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Biomedical subjects

S Brown

Publications and source records attributed to S Brown.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Energy intake and energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle in short-term smoking cessation.

The effect of short-term smoking abstinence on energy intake and expenditure parameters was investigated for women in different phases of the menstrual cycle (follicular or late luteal) in a rigorous inpatient laboratory setting. Twenty-one participants were randomized to a continued smoking (n = 5) or a smoking abstinence (n = 16) group and admitted for 2 7-day inpatient periods during alternate cycle phases. The smoking abstinence group experienced 2 days of baseline smoking and 5 days of smoking abstinence. Measurements included caloric intake (kcal/24 hours), energy expenditure (by indirect calorimetry), and weight. Results of within-subject analyses indicated no smoking abstinence effect on mean daily total kilocalorie intake, sweet kilocalorie intake, or resting metabolic rate. However, a significant cycle phase effect was observed, with increased kilocalorie intake and expenditure-as well as minor weight gain-occurring during the late luteal phase when premenstrual symptoms are highest. In light of this phase effect, women smokers might benefit by attempting to quit smoking during the follicular phase of their cycle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Description of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov., a leprosy-derived Corynebacterium.

Leprosy-derived corynebacteria (LDC) have been extensively studied over the past decade. A composite of their biological properties (cell morphology, staining reactions, cellular inclusions and guanine-plus-cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid; 16 strains studied) and their chemical structures (peptidoglycan type, major cell wall polysaccharide, major glycolipid as well as characteristic mycolic acids) appears to define them as members of the genus Corynebacterium. In relation to other corynebacteria found in humans, including "JK corynebacteria", they seem to be distinct. They are here named Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov. because they produce a 10-methyloctadecanoic (tuberculostearic) acid (8 strains studied). This and some of their other attributes are considered in relation to properties of leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium leprae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
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Increased urinary-free cortisol outputs in diabetic patients.

We previously reported that diabetic patients show evidence of dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To extend this work, we examined urinary-free cortisol (UFC) outputs in diabetic patients and whether or not they relate to diabetic complications. We compared a group of 35 insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients with a group of 32 normal controls for 24-h UFC outputs and examined the patients for relationship between UFC outputs and diabetic complications. Diabetic patients had significantly greater 24-h UFC outputs than controls. There was a significant positive correlation between 24-h UFC outputs and duration of diabetes. There were trends for patients with either diabetic retinopathy or diabetic cardiovascular complications to have higher 24-h UFC outputs than patients without these complications. These results further show that diabetic patients have mild dysregulation of the HPA axis. This dysregulation is related to longer duration of diabetes. A larger sample is needed to examine further for a relationship to diabetic complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient and caregiver perceptions of cancer pain control.

OBJECTIVES: This study measured the perceptions of cancer patients and caregivers in Utah concerning knowledge about and adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive survey was sent to a stratified random sample of adult cancer patients obtained from the Utah Tumor Registry. Questionnaires asked cancer patients and caregivers about their knowledge of pain control and about perceptions of the adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain management. RESULTS: The study had a 52% response rate (259 of 500) after two mailings. Eighty-five percent (219 of 259) of the respondents stated that they had no cancer pain. With the first mailing, a "no pain" response was not offered as an option. When the researchers realized that this might be a possible response, a second mailing was sent, which may be the reason for the high response rate. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer literature indicates that much cancer pain is not effectively controlled. The majority of the respondents of this study reported no pain. Because this result is different than that reported in the literature, it may indicate that education of healthcare providers, patients, and families can improve cancer pain management and control. It may also indicate an inability of the study to obtain data from those patients having cancer pain. This study should be repeated with a focused population of advanced stage cancer patients with types of cancer typically producing high levels of cancer pain.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical evaluation is not prognostic for recurrence in fully staged high-risk endometrial cancer.

The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of common immunohistochemical pathologic risk factors in fully staged high-risk endometrial cancers. Sixty-two of 265 consecutive endometrioid adenocarcinomas were considered high risk for recurrence because of deep myometrial invasion and poor differentiation (stage IC, G3), cervical metastasis (stage II), ovarian metastasis (stage IIIA) or lymph node metastasis (stage IIIC). All patients underwent complete surgical staging with bilateral pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy. Expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, p53, HER-2/neu, c-myc, bcl-2, FVIII, and Ki-67 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using commercially available monoclonal antibodies. A general linear model multiple regression analysis was used to determine if any of the immunostains, along with grade or stage, were predictors of recurrence. Mean age was 68 years and mean weight 188 pounds. Sixty-eight percent of patients had associated medical illness. The majority of tumors were poorly differentiated (44%) and were stage IIIC (29%). Mean follow-up was 4.3 years. Fourteen patients (22%) developed tumor recurrence. Using multiple regression analysis, none of the immunostains were predictive for recurrence (P = 0.19-.96). Only stage and grade were predictive of tumor recurrence (P = 0.04,.02). We conclude that in completely staged high risk endometrial cancer, commonly used immunohistochemical risk factors are not predictive for recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modified mutagen metabolism in Schistosoma hematobium-infested organisms.

The relationship between parasite infestation and chemical mutagen metabolism was investigated in this study. Schistosoma hematobium, long associated with increased incidence of bladder cancer in humans, was chosen as a model parasite. Urine samples, serum samples, and liver tissue extracts (S-9) from infested and control hamsters were used with the Ames Salmonella/microsome test to follow 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) mutagenicity. Liver S-9 preparations from infested and control hamsters showed little difference in activation potential for DCB and AFB1. Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9, however, was remarkably efficient at reducing the mutagenicity of DCB. This process was reversible by beta-glucuronidase (BG). Studies on infested and control hamsters indicated increased BG activity in serum and urine. Urine concentrates (UC) from infested and control animals were not mutagenic by themselves, but did enhance the mutagenicity of AAF and DCB in the presence of S-9 and BG. Urine concentrates from infested animals showed greater enhancement of DCB mutagenicity than did UC from control animals. These data suggest that increased BG and unknown urinary factors in infested hamsters play a role in altering chemical mutagen activity.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcoholism and trauma: a theoretical overview and comparison.

This article outlines a theoretical overview of evolving conceptions of trauma and their application to alcoholism. Traditional definitions of trauma are reviewed and Judith Herman's theory of psychological trauma and the process of recovery are summarized. This framework is used to describe the experience of being alcoholic, the child of an alcoholic (COA), the adult child of an alcoholic parent (ACA), and of being both alcoholic and an ACA. The developmental process of recovery within the 12-Step framework is compared to Herman's stages of trauma resolution. It is argued that trauma theory must be expanded to adequately described and explain the experiences of alcoholism and that issues of power and control must be reinterpreted to fit within the 12-Step model. This article posits that trauma theory offers an important link between the professional worlds of chemical dependency treatment and mental health.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Observations of the changes in standing height at the time of puberty.

In an investigation of the growth patterns of 76 children attending an orthodontic clinic, measurements of standing height were used to study the adolescent growth spurt. Growth curves were fitted to the data by a graphical method, and also by fitting a Preece-Baines model. Both methods produced similar values for age at peak height velocity (PHV), but the graphical method produced higher values for peak velocity. Compared to the results obtained by fitting Preece-Baines curves to a sample from the Harpenden data, the South-east Essex children appear to be attaining significantly higher peak velocities. There was, however, no real difference in the values for age at PHV.

Body Height↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ROPES: an experiential learning activity for leadership skills.

The cluster of activities called ROPES is borrowed and modified for teaching from OUTWARD Bound, the renowned outdoor management training program. ROPES uses experiential learning situations in which characteristic problem-solving tasks encourage the participants to stretch their personal limits and to learn teamwork. In doing so, trust, self-confidence, and communication and leadership skills develop through accomplishment of specific challenging activities. ROPES activities were found to be an effective method of instruction for teaching leadership in a senior nursing leadership course.

Clinical Competence↗
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Using the Internet to integrate cultural diversity and global awareness.

Societal paradigm shifts are fundamentally changing nursing education and practice. A global view is fostered in business, education, and healthcare; a microcosmic view is no longer acceptable. Seeking to increase the global and technological knowledge of their students, the authors describe how they used electronic technology to integrate cultural diversity and global awareness concepts into a nursing curriculum.

Computer Communication Networks↗
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Urinary-free cortisol excretion in relation to age in acutely stressed persons with depressive symptoms.

We examined the relationship between age and urinary excretion of free cortisol in acutely stressed middle-aged and elderly persons. We observed that elderly persons under stress excreted larger amounts of urinary-free cortisol than did middle-aged persons; Pearson's r between age and cortisol = 0.38, p less than 0.05. When the sample was stratified by severity of depressive symptoms, the relationship between age and cortisol excretion was strongly accentuated among those with severe depressive symptoms (r = 0.62, p = 0.01) and diminished among those with milder symptoms (r = 0.25, N.S.). Potentially confounding factors such as diet, use of medications, and physical stature were controlled and did not explain the observations. The high depression scores in this acutely stressed sample were indicative of a higher severity of stress response and also a higher risk of occurrence of depressive syndromes. The depressive syndromes did not resemble depressive disorder of an endogenous nature.

Adjustment Disorders↗