Anti-idiotypes in B-cell tumor therapy.
Thirteen patients with B-cell lymphomas were treated with mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. All but 1 of the patients in this study had received extensive prior treatment with conventional therapy for lymphoma. The treatment protocol initially included an escalating dose schedule which was intended to help us evaluate toxicity and pharmacokinetics and, eventually, to achieve appreciable levels of free mouse antibody in the circulation. The last 4 patients received substantial initial doses. Tumor sampling was performed before and during therapy for evaluation of tissue penetration by antibody. Patients received antibodies of gamma 1, 2a, or 2b isotype. None of the patients had serum paraproteins by routine clinical testing, but 6 had an idiotype protein detectable by a sensitive immunoassay at levels greater than 1 microgram/ml, two of which were greater than 200 micrograms/ml. These levels were temporarily reduced by plasma-pheresis. However, the presence of serum idiotype increased the requirement for mouse antibody to achieve tumor penetration. Another obstacle to treatment was immune response to mouse Ig that occurred in 5 of the 13 patients. Once an immune response had begun, further infusions of antibody failed to reach the tumor or induce tumor regression and were associated with toxicity. Our initial patient remains in an unmaintained complete remission 50 months after receiving antibody. Six of 12 additional patients have had objective remissions which also were clinically significant. However, these remissions were not complete. This therapy shows promise as an alternative modality for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. We will need further studies to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effect and to improve the clinical results.