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Biomedical subjects

S C Edberg

Publications and source records attributed to S C Edberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Rapid identification of Streptococcus bovis by using combination constitutive enzyme substrate hydrolyses.

Several studies have documented the association of blood and rectal-culture positivity for Streptococcus bovis with gastrointestinal neoplasia, especially colonic carcinoma. Conventional methods using bile-esculin hydrolysis, salt tolerance, and sugar fermentations to differentiate S. bovis from other streptococci are laborious, slow, and relatively expensive. Commercially available systems are costly and require at least 24 to 48 h of incubation. A rapid identification procedure for S. bovis and related bacteria was developed. The method uses a reagent containing two hydrolyzable substrates, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and 4-methylumbilliferyl-beta-D-glucoside, in the presence of 2.5% sodium deoxycholate. This combination test, performed with a rapid assay for L-pyrrolidonyl-aminopeptidase, could distinguish S. bovis, Streptococcus equinus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the viridans group streptococci in culture within 30 min. Twelve species of the genera Streptococcus and Enterococcus were tested. The rapid method correlated well with conventional techniques. The reagents are readily available, inexpensive, and easy to make and can be stored in the refrigerator for at least 6 months.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of active constitutive L-pyrrolidonyl-peptidase from the genera Streptococcus and Enterococcus.

In the family Streptococceae the ability to measure L-pyrrolidonyl-peptidase is limited to Lancefield group D Enterococcus and group A Streptococcus pyogenes. A number of methods exist to assay this enzyme. All measure pyrrolidonyl-peptidase by the ability of the bacterium to cleave L-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide to form free beta-naphthylamine and L-pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid. Free beta-naphthylamine is then reacted with N,N-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde to form a red color complex. These methods are generally expensive and require a 2-4 h incubation period before results are available. A method, which employs the substrate dried on paper discs and can be easily made, is described herein. It is simple to perform, inexpensive, rapid, and has a long storage life. The results of this constitutive method are equivalent to those obtained using a commercial system.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1988

Purification of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase on an ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic column using carboxymethyl dextrans.

Carboxymethyl dextrans (CM-Ds) were used on an HPLC ion-exchange column to obtain significantly enriched alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from a sample of Escherichia coli periplasmic space proteins without significant loss of enzymatic activity. The ability of CM-Ds to separate alkaline phosphatase even when the column was 80-85% saturated with protein demonstrates the potential for high column capacity using CM-Ds. In addition, the fractions containing alkaline phosphatase and CM-Ds were reapplied to the same ion-exchange column under different buffer conditions and purified to homogeneity by salt gradient elution chromatography, thus demonstrating the compatibility of CM-Ds with the latter chromatographic method. The two-step chromatographic procedure yielded enzyme of purity comparable to that of electrophoretically purified E. coli alkaline phosphatase obtained commercially. These studies demonstrate that HPLC displacement chromatography is a mild procedure which allows rapid, quantitative purification of an enzyme. Scaling up with larger columns should allow purification of enzymes of a commercial basis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

National field evaluation of a defined substrate method for the simultaneous enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli from drinking water: comparison with the standard multiple tube fermentation method.

A defined substrate method was developed to simultaneously enumerate total coliforms and Escherichia coli from drinking waters without the need for confirmatory or completed tests. It is a new method based on technology that uses a hydrolyzable substrate as a specific indicator-nutrient for the target microbes. No equipment other than a 35 degrees C incubator and long-wavelength (366-nm) light is necessary. To perform the test, one only has to add water to the powdered ingredients in a tube or flask. If total coliforms are present in the water sample, the solution will change from its normal colorless state (no target microbes present) to yellow. The specific presence of E. coli will cause the same tube to fluoresce under a longwave (366-nm) UV lamp. The test, called Autoanalysis Colilert (AC), was compared with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 10-tube multiple tube fermentation (MTF) in a national evaluation. Five utilities, representing six U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regions, participated. All water samples came from distribution systems. Split samples from a wide variety of water sources were analyzed for the MPN-versus-MPN comparison. A total of 1,086 tubes were positive by MTF, and 1,279 were positive by AC. There was no statistical difference between MTF and AC. Species identifications from positive tubes confirmed the sensitivity of the AC. A national evaluation of the AC test showed that it: (i) was as sensitive as Standard Methods MTF, (ii) specifically enumerated 1 total coliform per 100 ml, in a maximum of 24 h, (iii) simultaneously enumerated 1 E. coli per 100 ml in the same analysis, (iv) was not subject to false-positive or false-negative results by heterotrophic bacteria, (v) did not require confirmatory tests, (vi) grew injured coliforms, (vii) was easy to inoculate, and (viii) was very easy to interpret.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

Legionella jordanis isolated from a patient with fatal pneumonia.

A Legionella-like organism was isolated from an open-lung biopsy of a patient with fatal pneumonia. The isolate was shown by growth, physiologic, serologic, and genetic characteristics to belong to the species Legionella jordanis, which had previously been isolated only from the environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Bartholin's gland abscess caused by Neisseria sicca.

Neisseria sicca has been reported to cause bacterial meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, and spondylitis. Surgical drainage from a Bartholin's gland abscess contained N. sicca in pure culture. Neisseria species recovered from cerebrospinal fluid and gynecologic specimens must be carefully examined to avoid misidentification as meningococci or gonococci.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

The use of topical oral antibiotics in head and neck prophylaxis: is it justified?

Systemic antibiotic therapy is widely used for prophylaxis in major head and neck surgery, but the efficacy of topical oral antibiotic therapy has not been adequately investigated. A pilot, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study using six healthy adult male volunteers was performed to assess the influence of topical clindamycin on oral flora. Samples of saliva were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria immediately before, and at 1- and 4-hour intervals after, rinsing the mouth with a solution of either placebo or clindamycin. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly reduced levels of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after use of the topical antibiotic at both the 1- and 4-hour intervals. It is postulated that topical clindamycin, by reducing concentrations of oral flora, may also reduce the incidence of regional infection following major upper aerodigestive tract surgery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of proteins on an anion exchanger using unfractionated carboxymethyldextran displacers.

It has been previously demonstrated that carboxymethyldextran (CMD) displacers fractionated on an ion-exchange column can be used for the resolution and high capacity displacement chromatography of proteins on high-performance ion-exchange columns. It is shown, in this manuscript, that high resolution and high capacity are obtainable using unfractionated CMD displacers. Up to 25 mg of a mixture of ovalbumin, alpha-lactalbumin, and soy-bean trypsin inhibitor along with many impurities were separated on a 3.3-ml Altex DEAE-5PW column using three unfractionated CMD displacers and a final CMD displacer. A method for removing the displacers from proteins, on a hydrophobic interaction column, is also described.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed1987

Esculinase (beta-glucosidase) for the rapid estimation of activity in bacteria utilizing a hydrolyzable substrate, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

The ability of bacteria to hydrolyse esculin is an important phenotypic characteristic for their identification. The presence of 'esculinase' is especially useful in identifying genera of the Enterobacteriaceae and in separating Bacteroides, Listeria, and group D streptococci from other pathogens. Three methods have been used to measure esculin hydrolysis. Each of these methods suffered from limitations. A new procedure employing the hydrolysable substrate p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside was developed. This method required only 15 min incubation at either room temperature or 35 degrees C, may be used either qualitatively or quantitatively, and is inexpensive. The sensitivity and specificity of this method was found to be equivalent to that of the standard methodology.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Microbial nomenclature: a list of names and origins.

Microbial nomenclature underwent a large number of changes in the 1970s. Many species of pathogens were added and many others experienced name changes. These modifications primarily were due to two unrelated factors: the use of new DNA hybridization techniques and the advent of computerized literature searches to establish historical precedence. In 1980 an approved list of microbial names was published. This list fixed and legitimized bacterial nomenclature. All future additions or alterations to it had to pass international scientific committees. This list has now been accepted by the scientific community. The derivation of these names are presented in this review.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Lack of association of Streptococcus bovis with noncolonic gastrointestinal carcinoma.

Since previous studies have shown an increased fecal carriage rate of Streptococcus bovis in patients with carcinoma of the colon, a study was undertaken to determine the fecal carriage rate of this organism in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma of noncolonic origin. Organisms identified as S. bovis were isolated on fecal culture from 10 of 82 (12%) controls, 19 of 94 (20%) individuals with noncolonic gastrointestinal carcinoma, and 12 of 80 (15%) patients with other gastrointestinal disorders. Subjects with noncolonic gastrointestinal carcinoma did not have a fecal carriage rate of S. bovis significantly different from that in controls. A literature review of 251 patients with S. bovis septicemia identified at least 89 (35%) with neoplasms of the colon. Only nine patients (4%) with gastrointestinal neoplasms of other than colonic origin were noted. At present, the indication for an intensive evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract in individuals with S. bovis bacteremia is substantially less than that for the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni in Hunan, the People's Republic of China: epidemiology and comparison of Chinese and American methodology.

The incidence of infection with Campylobacter jejuni was determined in individuals with and without diarrheal disease seen at a hospital in Changsha, China. Stool specimens were cultured by two methods: one developed by the Chinese and a second control method used commonly in the United States. Among people with diarrhea, 18.7% of the 48 children and 8.7% of 104 adults were infected with Campylobacter jejuni. In the group without diarrhea, 8.6% of 105 children but none of 76 adults tested had the organism in their stool. Of the 27 total positive cultures, the Chinese method was positive in 26, compared with 21 for the control method. The Chinese culture method was at least as sensitive and specific as the American method. The biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of Chinese isolates were similar to organisms isolated in other parts of the world. This study shows that Campylobacter jejuni is a common enteric pathogen in China and that the asymptomatic carrier state of this organism is significant in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Use of parenteral antibiotic therapy to eradicate bacterial colonization of amniotic fluid in premature rupture of membranes.

The successful eradication of bacterial colonization of the amniotic fluid with parenteral maternal antibiotic therapy in a preterm gestation with premature rupture of membranes is reported. Amniotic fluid, obtained by amniocentesis, of a pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes at 29 weeks was found to have three different bacterial species (Bacteroides bivius, Veillonella parvula, and Peptococcus). Because of prematurity and clinical quiescence, parenteral antibiotics were administered to the mother. Repeat amniocentesis was performed during treatment and 48 hours after the cessation of antibiotics failed to demonstrate bacterial growth in the amniotic fluid. Fetal lung maturity was attained, and an induction of labor was performed when antepartum heart rate testing was equivocal. This was accomplished without maternal or fetal/neonatal mishap.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Phenotypic characteristics of coliform and noncoliform bacteria from a public water supply compared with regional and national clinical species.

During the summer and fall of 1984, elevated total coliform counts were observed in the distribution system of a public water supply serving 350,000 people in south central Connecticut. As part of an investigation of possible health risks associated with the presence of bacteria in the water supply, bacterial isolates from the distribution system were compared with bacterial isolates of the same species obtained from a large regional teaching hospital and from a national compendium of clinical isolates. Characteristics analyzed included phenotypic metabolic activity, antimicrobial susceptibilities to clinically utilized antibiotics, temperature tolerance at 44.5 degrees C, and beta-glucuronidase activity in single-test form and on a selective medium. Environmental isolates lacked known plasmid-mediated characteristics, with the exception of one Escherichia coli isolate which showed some antibiotic resistance. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter agglomerans from all sources were temperature tolerant and yielded positive fecal coliform tests. Only E. coli showed beta-glucuronidase activity (both in a single biochemical test and on a selective medium). No single characteristic analyzed was sufficient to establish an organism as either environmental or clinical in origin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Elucidation of Strongyloides stercoralis by bacterial-colony displacement.

Two cases of unsuspected Strongyloides stercoralis infection were elucidated by the displacement of bacterial colonies on primary plating media. Observation of primary plates inoculated for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or gastroenteritis revealed that normal flora colonies had been moved and were aligned in a pathway, or track. This unusual colony alignment prompted us to request a stool for the examination of parasites, and S. stercoralis was found. It was concluded that the parasite is capable of motility on agar surfaces, resulting in the displacement of bacterial colonies that make up the normal flora.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of beta-glucuronidase-based substrate systems for identification of Escherichia coli.

Methods based on the measurement of beta-glucuronidase have been shown to be specific and inexpensive for the identification of Escherichia coli from bacterial colonies within 1 h. Recently, commercial systems incorporating beta-glucuronidase substrates were introduced. Rapid Identification Method E. coli (Austin Biological Laboratories, Curtin Matheson Scientific, Inc., Houston, Tex.) and Rapid Detect E. coli (Organon Teknika, Morris Plains, N.J.) are single-tube test combinations to simultaneously measure beta-glucuronidase (fluorescence at 366 nm), o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (yellow), and indole (red). To determine the accuracy and utility of these two systems, we used them to test 169 E. coli and 150 non-E. coli and compared them with conventional substrate tests. The Rapid Detect test was more efficient than the Rapid Identification Method in demonstrating beta-glucuronidase activity, but the commercial systems were equal to each other and to the conventional tests for o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and indole. There were no false reactions by either system.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1986

Ocular sarcoidosis and Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease first recognized as a dermatologic disorder, is now known to involve multiple organs, including the eye. Indeed, ocular involvement may be the only clinical manifestation of this protean disease; it may involve any part of the visual apparatus and its adnexal structures. In this paper we report on the concurrence of sarcoidosis of the lid with Graves' ophthalmopathy in the same patient.

Eye Diseases↗