test group on 17th post-operative day. The study establishes the biostimulatory effects of low intensity laser radiation on healing of skin wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Imprint cytology--a cheap, rapid and effective method for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori.

To compare the efficacy of imprint cytology, histology and CLO-test (for biopsy urease) in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection, antral biopsies were taken from 239 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Both imprint cytology and histology showed the presence of H. pylori in 215 (90%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology vis-à-vis histology was noted to be 100%. The CLO-test was performed in 165 patients and was positive in 130 (79%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the CLO-test were 89% and 95%, respectively. The median time required for the CLO-test to become positive and for imprint was 60 minutes for each. The sensitivity of the CLO-test was reduced further in patients receiving colloidal bismuth subcitrate. Of the 27 patients receiving the drug the sensitivity of the CLO-test was only 9% after 4 weeks of therapy. However, the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology were unaffected by the antimicrobial therapy and after 4 weeks of treatment were still 100%. It is concluded that the CLO-test has a lower sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing H. pylori infection compared to imprint cytology, which had a sensitivity and specificity equal to that of histology. Imprint cytology may be prepared as an adjunct to histology in patients in whom antral biopsies are taken as it offers a relatively quick diagnosis of H. pylori infection, is considerably cheaper than the CLO-test and does not require additional biopsy material.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1993

Sonographic measurement of relative renal volume in children: comparison with scintigraphic determination of relative renal function.

OBJECTIVE: Observer error in the sonographic estimation of renal volume in children has not been reported. Knowledge of the possible magnitude of error is important in assessing abnormalities of renal growth. This study was undertaken to determine the error of sonographic measurements of relative renal volume by comparing them with measurements of relative renal function from 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 52 children, 2 months to 16 years old, who had DMSA scintigraphy and renal sonography on the same day. The sonographic and scintigraphic studies were interpreted independently. Relative function of the right kidney as shown by DMSA scintigrams in the direct posterior view was compared with relative volume as determined with sonography. Renal volumes were calculated by using the formula for a prolate ellipsoid. The standard deviation of the differences (SDD) between relative renal function and relative renal volume was calculated, and the limits of agreement were derived. RESULTS: Thirty-three children had normal renal morphology on both studies. Twenty-five kidneys in 19 children were abnormal on one or both studies, including 14 definitely scarred kidneys in 12 children. Relative function of the right kidney in patients with normal kidneys was 50.1 +/- 2.5%, including one possible outlying value. Normal relative volume of the right kidney was 49.1 +/- 3.1%. In patients with normal kidneys, the difference between relative function and relative volume of the right kidney was 1.0 +/- 2.8% with 95% limits of agreement of 6.7% and -4.7%. Agreement between relative function and relative volume was worse for children with abnormal kidneys; the mean difference was 2.0%, and the largest observed difference was 10.9%. Correlation between relative renal volume and relative renal function for all patients was high (r = .94), with 95% limits of agreement of 8.6% and -5.8%. CONCLUSION: The agreement between relative renal function and relative renal volume was good. In children with normal kidneys, estimated relative renal volume derived from sonography can be expected to lie within 6.7% of the relative renal function determined scintigraphically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Use of a colorimetric system to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of entomopathogenic fungi.

An apiZYM system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), Nomuraea atypicola, Nomuraea anemonoides, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the N. rileyi isolates (Mississippi, Ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (Sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea or Heliothis virescens) were used as substrates. Centroid-clustering analysis revealed three distinct enzyme profiles.

Animals↗