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Biomedical subjects

S Butler

Publications and source records attributed to S Butler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Paradoxical sleep at selective times following training is necessary for learning.

Rats were trained in a two-way shuttle shock avoidance task, 20 trials per day for 5 consecutive days. In Experiment 1, groups were subjected to selective paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for daily 4 hour periods. It was found that only PSD applied between 9-12 hours or 17-20 hours after the daily training sessions resulted in acquisition deficits. These vulnerable time periods coincided with polygraphically observed PS increases above normal levels following identical training procedures in previous studies. In Experiment 2, animals were only allowed PS during the 9-12 hour and 17-20 hour post training time "windows" observed in Experiment 1. For the remaining time each day, they were subjected to PSD. Acquisition was found to be unimpaired, despite this severe treatment. However, any other equivalent length PSD regime which overlapped with either of the time "windows" resulted in severe retardation of task acquisition. Results were believed to provide strong support for the sleep-learning hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The correlation between the results of tests for thyroid autoantibodies to cell surface and microsomal antigens and to thyroglobulin.

Autoantibodies reactive with human thyroid cell surface membrane and human thyroid microsomes were studied in sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases and of controls. A strong correlation was found between the presence of antibodies reactive with the surface of human thyroid cells in tissue culture (detected by anti-IgG-immunofluorescence) and the presence of antibodies reactive with thyroid microsomes in cryostat sections of human thyroid tissue (detected by anti-IgG-FITC or by anti-C3c-FITC) or coated on the surface of turkey red cells (as detected by haemagglutination). This contrasts with the findings previously observed for islet cell antibodies in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. It suggests that in the case of thyroid cells, as opposed to islet cells, microsomal antigens are either also present in the thyroid cell surface membrane; or that microsomal and cell surface antigens (although separate and distinct) are very frequently associated with each other, with a strong tendency for autoantibodies to be formed against both antigens if they are formed at all.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1976

Studies on a male eland X kudu hybrid.

An accidental mating between a male eland and a female kudu produced an animal with primarily eland phenotypic characteristics. Despite pronounced male behaviour the animal was azoospermic. Histological examination of the testis showed complete lack of germ cells. Chromosome studies with analysis of Giemsa bands showed that the parental karyotypes differed by two reciprocal translocations and one pericentric inversion, involving chromosomes 1 and 3, 5 and 11, and 9 respectively. All other chromosomes had identical banding patterns.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Condyloma acuminatum in the oral cavity: four cases and a review.

The number of reported cases of condyloma acuminatum has increased rapidly in recent years. While the viral etiology of these lesions has been established, differentiation from other papular growths is often difficult. Reports of condyloma acuminatum lesions in the oral cavity are appearing more frequently, although they still are sparse. Four cases of oral condyloma are described, and the English-language literature on other such cases is reviewed. Presumably, as the incidence of this type of infection continues to increase, oral condylomata will become a commoner diagnosis. Physicians and dentists should be aware of the necessity of recognizing wart-like eruptions in and around the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.

Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic agent, is known to induce pulmonary toxicity in some patients. Previously described radiographic findings include alveolar and interstitial infiltrates. We report a patient who developed biapical infiltrates on chest X-ray film and demonstrated an unusual, symmetric appearance on CT. Correlative postmortem histologic findings are presented. Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates seen on CT of patients receiving this medication.

Amiodarone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal quantification of Alzheimer's disease severity: 'time index' model.

A fundamental issue in the clinical and neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease patients is quantification of dementia severity progression. Several methods have been advanced for the purpose of staging dementia with various sensitivities at different phases of the disease, but no mathematical function has been developed to link these measures to a physical continuum. Using a dynamic method for quantifying illness severity, change in severity over time was referenced to a cumulative temporal index, a physical dimension. Data from 33 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease with at least 2 successive assessments on three 50-point scales measuring cognitive, behavioral, and daily living skills were used to determine rate of change. 'Fuzzylogic' smoothing of the data, integration over time, and least-squares regression were used to derive a cubic polynomial function to calculate a severity measure in which 'days of illness' was estimated from the severity score. This method can be used to improve the comparability of performance across various mental status tests, and to link measures of very early phases of preclinical dementia and late profound dementia phases. This method also provides a description of an 'average' time course for any population from which the index is derived.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of oxidation specific lipid-protein adducts and apolipoprotein B in atherosclerotic lesions of varying severity from WHHL rabbits.

Antisera and monoclonal antibodies generated against autologous malondialdehyde-conjugated low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), 4-hydroxynonenal conjugated LDL (4-HNE-LDL), and the protein fragments of apoprotein B resulting from the copper oxidation of LDL, as well as antibodies against apoprotein B, were used to immunostain atherosclerotic lesions of varying severity from Watanabe heritable hyperlipemic rabbits. In macrophage-rich fatty streaks and transitional lesions, all of the antibodies recognizing oxidation specific epitopes exhibited predominantly cell-associated staining in particulate and annular patterns. This is in contrast to the limited, extracellular, diffuse staining obtained with the antibodies recognizing apoprotein B. In more advanced lesions containing areas with reduced numbers of cells, there was increased extracellular, diffuse staining with the antibodies against oxidation specific epitopes and co-localization with apoprotein B. In addition, there were annular staining patterns associated with the necrotic core and increased staining of intimal and medial smooth muscle cells. We interpret these data as suggesting that in areas of lesions rich in macrophages, LDL is oxidized and taken up by the cells. In more advanced lesions that are relatively devoid of macrophages, both native and oxidized LDL, as well as oxidation products released from dead and decaying cells, are trapped in the matrix, out of reach of those cells capable of accumulating oxidized LDL.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expanding access and choice for health care consumers through tax reform.

A refundable tax credit for the uninsured would complement the existing job-based health insurance system while letting people keep their job-based coverage if they wish. Among the wide variety of design options for a tax credit, policy and political analysis does not reveal an obvious choice, but a tax credit based on a percentage of spending may have a slight advantage. Congress should give states maximum flexibility to use existing funding sources to supplement the value of a federal tax credit and encourage the use of techniques to create stable insurance pools.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relaxation training and response to cardiac catheterization: a pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated the effects of relaxation-via-letting-go training on patients' state anxiety, observer-reported distress, and self-reported distress during cardiac catheterization. The sample consisted of 30 adults, 15 subjects in the relaxation training group and 15 subjects in the control group. A comparison of the control and relaxation training groups on the demographic variables of age and education, the preintervention variables of state anxiety and worry about the procedure, and number of days in the hospital prior to catheterization showed no differences between the groups. Relaxation training subjects did not indicate less anxiety prior to catheterization nor were they seen as less distressed during the procedure than control subjects. In addition, relaxation subjects did not report having less distress than control subjects.

Adult↗