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Biomedical subjects

S Burrow

Publications and source records attributed to S Burrow.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor, IGF-1, and IGF-2 in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-responsive murine sarcomas demonstrate inhibition of local and metastatic disease growth when implanted in an IGF-deficient host animal. In this experiment, we tested whether IGF receptor (IGF-R) and ligands were expressed in human primary and metastatic osteosarcomas. METHODS: Fifty-two specimens of human osteosarcoma tumor from 48 patients were assayed for IGF-R, IGF-1, and IGF-2 using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one of 46 tumors analyzed had levels of expression of IGF-R greater than or equal to the positive control cell line. Twenty-seven of 44 expressed levels of IGF-1 greater than or equal to the positive control, as did 21 of 38 cases assayed for IGF-2. No differences were found between 40 primary tumor samples and 12 metastatic lesions in mean levels of IGF-R, IGF-1, or IGF-2. There was a moderately strong correlation between expression of IGF-R and IGF-1, suggesting that autocrine stimulation may be an important mechanism for stimulation of osteosarcoma proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of osteosarcoma tumors express IGF-R and ligands. Higher levels of expression were not correlated with metastatic lesions.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

The treatment and security needs of special-hospital patients: a nursing perspective.

Psychiatric nurses who are key workers or primary nurses within special hospitals are well placed to comment on their patients' needs and the benefits, and shortfalls, of trying to meet these within a maximum-security environment. In this survey, nurse respondents gave information on two groups of special-hospital clients, though they themselves were unaware of any group differentiation. Those who were not seen as requiring continued care within maximum security, as judged by other team investigators, were conceptualized by the researcher as 'leavers'. The survey revealed that in relation to those continuing to require maximum security--the 'stayers'--'leavers' retained exceptionally high levels of deficits related to their potential for community reintegration. Deficits in cognitive, social and life skills were as prevalent among those considered to need lower levels of security, and closer contact with the community, as those remaining within the special-hospital service. It also became clear that the effective management of special-hospital residents demanded a necessary conflict of interests: client-centred flexibility within the constraints of secure custody. There were also inconsistent features between the hospitals, as was shown in the differential provision of parole for patients. Only the survey sample from Broadmoor had access to this important resource. The conclusion is that, with the special hospitals' unequivocal commitment to maintain security, not all treatment and security needs of patients are appropriately met. Certain opportunities should, perhaps, be provided within new, alternative facilities.

England↗
PubMed1992

The deliberate self-harming behaviour of patients within a British special hospital.

Within more conventional discourse amongst health-care professionals, 'deliberate self-harm' is largely conceived in pejorative terms. Unlike other so-called 'pathological' behaviour for which the 'sick' are not held wholly responsible, this particular behavioural mosaic carries within its very conception quite different connotations of 'intentionality'. This project constituted a retrospective survey of the phenomenon amongst patients resident within a British special hospital, over a 6-month period, in 1987, prior to the establishment of a unit for disturbed females in November of that same year. It illustrated that the scale, and nature, of the problem was comparable to any of the other much-publicized accounts that have emerged from other custodial establishments. It is the contention, here, that patient characteristics alone are an insufficient explanation for the level of self-harm that prevails and that significant, alternative considerations are available. It is intended that this paper should contribute to the evaluation of the clients' predicament, and the institutional management of their self-harm, within an environment such as a special hospital in the hope that a clearer understanding, and strategy, may be elaborated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The T-cell receptor delta chain locus is disrupted in the T-ALL associated t(11;14)(p13;q11) translocation.

Two T-ALL patients carrying a t(11;14)(p13;q11) translocation were analyzed. Southern blotting experiments demonstrated that both patients had rearranged their J delta genes and that the translocation involved the delta locus in both cases. In one patient, cloning, restriction mapping, and sequencing showed that the translocation occurred on a D delta 1-D delta 2-J delta 2 rearranged gene. In addition, the rearrangement on chromosome 11 occurred in both patients within a segment of less than or equal to 2 kb showing the presence in this region of a point of recurrent recombination.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

The isolation of the human delta chain gene and its expression in normal T cells and T cell leukemias.

In this paper we describe a gene that lies 85 kb 5' of the constant region of the human alpha chain and some 30-50 kb 3' of the alpha chain V region (H. Griesser, unpublished observation). This gene undergoes somatic recombination and is transcribed in thymocytes, PHA-stimulated peripheral blood T cells, and some T cell leukemic cell lines. Sequence analysis revealed that the gene has a structure similar to that of immunoglobulin and other T cell antigen receptor genes. Comparison of the sequence to a mouse gene found in a similar location revealed 80% homology at the protein level. Recently, M. Davis and A. Weiss (personal communication) have demonstrated that the protein product of the mouse gene is the delta chain gene. Thus, the gene described in this paper represents the human homolog of the delta chain gene of the T cell antigen receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outline of the forensic nursing role.

Nurses working within secure institutions are agents for both therapy and custody. With its distinctive client group, predominantly institution-based care, exceptional knowledge base and clinical focus on mental disorder and deviance, forensic nursing can justifiably claim the status of a specialty.

Dangerous Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 1.

Most nurses, irrespective of specialty, will be confronted with disturbed psychiatric patients. There are many forms of psychiatric emergency; this article examines nurse-aid management of acute confusional states, hallucinations, delusional thinking and suspiciousness and highlights interventions aimed at dealing with disturbed patients to avoid an immediate deterioration of the situation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 2.

This article, the second in a series on psychiatric emergencies, will focus on the following emergencies and their attendant interventions: mania, acute anxiety and acute depression. The common theme of these otherwise diverse syndromes is that they are all affective disorders, relating to mood and emotional state.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse-aid management of psychiatric emergencies: 3.

The previous article in this series highlighted the nursing management of depression, mania and anxiety. This article considers the nurse-aid interventions for another disturbed affective state, aggression.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing management of self-mutilation.

This article attempts to define and describe self-mutilation and offers an introductory view of its nursing management. Most importantly it enjoins nurses to self-consciously appraise their practice in this area and develop an unconditional acceptance of the validity of such unconventional behaviour.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supervision: clinical development or management control?

Traditionally, supervision among health professionals was a somewhat esoteric forum for a privileged few practitioners who would examine clinical case material in order to elicit and improve their therapeutic skills. Today's professional climate demands a supervisory process, beyond such a purist model, which examines virtually all areas of professional activity. This article does not argue for or against the retention of a purist model of clinical supervision but examines some of the hazards of an alternative framework.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suicide: the crisis in the prison service.

Suicide presents major management difficulties in the prison service. This article examines factors that contribute towards suicide in prisons and discusses recommendations for tackling the problem more effectively.

Humans↗