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Biomedical subjects

S C Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to S C Goldberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Borderline personality disorder: symptomatology and MMPI characteristics.

Using the Schedule for Interviewing Borderlines and the MMPI, 20 subjects diagnosed as borderline and/or schizotypal personality disorder were examined to determine 1) whether having one diagnosis affected the likelihood of having the other, 2) the amount of diagnostic overlap between the two diagnoses, and 3) whether different MMPI profiles could be found. The results indicated some overlap but also some differentiation between the borderline and schizotypal disorders. The modest overlap in diagnostic criteria was consistent with other studies and justifies the continued separation of the two diagnoses. The MMPI may be used as an initial screen to identify persons who warrant further evaluation for a borderline personality disorder but would not be appropriate as a screen for a schizotypal personality disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Determining populations at risk for developing anorexia nervosa based on selection of college major.

The prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa among students majoring in the areas of dance, drama, physical education, and English was determined by using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). It was hypothesized that female students who might be prone to develop anorexia nervosa as indicated by anorectic symptoms on the EAT would concentrate in areas of study emphasizing exercise and body image. Results indicate the prevalence of anorectic symptoms among the dance and drama majors to be significantly higher than in the English and physical education groups. These findings are compatible with the belief that individuals at risk for developing anorexia nervosa will gravitate toward areas of culture where there is increased focus on body image but not on physical exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of plasma and serum levels of two tricyclic antidepressants: imipramine and desipramine.

This study was performed to determine the difference, if any, between serum and plasma levels of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine and desipramine. Serum and plasma samples were drawn simultaneously from patients taking either of these drugs. Statistical analysis indicated no difference in the drug levels; that is, serum and plasma levels were identical.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1981

Effects of a six-week drug holiday on symptom status, relapse, and tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenics.

We have conducted a 6-wk drug withdrawal study in a group of chronic schizophrenic outpatients who had been maintained on injectable fluphenazine decanoate for at least 2 yr prior to the study. After two baseline assessments, patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (holiday) received a placebo injection from a nurse who was not involved in the assessment (N = 17). The second group continued on their regular medication (N = 14). The assessment was done in a double-blind fashion at 3 and 6 wk using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) inventories to assess symptom status. Tardive dyskinesia was measured using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Community adjustment was assessed by means of the self-rated Weissman Social Adjustment Scale. We found that there were no relapses of any kind in either group of patients using the instruments mentioned above. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia as measured by the AIMS was low, with only one patient having severe tardive dyskinesia. There was no significant worsening of the tardive dyskinesia during the drug holiday. Our study concludes that a 6-wk drug holiday was safe in this group of chronic schizophrenic patients maintained on fluphenazine decanoate. In contrast to other studies, no cases of covert tardive dyskinesia were detected during the drug holiday.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A double-blind controlled trial of lithium carbonate primary anorexia nervosa.

In this 4-week, double-blind, parallel group study, eight young women with primary anorexia nervosa were evaluated on lithium carbonate, and eight patients were treated with placebo and served as a control. All patients participated in a behavior modification treatment program. The lithium-treated and placebo groups were comparable on nearly all findings measured at baseline (t tests), with no significant differences observed except for calories per day, percent fat composition of the daily calories, "interpersonal sensitivity" on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 (HSCL-90), "self-care" on the Goldberg Anorectic Attitude Questionnaires, (GAAQ) and "manipulation of others" on the physician-rated Psychiatric Rating Scale (PRS). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the baseline measure as the covariate. Group differences appeared in the areas of "denial or minimization of illness" on the GAAQ, "selective appetite" on the PRS, and weight. Although the repeated measures ANCOVA for weight revealed a significant group-by-time interaction, indicating nonparallelism and invalidating the test for group differences, ANCOVAs performed for each individual time point showed greater weight gain in the lithium group at weeks 3 and 4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Bulimia. Its incidence and clinical importance in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Among the various eating patterns encountered in anorexia nervosa, the occurrence of bulimia (rapid consumption of large amounts of food in a short period of time) is a perplexing phenomenon, because its presence contradicts the common belief that patients with anorexia nervosa are always firm in their abstinence from food. We studied the eating habits of 105 hospitalized female patients within the context of a prospective treatment study on anorexia nervosa: 53% had achieved weight loss by consistently fasting, whereas 47% periodically resorted to bulimia. The two groups were contrasted with regard to their developmental and psychosocial history, clinical characteristics, and psychiatric symptomatology. Fasting patients were more introverted, more often denied hunger, and displayed little overt psychic distress. In contrast, bulimic patients were more extroverted, admitted more frequently to a strong appetite and tended to be older. Vomiting was frequent, and kleptomania almost exclusively present in bulimic patients, who manifested greater anxiety, depression, guilt, interpersonal sensitivity, and had more somatic complaints. This association of bulimia with certain personality features and a distinct psychiatric symptomatology suggests that patients with bulimia form a subgroup among patients with anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Drug and psychosocial therapy in schizophrenia: current status and research needs.

The author assesses the current status of research on psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions with schizophrenic patients. Among the issues discussed are the needs to validate the diagnosis of schizoprenia; to reduce sample heterogeneity by defining subgroups based on meaningful response to drug treatment, long-term course, family history, neurologic soft signs, etc.; to characterize the subgroup of patients who do not respond to or do not require neuroleptic treatment; to determine the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia on a national and regional basis; to use blood levels of neuroleptic drugs as indices of whether individual patients are receiving adequate dosages; to investigate further the question of drug compliance and optimal duration of maintenance therapy; and finally to demonstrate how drug treatment and social skills training interact with each other.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Factors influencing hospital differences in weight gain in anorexia nervosa.

In a study of 105 anorexia nervosa patients, large hospital differences were found in weight gain which corresponded exactly to the amount of experience that each hospital had had in treating this disorder, and also corresponded to the degree of milieu structure imposed by each hospital. A further hypothesis to account for the hospital differences was in terms of the prognostic quality of the patients recruited to each hospital. To test the latter hypothesis, a number of prognostic indicators which had already been shown to be related to weight gain were statistically controlled by means of partial correlation. When this was done, the large hospital differences vanished, indicating that they were indeed a function of the qualities the patients brought with them to the hospital rather than what the hospital and its staff did to the patients. The results also indicate that the more experienced investigators seem to be able to recruit patients with better prognoses, whereas the less experienced ones are referred other clinicians' treatment failures.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1979

Unique features associated with age of onset of anorexia nervosa.

The relationship between age of onset of anorexia nervosa and a variety of personal characteristics was examined in 105 patients. Age of onset of anorexia nervosa had a bimodal distribution, with peaks at 14 1/2 and 18 years. The patients whose onset of illness occurred at the later age tended to have a greater weight loss during their illness, more "underweight problems" before the onset of illness, less of the typical anorectic behaviors and attitudes, greater body disparagement, more symptoms of depression, and a greater number of previous hospitalizations. These associations suggest that an older age of onset of anorexia nervosa might predict a poor outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Caloric requirements for weight gain in anorexia nervosa.

The caloric requirements for weight gain were studied in 29 patients during 35 days of treatment for anorexia nervosa. Associations between the caloric requirements for weight gain and the amount of body weight depletion at the beginning of treatment were analyzed. There was a positive correlation between the percentage standard weight on the 1st day of treatment and the excess calories required to gain a kilogram. This highly significant correlation was possibly due to differences in type to tissue formed and/or an increase in metabolic rate as part of an adaptive response, as the patient nears target weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Behaviour therapy in anorexia nervosa.

In three collaborating hospitals, 81 anorexia nervosa patients were randomly assigned to behaviour modification or its absence and followed over 35 days. There was no overall significant difference in weight gain in the two groups except in a subset of patients: those with no prior out-patient treatments.

Ambulatory Care↗