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Biomedical subjects

S Braunstein

Publications and source records attributed to S Braunstein.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Idiopathic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion possibly related to advanced age.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) as a cause of hypotonic hyponatremia is well recognized. The syndrome is commonly associated with cranial and thoracic infectious disease or malignancy. An idiopathic form of the syndrome has been reported, but poorly documented. Our patient, an 88-year-old man without any associated disease, had SIADH confirmed by a standard water load test. The pattern of antidiuretic hormone release corresponded to the "vasopressin leak" pattern. A review of ten cases of "idiopathic" SIADH showed that each of these cases has been associated with neuropsychiatric or other medical disturbances. We conclude that idiopathic inappropriate antidiuresis does exist and is a discrete category of SIADH. Data suggest that advanced age may be a risk factor for this disease. This syndrome may account for the increased susceptibility to hyponatremia among older patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Colonic dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.

Colonic myoelectrical and motor activity were measured in 12 patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients with severe constipation were compared to diabetics with mild or no constipation. Gastric emptying and peripheral nerve conduction studies were performed in all patients. Normal subjects had a rapid increase in colonic spike and motor activity (P < 0.001) within the first 30-min postprandial period. Diabetic patients with mild constipation had a postprandial increase in colonic motility; however, the response was delayed to 60-90 min after eating. Diabetic patients with severe constipation had no postprandial increase in colonic motility. There was no correlation between colinic motility and gastric emptying of a liquid meal (r = 0.23) (P > 0.05) or peripheral nerve conduction (r = 0.36) (P > 0.05). Neostigmine (0.5 mg, intramuscularly) or metoclopramide (20 mg, intravenously) increased colonic spike (P < 0.005) and motor (P < 0.005) activity in all diabetic subjects regardless of their symptoms. These studies suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus and severe constipation may have an autonomic neuropathy which leads to an absent postprandial gastrocolonic response.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

Oral melanoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early occurrence of an adenocarcinoma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a patient with AML.

Several reports have showed an increased risk of secondary malignancies after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), especially after total body irradiation (TBI). We report on a 39-year-old female who underwent BMT with a matched unrelated donor because of acute myeloid leukemia in second complete remission. Previously, the patient received chemotherapy for induction, consolidation, maintenance and reinduction after diagnosis of relapse. Conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide and TBI. MTX and CSA was administered for GvHD prophylaxis. Engraftment was confirmed on day 28. Within 6 months following BMT, no complication occurred. Continuous complete remission was demonstrated by repeated bone marrow smears. On day 300 the patient complained of chest pain and dyspnea. X-ray and CT-scan showed thickening of the pleura and pleural effusion. A pleuracarcinosis was diagnosed by cytologic examination of a pleural aspirate. By an open thoracotomy a disseminated inoperable disease became apparent. Diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histologic examination. The patient died 2 months later due to disseminated tumour in complete remission of AML. Solid tumours are rare as secondary malignancies after BMT. Usually the neoplasmas are late events occurring more than 10 years after BMT. In this case predisposing factors such as genetic disposition, long-term smoking, intensive pretransplant chemotherapy, TBI and immunosuppression may have lead to the early secondary malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior of tendons during lower-leg lengthening in dogs using the Ilizarov method.

Twenty-two dogs were provided with a circular fixator. Lengthening of the right lower leg by 2.5 cm was performed on 18 dogs 5 days after tibial osteotomy using a distraction rate of 0.5 mm, twice per day. Nine dogs with leg lengthening and two dogs of the control group without leg lengthening were sacrificed at the end of the distraction phase of 25 days and the remaining dogs after another 25 days. Post mortem, the tendons of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, and the Achilles tendon were taken from the operated-on right side and the left nonoperated-on control side and were analyzed histologically. The control group showed no histologic changes in the tendons of either side nor in those of the unlengthened left side of the operated-on dogs. Thirty-three tendons (41%) of dogs with leg lengthening were seen to have undergone histomorphological changes. An increase of the peritendinous connective tissue was seen, combined with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the tendons and/or the epitendinous tissues, edema, tendon fragmentation, necrosis, scarring of the tendons with dystrophic calcification and/or ossification, and broadening of the tenosynovial sheath. Furthermore, signs of histoneogenesis with growth in the tendons were found. Degenerative changes occurred far more often in the tendons of the ventral side of the lower leg and a slight pes equinus was regularly observed in the lengthened extremity. Therefore, pes equinus prevention and physiotherapy are important in the therapeutic use of lower-leg lengthening to minimize possible stress-induced damage of the ventral tendons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior of blood vessels during lower-leg lengthening using the Ilizarov method.

Using a ring fixator, lengthening of the right lower leg by 2.5 cm at a distraction rate of 2 x 0.5 mm per day was performed in 24 beagle dogs. After a postoperative latency period of 5 days and a distraction phase of 25 days, half the dogs were killed (30-day group). The remaining half were killed after a second interval of 25 days (55-day group). After the experiment, the anterior tibialis artery and vein with their supporting vessels, as well as the lesser saphenous vein of both the lengthened right side and the control side were excised and examined histologically, histomorphometrically, and electron microcopically. No morphologic changes of the vascular walls and no increase of collagenous or elastic fibers could be found. The histomorphometric evaluations showed a significant increase in the number of vasa vasorum in the dogs of both the 30- and 55-day groups. No significant difference in thickness of the vascular wall, tunica media, and adventitia could be observed between the lengthened and the control side in both dog groups. It seems that blood vessels can adapt to continuous tension during callus distraction without suffering structural damage and are the least limiting factor concerning distraction speed, distraction rhythm, and distraction length during callus distraction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of tongue anomalies in children].

The prevalence of grooved tongue, geographic tongue, and ankyloglossia, was investigated in 660 children, 3 to 13 years old, which attended the Out patient Clinic of the University Hospital of Buenos Aires for unrelated complaints. The figures obtained are at variance--by far--from those published by other people engaged in the same line of research. Probably, further studies with a much larger amount of patients are called for.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of fixed-ratio versus variable-ratio regular and NPH semisynthetic human insulin in insulin-requiring diabetic patients.

The efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of semisynthetic human insulin (Novolin) providing a 70:30 ratio of NPH to regular insulin versus a varying ratio of semisynthetic human insulin, regular and NPH (control group), were compared in adult insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients whose glycemic control had been stable on customized split-mix regimens of animal insulin. Seventy-eight patients were enrolled, of whom 72 were evaluated for efficacy of the respective regimens. Although the baseline fasting serum glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the fixed-ratio group than in the control group, mean serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values throughout the 12 weeks of experimental treatment were not significantly different between groups. The mean serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values in the fixed-ratio group also did not differ significantly from baseline; however, statistically significant increases were observed in the control group at weeks 4 and 8, but not at week 12. Total daily insulin dosages were comparable between the two groups, and body weight did not change significantly in either group. At the end of the study, the investigators judged 90% of the patients in the fixed-ratio group and 88% of the patients in the control group to be either improved or unchanged with respect to glycemic control. The frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and other clinical events did not change significantly from baseline in either group or differ significantly between the two groups at any time. The results of this study suggest that stable diabetic patients receiving animal insulin can safely be transferred to semisynthetic human insulin and that the majority of patients can maintain acceptable glycemic control with a fixed 70:30 ratio of NPH to regular semisynthetic human insulin.

Adult↗