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Biomedical subjects

S C Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S C Gupta.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Use of a colorimetric system to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of entomopathogenic fungi.

An apiZYM system, with 19 substrates, was used to detect enzymes expressed by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi (5 isolates), Nomuraea atypicola, Nomuraea anemonoides, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Similar enzyme profiles were obtained for two of the N. rileyi isolates (Mississippi, Ecuador) regardless of whether culture medium (Sabouraud-maltose-yeast) or cuticle (from larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea or Heliothis virescens) were used as substrates. Centroid-clustering analysis revealed three distinct enzyme profiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Branching process with emigration--a genetic model.

Solution of a genetic improvement problem under the model of assortative mating is proposed. This has been achieved through the technique applied to a branching process incorporating a generation-dependent emigration component. The model explains a population subject to culling against genes governing undesirable characters and this work has been tried for a diploid population with two alleles at a single locus, which may be extended to the multilocus case.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

How to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Teaching patients a healthy life-style.

Studies have proven beyond doubt that certain behaviors (smoking, inactivity) and conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia) increase the risk of coronary artery disease. In many cases, the risk can be reduced dramatically with nonpharmacologic methods, but if needed, effective medications are available. First, however, patients at risk must be identified and educated about the importance of adopting a healthy life-style. The authors address all of these issues.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1992

Metabolic and hemodynamic responses to concurrent voluntary arm crank and electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise in quadriplegics.

This study determined the metabolic and hemodynamic responses in eight spinal cord injured (SCI) quadriplegics (C5-C8/T1) performing subpeak arm crank exercise (ACE) alone, subpeak functional electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise (FES-LCE) alone, and subpeak FES-LCE concurrent with subpeak ACE (hybrid exercise). Subjects completed 10 minutes of each exercise mode during which steady-state oxygen uptake (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-v O2 diff), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were determined. Although mean VO2 for both ACE alone and FES-LCE alone was matched at 0.66 l/mi, individualized power outputs ranged from 0-30 W (mean = 19.4 +/- 1.3) and 0-12.2 W (mean = 2.3 +/- 0.6), respectively. Hybrid exercise elicited significantly higher VO2 (by 54 percent), VE (by 39-53 percent), HR (by 19-33 percent), and CO (by 33-47 percent), and significantly lower TPR (by 21-34 percent) than ACE or FES-LCE performed alone (P less than or equal to 0.05). Stroke volume was similar between hybrid exercise and FES-LCE alone, and these two exercise modes evoked a significantly higher SV (by 41-56 percent) than during ACE alone. These data clearly demonstrate that hybrid exercise creates a higher aerobic metabolic demand and cardiac-volume load in SCI quadriplegics than either subpeak levels of ACE or FES-LCE performed separately. Therefore, hybrid exercise may provide more advantageous central cardiovascular training effects in quadriplegics than either ACE or FES-LCE alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A study of humoral factors in carcinoma cervix.

Serum immunoglobulins, circulating immune-complexes and blocking effect of patients' sera on normal T lymphocytes were studied in 10 patients with chronic cervicitis, 25 with carcinoma cervix and 20 age matched healthy women. No significant difference was observed between the healthy controls and chronic cervicitis. In carcinoma, there was a significant increase in IgG and IgA in stage I, IgG and IgM in stage II and in all the three immunoglobulins in stage III as compared to chronic cervicitis. Circulating immune-complexes and T cell depression were also found to be increased and stage related. After radiotherapy, both these parameters and IgG were found to be significantly reduced. The study of these immune parameters seems to be a promising aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with carcinoma cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Physiologic effects of electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise training in spinal cord injured persons.

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiologic training effects of functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer (FES-LCE) exercise in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were previously untrained in this activity. Ten persons with quadriplegia (C5 to C7) and eight with paraplegia (T4 to T11) performed FES-LCE training on an ERGYS I ergometer 10 to 30 minutes per day, 2 or 3 days per week for 12 to 16 weeks (36 total sessions). Training session power output (PO) ranged from 0.0W (no external resistance) to 30.6W. Each subject completed discontinuous graded FES-LCE and arm crank ergometer (ACE) tests before and after training for determinations of peak lower and upper extremity metabolic, pulmonary, and hemodynamic responses. Compared with pretraining, this SCI group exhibited significantly (p less than or equal to .05) higher posttraining peak PO (+45%), oxygen uptake ([O2], + 23%), pulmonary ventilation (+27%), heart rate (+11%), cardiac output ([Qt], + 13%) and significantly lower total peripheral resistance ([TPR], - 14%) during FES-LCE posttests. There were no significant changes in peak stroke volume (+6%), mean arterial pressure ([MAP], - 5%), or arteriovenous oxygen difference ([a-vO2diff], + 10%) during posttraining FES-LCE tests. In addition, no significant differences were noted for the peak level of any monitored variable during ACE posttests after FES-LCE training. The rise in total vascular conductance, implied by the significant decrease in posttraining TPR during FES-LCE tests, denotes that a peripheral circulatory adaptation developed in the persons with SCI during FES-LCE exercise training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Congestive heart failure in the elderly. The therapeutic challenge of atypical presentations.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Symptoms and signs of CHF in the elderly often differ from those in younger patients. Careful attention to these subtle differences helps in detection of concomitant illnesses that mimic or mask heart failure. The therapeutic approach to CHF in elderly patients is similar to that in younger patients. However, in the elderly, increased attention should be paid to the side effects and interactions of the drugs commonly prescribed. Diastolic dysfunction is a recently recognized factor in the pathogenesis of CHF. Because diastolic dysfunction is treated differently than systolic dysfunction, evaluation of CHF should include a search for both entities.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Case report: small bowel histiocytosis-X.

A case of histiocytosis-X with gastrointestinal involvement is described in a 4-month-old child presenting with bloody diarrhoea and obstructive symptoms. Diagnosis was made following laparotomy. The child subsequently developed classical multisystem manifestations of the disease.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1991

Acute hemodynamic responses of spinal cord injured individuals to functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced knee extension exercise.

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare acute hemodynamic responses of spinal cord injured (SCI) quadriplegics (quads), and paraplegics (paras) during a graded-intensity knee extension (KE) exercise test utilizing functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) of paralyzed quadriceps muscles. Seven quads and seven paras (N = 14) performed a series of 4-minute stages of bilateral alternating FNS-KE exercise (approximately zero to 70 degree range of motion at the knee and 6 KE/min/leg) at ankle loads of 0, 5, 10, and 15 kg/leg. Physiologic responses were determined with open-circuit spirometry, impedance cardiography, and auscultation. Comparing rest with peak FNS-KE for both groups combined, FNS-KE exercise elicited significant (p less than 0.05) increases in oxygen uptake (130 percent), pulmonary ventilation (120 percent), respiratory exchange ratio (37 percent), arteriovenous oxygen difference (57 percent), cardiac output (32 percent), stroke volume (41 percent), mean arterial pressure (18 percent), and rate-pressure product (23 percent). Heart rate increased significantly by 11 percent from the 5- to the 15-kg/leg stages. Physiologic responses of quads and paras were very similar, except for lower (p less than 0.05) arterial pressures, rate-pressure product, and peripheral vascular resistance in quads. This graded FNS-KE exercise up to the 15-kg/leg load induced relatively small but appropriate increases in aerobic metabolism and cardiopulmonary responses that appear to be safe and easily tolerated by quads and paras. Arterial pressure needs to be monitored carefully in quads to prevent excessive hypertension or hypotension. Although FNS-KE exercise has been shown to elicit peripheral adaptations to improve muscle strength and endurance, it is probably not an effective central cardiovascular training tool for all but the least fit SCI individuals. This information is important for understanding the effects of FNS use during more complex activities such as cycling and ambulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Musculoskeletal responses of spinal cord injured individuals to functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced knee extension exercise training.

This study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)-induced knee extension (KE) exercise system that incorporates the most desired features of previously described systems by determining the musculoskeletal responses of spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals to training. A specially designed chair and electrical stimulator were fabricated for FNS-induced KE resistance exercise. Surface electrodes were placed over motor points of the quadriceps muscles, and KE was alternated between legs at an average rate of 6 KE/min/leg. KE testing protocols were developed for pre- and post-training evaluations of performance, and 12 SCI subjects exercise-trained up to three times per week for 36 sessions using a progressive resistance load at ankle level. Pre- and post-training evaluation data were statistically compared using a 0.05 level for significance. Quadriceps muscle performance (strength x repetitions) improved for both legs in all subjects as indicated by significant increases in load resistance and repetitions over the 36-session training period (right leg mean = 1156.0 versus 1624.8 kg.reps, left leg mean = 1127.3 versus 1721.1 kg.reps). In addition, knee range of motion significantly increased (right leg mean = 134 versus 146 degrees, left leg mean = 133 versus 144 degrees). Thigh skinfold, thigh girth, body weight and bone density were not significantly changed. The lack of decrease in bone density in some subjects suggests that the training may retard the rate of bone loss which typically occurs with SCI. No injuries or problems were encountered during testing and training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fibrinolysis in idiopathic menorrhagia.

Serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) was studied in 64 patients of menorrhagia without any organic cause in addition to 24 healthy women by Thrombo - Wellcotest HA - 13 Kit (Wellcome, England). Serum FDP levels were found to be less than 10 micrograms/ml in healthy subjects, whereas in idiopathic menorrhagia it was more than 10 micrograms/ml in 59.34% patients. Semi-quantitative estimation of FDP in 14 patients of idiopathic menorrhagia indicated a positive correlation between duration of bleeding and FDP levels. Bleeding appears to be due to increased fibrinolytic activity in uterus secondary to plasminogen activator. Such patients are likely to be benefitted with anti-fibrinolytic agents.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase in lymphatic tissues of Mastomys natalensis during an infection with Acanthocheilonema viteae.

During Acanthocheilonema viteae infection, the specific activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) increased in peritoneal exudate cells and bone marrow and decreased in lymph nodes of Mastomys natalensis throughout the course of infection. However, though there was an increase in specific activity of gamma-GT in thymus and spleen during the prepatent phase of A. viteae infection, the level either returned to normal or decreased during the latent phase of infection. A close correlation was observed between the host's immune status during A. viteae infection and the level of gamma-GT in lymphoid tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Wyburn-Mason syndrome. A case report and review of the literature.

Wyburn-Mason syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder which typically presents with unilateral vascular abnormalities involving the facial structures, orbits and brain. We would like to present the clinical and radiological features in a newborn who had bilateral manifestations of this disorder and review the literature.

Dandy-Walker Syndrome↗