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Biomedical subjects

S Boschi

Publications and source records attributed to S Boschi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Retrograde spread of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in patients with active ulcerative colitis.

In an attempt to know the exact retrograde spread of high-dosage 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, we have studied eight patients with active left-sided colitis, by adding a small amount of barium sulfate to the enemas and by checking the spread radiologically after 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 6 hours. Four grams of 5-aminosalicylic acid in 100-ml enemas and 4 gm in 200-ml enemas were used. The same experiment was repeated in a subsequent attack, with enemas labeled with technetium-99m and checked by scintiscans in five of these patients. We always have observed a volume-dependent spread of enemas but, interestingly, in the patients studied with technetium-99m there was always a wider spread than that which was detected with barium enemas. In all five patients, 100-ml enemas reached the splenic flexure. In two patients with total colitis, a progression of 100-ml technetium-99m enemas was performed in the transverse colon, but the maximum opacity remained in the left side. We can conclude that 4 gm of 5-aminosalicylic acid in 100-ml enemas can be suitable for treating patients with left-sided colitis, and will represent a valid addition for patients with more extensive colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cellular and humoral factors in borderline hypertension.

In this article, we review the data about Na+ and K+ lymphocyte content in young subjects with borderline hypertension. These data indicate that many borderline subjects have an abnormally high lymphocyte Na+ content (Nai) and that their pressor response to stress and exercise is directly related to Nai. Lymphocyte K+ content (Ki) is increased in about 50% of borderline subjects. Subjects in whom Ki is high, in comparison with those having a normal Ki, have a lower Nai and lower diastolic blood pressure. This suggests that these subjects have an activation of some compensatory mechanism, possibly an increase in sodium pump function. A humoral factor causing an increase in Nai was detected not only in the plasma from essential hypertensives, but also in the plasma from borderline subjects and from normal subjects with familial hypertension having high Nai. This indirect evidence of a plasma factor impairing Na+ transport was confirmed by direct measurements of the plasma ability to inhibit Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphate. Moderate short-term dietary salt restriction reduces Nai and, proportionally, pressor response to stress. In the long-term, resting blood pressure is also reduced. Dietary K+ supplementation reduces pressor response to handgrip but not resting blood pressure. Intralymphocytic Na+ content is a good predictor of future sustained hypertension, since subjects with normal Nai do not develop hypertension within 5 years, whereas subjects with high Nai develop hypertension in 31% of cases. These subjects also have an altered pressor response to mental stress and do not respond to the low-salt diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1986

Predictors of stable hypertension in young borderline subjects: a five-year follow-up study.

Forty-four young subjects with borderline hypertension underwent a 5-year follow-up. At the first examination their intralymphocytic Na+ (Nai) was measured before and after 1 month of a low-salt diet. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at rest (baseline), during mental arithmetic, and after the test (recovery). After 5 years, no subject with normal Nai developed hypertension, and, furthermore, subjects with normal Nai had no increase in blood pressure values. Thirty-one percent of subjects with high Nai developed hypertension. Subjects developing hypertension were characterized by a high pressor response to mental stress and by an increase in recovery diastolic blood pressure in comparison with baseline diastolic blood pressure. Sixty percent of the subjects whose recovery diastolic blood pressure was at least 6% higher than baseline developed hypertension. Eighty percent of subjects whose Nai was not reduced after the diet became hypertensive. Nai and diastolic blood pressure were unrelated at the first examination; however, a significant correlation was found between Nai recorded at first examination and diastolic blood pressure recorded after 5 years. It is concluded that Nai is a good predictor of future blood pressure in borderline subjects and that subjects with normal Nai have a very low risk of developing high blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Differing dosages of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension: long-term effects metabolic values and intracellular electrolytes.

The effects of long-term treatment with differing dosages of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide in combination were evaluated in 22 hypertensive patients. There was no significant difference in antihypertensive efficacy between captopril 25 mg twice a day in combination with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once or twice daily and captopril 50 mg twice a day in the same combination. About 75% of patients achieved normotension. Once daily therapy with captopril 50 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg was effective in only 25% of patients. Long-term treatment (11 months) with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide did not cause any of the metabolic effects usually observed during diuretic administration. Intracellular (lymphocytic) Na+ was significantly reduced and intracellular K+ significantly increased by captopril and hydrochlorothiazide, and this led to the normalization of the intracellular Na+:K+ ratio, which is abnormally high in essential hypertension. Our data suggest that the association of low doses of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide is highly effective, well tolerated, prevents the metabolic side effects of diuretics, and has favorable effects on intracellular ionic composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Topical administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in patients with ulcerative colitis. Studies on rectal absorption and excretion.

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a new treatment for patients suffering from ulcerative colitis but only limited information is available about its rectal absorption. We therefore studied seven patients with ulcerative colitis in remission, and five with active disease to determine acetylated and free 5-ASA plasma concentrations and urinary acetyl 5-ASA after the administration of three different types of enemas: (2 g 5-ASA/100 ml, 4 g/100 ml, and 200 ml). In patients in remission urinary acetyl 5-ASA excretion was dose and volume dependent (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.05) but this correlation was absent in active disease. Because aminosalicylates are usually eliminated through the kidney, these low values (10% in active disease and 19% in those in remission) suggest that the beneficial action may be local. Urinary recovery was significantly lower in patients with active disease (p less than 0.01; p less than 0.02). No accumulation of 5-ASA was found in plasma after repeated daily administration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Plasma Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitory activity in normal and hypertensive subjects: relationship to intracellular electrolytes and blood pressure.

The ability of plasma extracts to inhibit Na+-K+ ATPase in vitro (P.I.A.) was tested in 20 normotensives, 10 without (F-) and 10 with (F+) familial hypertension, in 20 borderlines (BL) and in 21 essential hypertensives (EH). In these subjects we also measured intralymphocytic sodium (ILSC) and potassium (ILKC) content, P.R.A. urinary aldosterone and Na+(Na+u), and blood pressure. P.I.A. of EH, BL and F+ subjects was significantly higher than that of F-. 60% of EH and BL and 40% of F+ had P.I.A. values greater than the highest found in F-. P.I.A. was significantly related to mean blood pressure (r = 0.63), to ILSC (r = 0.56), to ILKC (r = -0.56), to ILSC/ILKC ratio (r = 0.71) and to Na+u (r = 0.39) but not to P.R.A. or aldosterone. These data demonstrate that plasma extracts from young subjects prone to hypertension may inhibit sodium pump and that this inhibitor may affect blood pressure by altering the Na+/K+ intracellular ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modifications of intra- and extracellular sodium and potassium. A possible mechanism for the antihypertensive action of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide.

Forty-four essential hypertensive patients were studied during placebo and after 2 months of the following treatments: hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily (group 1); captopril 50 mg twice daily (group 2); hydrochlorothiazide + captopril (group 3). Blood pressure, serum sodium and potassium (Nae, Ke) and intralymphocytic sodium and potassium (Nai, Ki) were measured before and after treatment. During placebo, diastolic blood pressure was directly related to Nai (r = -0.84) and inversely related to Ki (r = -0.81). The correlation was even greater when the Ki:Ke ratio was considered instead of Ki alone (r = -0.91). Hydrochlorothiazide reduced Nai, Ke and Ki. Captopril induced a decrease in Nai, an increase in Ki and no change in Nae or Ke. The association of the two drugs caused a reduction in Nae and Nai and an increase in Ki. All three treatments caused an increase in Ki:Ke ratio which was proportional to the decrease in the blood pressure. While the antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide seems to be more related to Nai:Nae reduction, the effect of captopril seems to be more related to the increase in Ki:Ke ratio. The results of our study suggest that hyperpolarization of arterial smooth muscle cells, induced by a Ki:Ke ratio increase, along with a reduction in Nai:Nae, might play a role in the antihypertensive effect of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Primary angiosarcoma of the right atrium invading the pericardial cavity. Description of a case diagnosed by exploratory thoracotomy and surgically treated with success].

The AA. report the case of a 43-year-old woman with an angiosarcoma arising from the right atrial wall and growing into the pericardial cavity. The patient presented with recurrent pericardial effusion initially responsive to medical therapy. The diagnosis was made at the exploratory thoracotomy. Repeated 2D-Echocardiograms did not help for the diagnosis in this particular case. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, chemo- and radiotherapy. After 30 months there are no signs of recurrence or metastasis. In our opinion the frequent recurrence of pericardial effusion in the same patient should be regarded with special suspicion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics and placental transmission of fazadinium in elective caesarean sections.

The pharmacokinetics and placental transmission of fazadinium (0.75-0.80 mg kg-1) were studied in seven pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section. Plasma levels of the drug were determined by a spectrofluorimetric method and pharmacokinetics were derived according to a 2-compartment open model. Distribution and elimination half-lives averaged 0.07 +/- 0.03 (t1/2 alpha) and 1.24 +/- 0.34 (t1/2 beta) h; the volume of distribution was 20.75 +/- 5.81 1, and the plasma clearance was 202.33 +/- 39.2 ml min-1 1.73 m2. The ratio between umbilical venous blood and maternal blood at delivery ranged from 2.57 to 17.5%. Urinary elimination accounted for 37% of the injected dose within 24 h. It is concluded that because of early good intubating conditions and favourable pharmacokinetics with a modest placental passage, fazadinium might be particularly useful in obstetrics.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cardiovascular response to mental stress: dynamic and isometric exercise in hypertensive patients treated with prizidilol hydrochloride (SK&F 92657).

The cardiovascular effects of a new antihypertensive agent, prizidilol hydrochloride (SK&F 92657), have been evaluated in a group of 13 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, both at rest and during mental stress and isometric or dynamic exercise. After 6 weeks of therapy (200-300 mg of prizidilol b.i.d.) both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at rest were significantly lower than those recorded before treatment and during placebo (with an average decrease of about 22/11 mm Hg in the supine position). Heart rate at rest was slightly reduced. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise and mental stress were not prevented by prizidilol, but blood pressure and heart rate levels around which variation occurred were lowered to a significant extent. During isometric exercise prizidilol did not protect against a rise in diastolic blood pressure. Blood pressure and heart rate reduction both at rest and during stimulation were not related to plasma drug concentrations. Side-effects were very rare. It is concluded that prizidilol significantly reduces blood pressure both at rest and during mental stress and physical activity with only sight effects on heart rate, and with a very simple therapeutic scheme.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1983

[Behavior of plasma and urinary cAMP after intravenous fructose load].

Increased excretion of uric acid and cAMP has been observed in many pathological conditions in man, but interrelation between behaviour of uric acid and cAMP is not well known. To investigate these aspects of purine metabolism the authors have studied behaviour of plasma and urinary cAMP in 8 subjects after intravenous rapid load of fructose (0.5 g/Kg b.w.) compared with the uric acid one. The results have shown that urinary excretion of cAMP after load of fructose is increased, but levels of plasma cAMP remain unchanged. These data confirm consensual relation between urinary uric acid and cAMP excretion, but the exact mechanism of this relation remains unexplained.

Adult↗