Antibiotic usage in primary care units in Taiwan.
To understand the situation of antibiotic usage in primary care units in Taiwan, we collected all prescriptions over a 1 week period during March 2 to March 7, 1992, December 2 to December 7, 1992, and January 14 to January 19, 1994 from out-patient clinics of public health stations located in various parts of Taiwan. In the first time period 60 health stations were sampled, 18,350 patient-visits made and 23,674 diagnoses recorded. In the second time period 168 health stations were sampled, 84,143 patient-visits made and 96,528 diagnoses recorded. In the third time period 173 health stations were sampled with 85,623 patient-visits and 105,132 diagnoses recorded. The percentages of total patient-visits that resulted in antibiotic treatment were 16.7, 13.5 and 12.4% in the three time periods, respectively. The patient group under the age of 11 received the highest percentage of antibiotic treatment. The percentage of patient-visits that resulted in treatment with two or more types of antibiotics decreased from 25.4% in March, 1992 to 13.2% in January, 1994. Common cold was the most frequent diagnosis in patients receiving antibiotic therapy during the three time periods and accounted for 36.9% of total antibiotic prescriptions. Of the patients with the diagnosis of common cold, 29.7% received antibiotic treatment, of whom the largest group were paediatric patients (< 16 years). Penicillins, macrolides and cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics and accounted for 34.0, 21.8 and 21.3% of all prescribed antibiotics in the three study periods.