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S Brown

Publications and source records attributed to S Brown.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aluminum.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

The synthetic immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide (MDP) can stimulate activated B cells.

The synthetic immunomodulator muramyl dipeptide (MDP) has previously been shown to be able to synergize with lymphokines in enhancing the specific immune response of purified splenic B cells. Here, we have examined the effect of MDP in the process of B cell activation. We found that MDP alone was ineffective on the proliferation of either murine resting or in vivo activated B cells, whereas it enhanced the DNA synthesis of B cells once stimulated with anti-IgM antibodies. In agreement with these findings, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry after acridine orange staining indicated that MDP by itself could not trigger the entry into the G1 phase of the cell cycle of nonactivated B lymphocytes. In contrast, in the presence of anti-IgM antibodies plus BSF-1, MDP promoted further cell cycle progression preferentially into the G1B compartment and also through the G2/M phase. A kinetic study showed that MDP was the most effective when added after the activation of B cells by anti-IgM antibodies plus BSF-1. Our present results suggest that functional receptors for MDP may be expressed on already cycling B cells.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

Translocation (8;16)(p11;p13) in patients with acute monocytic leukemias. An evolving syndrome?

The case of a patient with a t(8;16)(p11;p13) chromosomal abnormality and acute myelomonocytic leukemia is described. Review of cases with this translocation showed that 11 of 13 patients had acute monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia with a high frequency of extramedullary disease and phagocytosis of normal blood cells by the malignant cells. While these patients are not clinically distinct from others with acute monocytic leukemia, the characteristic features of this subset of patients will certainly evolve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic ratio of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of superficial tumours of skin and subcutaneous tissues in man.

Six patients with a total of 34 assessible subcutaneous or cutaneous lesions were treated with photodynamic therapy using 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg kg-1 of photofrin II and 25-100 J cm-2 of red light (630 nm). The incidence of complete tumour response and skin necrosis were used to try to assess the therapeutic ratio of photodynamic therapy. The tumour response rate was 47%. The rate of tumour control and necrosis increased in parallel with dose of photosensitizer and light used, implying a low therapeutic ratio. However, the use of necrosis with eschar formation as an end-point for severe normal tissue damage is questioned as the skin healed completely in all cases and with minimal discomfort to the patients.

Dihematoporphyrin Ether↗
PubMed1988

Alcohol consumption and nutrient intake in middle-aged Scottish men.

The relation between alcohol consumption and dietary intake was examined in 164 middle-aged Scottish men taking part in a study of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). A 7-d weighed dietary record was used to assess alcohol and nutrient intake. The mean daily intake of alcohol was 26 g (SD 31 g). Energy derived from alcohol tended to replace energy derived from other nutrients and increasing intake of alcohol was associated with a decrease in the amounts of carbohydrate, total fat, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the diet. Those with a low alcohol intake (0.1-9 g alcohol/d) had a higher intake of total fiber, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid and a smaller proportion smoked cigarettes. The differences are small but may contribute to the lower mortality from CHD reported by other studies in those with a low alcohol intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Ovine lymphocyte antigens: a comparison of Australian and European antisera.

Lymphocyte alloantigens were determined in 183 Australian merino sheep, using antisera from Australian and European laboratories. The study had two aims: (1) to compare reagents characterized in the different laboratories and to correlate antigen definition; and (2) to define lymphocyte antigens for use as genetic markers in two flocks of sheep which had been selectively bred for resistance or susceptibility to the intestinal parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis, in order to extend a previous study which had indicated linkage between resistance to the parasite and the sheep major histocompatibility system. Good or excellent correspondence was found between four Australian and four European specificities and it was concluded that continued international collaboration would allow definition of markers for future genetic or disease susceptibility studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The influence of method of contraception and cigarette smoking on menstrual patterns.

Self-perceived menstrual patterns have been investigated in a sample of 2115 women aged 18-49 years using a postal questionnaire. Seven aspects of 'abnormal' menstruation were defined: prolonged periods, heavy periods, frequent periods, irregular periods, intermenstrual bleeding, painful periods and severe premenstrual syndrome. Women who used oral contraceptives were less likely than other women to report any of the seven menstrual abnormalities except for intermenstrual bleeding and severe premenstrual tension. Women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) reported prolonged, heavy, and frequent periods and intermenstrual bleeding more often than other women, but they did not report painful periods with undue frequency. Women who had had a tubal sterilization generally reported menstrual patterns similar to, or slightly less favourable than, women using no contraception or contraceptive methods other than the pill or the IUCD. There was a significant association between smoking habits and each of the abnormal menstrual patterns except for severe premenstrual tension. In every case, the effect of smoking was unfavourable and in almost every case, current smokers reported the worst experience, with ex-smokers occupying an intermediate position. We believe that these data are of considerable clinical significance and that they offer a basis for a conservative approach to managing menstrual disorders in some women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aluminum metabolism in rats: effects of vitamin D, dihydrotachysterol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and phosphate binders.

In order to study the effects of vitamin D on aluminium balance when different forms of vitamin D and phosphate binders are used simultaneously for therapeutic purposes, 30 Sprague-Dawley weanling rats, weighing 44-66 g, were randomly assigned to 5 groups: (A) control, (B) aluminum hydroxide, (C) dihydrotachysterol at 16 micrograms/kg/day, (D) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at 16 ng/kg/day and (E) vitamin D at 2,000 IU/kg/day. Aluminum hydroxide (60 mg/kg/day) in the feed was provided to all except the control group. The vitamin D or metabolites were fed by stomach tube daily for a period of 10 days. At the end of the study, the mean (+/- SEM) serum aluminum concentration, as determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, was 5.0 +/- 2.4 micrograms/l; there were no significant differences in these results between groups. During the last three days of the study, 24-hour urine and stool collections were made with the usual precautions against trace mineral contamination. The means (+/- SEM) of aluminum balances for groups A, B, C, D and E were -388 +/- 261, 1,121 +/- 331; 2,316 +/- 304; 2,387 +/- 245, and 1,968 +/- 337 micrograms/day, respectively. We conclude that at therapeutic doses of aluminum hydroxide and vitamin D or its metabolites, hyperaluminemia was not observed. However, the positive aluminum balances imply retention, and the use of vitamin D, especially its potent metabolites dihydrotachysterol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, intensified this risk.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Sex-role and opposite-sex interpersonal attraction.

Androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated male and female subjects indicated their attraction to three opposite-sex strangers who were described as having an androgynous, traditional, and undifferentiated sex-role. Subjects' ability to describe the sex-roles of the strangers was also measured. Androgynous strangers were most preferred, undifferentiated strangers least preferred. The least preferred undifferentiated strangers' sex-role was most accurately described. Subjects were least successful in describing the androgynous sex-role.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking, social class and nutrient intake: relevance to coronary heart disease.

The association of cigarette smoking habits and social class with nutrient intake was investigated in 162 men aged 45-54 using a 7-d weighed dietary record. Cigarette smokers had a significantly lower intake of fibre and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio than non-smokers. Fibre intake was lower in men in the manual compared to the non-manual group but smoking was a more powerful influence than social class. The differences in nutrient intake were accompanied by differences in the consumption of polyunsaturated margarines and cereal-containing foods. These results should be considered in the explanation of the increased incidence of coronary heart disease in smokers.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1988

Expression of H-2 class I genes in murine extra-embryonic tissues.

Murine major histocompatibility complex class I genes are transcribed at high levels in placental tissues, lower levels in yolk-sac tissues and at barely detectable levels in the embryo at Day 13.5 of gestation. Genes are expressed at equivalent levels whether inherited maternally or paternally, and the genetic background has no effect on class I gene transcription. These results show that potential alloantigens are expressed in extra-embryonic tissues intimately associated with maternal tissues and blood supply and yet fail to induce immunological rejection.

Animals↗