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Biomedical subjects

S Bourne

Publications and source records attributed to S Bourne.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Second opinion. A study of medical referrals in a seminar for general practitioners at the Tavistock Clinic, London.

An experienced seminar made a special study of the psychological aspects of referrals for second opinions, investigations, or hospital admission. The cases were a random selection, incidentally forcing the seminar to examine some of the poor medical practice that is rarely published and to recognise the disturbing force of the doctor-illness relationship, as distinct from the doctor-patient relationship. General practitioners use referrals in many ways and select consultants for quite unexpected qualities, often to preserve the relationship with their patients, and contrary to many superficial impressions otherwise. Referrals are part of the continuous flux of patients in and out of a doctor's life and this movement is important to his sense of identity and to his defences against anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Examination of the Distinctive Awards System.

When they stopped secrecy, the consultants of an internationally-famous postgraduate teaching centre in psychiatry--not a designated teaching hospital--discovered that they had one-tenth the national average of distinction awards. Subsequent investigation of the whole system suggests that this is not an isolated case. Moreover, official figures are scanty and misleading. This paper explores the difficulties in understanding, investigating, and influencing the system. The composition of the committees involved, the de facto quota system, the method of collecting information, and the convention of secrecy are examined and critized.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells: differential gene expression analysis by cDNA microarray and purification of osteoblasts by cadherin-11 magnetically activated cell sorting.

We have previously shown osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and temporal enrichment with osteoblastic cells, by stimulation with serum-containing culture medium supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate, ascorbate, and dexamethasone. In our present study we have used similar culture conditions to further investigate osteogenic differentiation of mouse ES cells. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we demonstrated the expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation including the bone matrix protein osteocalcin and the transcription factor Cbfa-1/runx2. Furthermore, results of cDNA microarray analysis, and subsequent RT-PCR analysis of differentiating ES cells after exposure to osteogenic stimuli, revealed a combination of upregulation of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation including osteopontin, HSP-47, and IGF-II coupled with downregulation of genes involved in differentiation of other phenotypes such as the neuroectoderm factor Stra-13. Finally, we have applied magnetically activated cell-sorting methods to ES cell cultures treated with osteogenic stimuli and, using an antibody to cadherin-11, have purified a subpopulation of cells with osteoblastic characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doctors, physiotherapists, and placebo pharmacology.

A seminar of physiotherapists studied the psychological aspects of their work. Difficulty with doctors rather than patients was unexpectedly prominent. The following factors were identified as contributing to their dissatisfaction: doctors misused physiotherapy as a placebo in cases of incurable and untreatable disease and mental problems; because they faced questions about diagnosis and prognosis that doctors escaped they learnt to avoid knowing the facts about their patients; using quasiscientific apparatus had tended to replace physical contact; they saw their psychological skill as illicit and unprofessional; and they were uncertain about their role as social workers. Nevertheless, they tended to idealise doctors, which sharpened gratification in collaborative work and helped to alleviate anxiety about death and disease, but tended to reinforce sexual stereotyping and the image of physiotherapy as "unscientific," empirical, and intuititive ("feminine").

Attitude of Health Personnel↗