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Biomedical subjects

S Bobin

Publications and source records attributed to S Bobin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fistulae of the fourth endobranchial pouch.

Eight cases of laterocervical cystic tumor occurring during childhood are described. Three cases presented in the neonatal period as an obstructive tumor. Five cases presented in bigger children as recurrent abcess of the neck. Two of those were initially considered as acute suppurative thyroiditis. Laryngoscopy revealed, in all cases, a fistula originating from the apex of the pyriform sinus. Considering the pharyngeal connections, the anatomical route and the pathological reports, we believe that these cysts are derived from the 4th endobranchial pouch. A review of the literature of the past 10 years reveals only 14 reported cases of laterocervical tumors of similar origin.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Diaphragmatic and genioglossus electromyographic activity at the onset and at the end of obstructive apnea in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

We studied the activity of the diaphragm and of the genioglossus at the onset and at the end of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Seven children (mean age 46 months, range 15-87) with obstructive sleep apneas mainly due to enlarged tonsils were tested during natural sleep. We recorded sleep stages (neurophysiological criteria), nasal and buccal air flow (thermistors), thoracoabdominal motion (magnetometers), genioglossus and diaphragm electromyographic activity (EMG) (surface electrodes), and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (Radiometer 44 degrees C). A total of 153 obstructive apneas for the whole group of patients was studied. Compared to the preceding unoccluded breaths, genioglossus and diaphragm EMG data showed that 1) at the onset of obstructive apnea there was no significant decrease in genioglossus and/or diaphragm EMG, contrasting with published data for obese adults, and 2) at the end of obstructive apnea, significant preferential increase in genioglossus EMG, not related to the decrease in transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, was found as in obese adults. This study showed that different mechanisms may control the onset of obstructive apnea in children as compared to adults, whereas children and obese adults share the same preferential increase in genioglossus EMG at the end of obstructive apnea.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma. A report of 49 cases.

Forty-nine laryngeal subglottic hemangiomas were observed in infants over a 9-year period. The diagnosis was always confirmed by direct laryngoscopy. The outcome of 42 of these hemangiomas was studied. A total of 26 infants recovered completely after medical treatment and 16 were intubated; only 4 underwent a tracheostomy. Short-term steroid therapy was sufficient in 7 infants, but long-term administration of corticosteroids was necessary in 14 cases. In 10 of the 16 intubated cases it was possible to withdraw corticosteroids permanently. Of the 6 remaining cases, 32P contact radiation therapy was tried in 2 cases of which one was successful, CO2 laser in 2 cases without success, tracheostomy alone in one case and one child died 2 months after extubation, without dyspnea. This series leads us to recommend corticosteroids as a first therapeutic step and short-term nasotracheal intubation if unsuccessful.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

[Laryngitis in newborn infants. Apropos of 3 cases].

Laryngoscopic examination of new-born infants with laryngeal dyspnea or dysphonia usually reveals a congenital lesion, but true infections laryngitis, although rare, does still exist. Three cases are reviewed and the literature searched. Functional laryngeal signs are non-pathognomonic, all three levels of the larynx may be affected by inflammation, and pathogenic agents may be viral (herpes), bacterial (Haemophilus Para-Influenzae) or mycotic. In two of the cases reported confirmation of diagnosis was by local swab under laryngoscopic guidance. Recovery occurred after medical treatment alone and intubation was not required in any of the three patients. These findings emphasize the value of laryngoscopy with swab in all neonates with dyspnea or dysphonia in an infectious context.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed1985

[Myringoplasty in children].

An anatomical success rate of 81% was obtained in 150 children 2 to 15 years of age operated upon by myringoplasty in the hospital Bretonneau, Paris between 1977 and 1984. Results were unrelated to age the season or the condition of the mucosa. Adverse factors were a previous history of a transtympanic aerator, a velar cleft or bilateral perforations. Mean functional gain after 1 year was 14 dB. It was not related to age or the technique used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Congenital glottic-subglottic stenoses].

One particular form of congenital stenosis of larynx that should be considered as a separate entity is the combination of a glottic stenosis with subglottic retraction. The salient features of this malformation are analyzed in 15 cases: laryngeal dyspnea with dysphonia in 2 of 3 patients and the possible detection of a subglottic anomaly on lateral radiography of larynx. However, confirmation of diagnosis can only be by laryngotracheoscopy. It is important to establish a diagnosis of subglottic stenosis associated with a palmation, since treatment and prognosis are very different from those of an isolated glottic palmation: all attempts at endoscopic treatment resulted in failure that intubation or tracheotomy was necessary in 7 cases. One of the 3 fatal cases was directly related to lack of detection of the subglottic stenosis. A successful laryngoplasty was performed in 10 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Severe tracheo-bronchial compression caused by a circumflex aorta. Apropos of 3 cases treated by aortic uncrossing].

The cases of three children with an encircling right aortic arch and left sided descending aorta illustrate the fact that this rare abnormality may cause severe compression of the tracheo-bronchial axis. A ventricular septal defect was associated to the abnormal vascular arch in all three cases. The compressive structure was the aorta and these children could only be extubated after surgical uncrossing . Before diagnosing tracheomalacia in a child operated for an abnormal vascular arch, residual compression must be excluded by tracheo-bronchial fibroscopy.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1984

[Laryngeal anomalies in newborn infants. Apropos of 687 cases].

Congenital laryngeal anomalies are a frequent cause of obstructive dyspnea in neonates and young infants, and raise diagnostic and emergency treatment problems. Clinical symptomatology includes stridor of variable severity, obstructive dyspnea and deglutition disorders, but a less typical picture may be seen of apnea, cyanotic episodes, bradycardia and even cardiac arrests. A retrospective study of 687 case-reports of infants treated between 1974 and 1983 was conducted. Lesions included essential congenital laryngeal stridor (laryngomalacia) in 378 cases (50%), of which 15% were severe with respiratory distress and/or deglutition disorders; laryngeal palsy in 161 cases (23%), bilateral in 56 and unilateral in 105 cases; laryngeal incoordination in 23 cases; laryngeal stenosis: 79 cases (11%) including 58 subglottic and 18 dysphragmatic stenoses and 3 atresias; subglottic hematoma: 49 cases; ary-epiglottic or glosso-epiglottic cyst: 15 cases; laryngeal diastema: 11 cases; and bifid epiglottis: 1 case. Clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings, and the principal therapies used, are discussed for each anomaly.

Cysts↗
PubMed1984

[Diastema or laryngeal or posterior laryngotracheal cleft. Analysis of 16 cases].

Laryngeal diastema or laryngeal or posterior laryngotracheal cleft is a rare congenital malformation producing an aerodigestive communication of abnormal location which leads to severe or even fatal respiratory and infective complications. Findings in 16 cases are presented and the characteristics and particular problems of treatment of this malformation discussed. Diagnosis is presently based on results of microlaryngoscopic examination. Details are given of therapy of the commonest forms of the affection (cricoidal and upper cricotracheal), operations being performed in 9 such cases, and the place and course of forms limited to the interarytenoidal space discussed. Frequency and effect on prognosis of associated malformation are outlined. Considerable improvement has been obtained in the postoperative prognosis of cricoidal (I) and upper cricotracheal (II) forms during the last few years, and these forms must now be considered as curable.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Congenital laryngeal stenosis].

This presentation is a retrospective study on 79 infants and children with congenital laryngeal stenosis, among which there were 18 webs, 15 glotto-subglottic stenosis, 43 sub-glottic stenosis and 3 atresias. For each one of these anomalies, clinical features, radiologic evaluation, endoscopic findings and treatment are reviewed.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1984

[Ligation of the common carotid. Studies of the circumstances and follow up of 42 ligations].

The authors report the results of a series, between 1969 and 1978, of 42 patients who had received ligation to the carotid arterial trunk. In 36 patients, the ligation was performed as an emergency measure, often under extemporary circumstances, because of massive hemorrhage in individuals who had received surgery after previous radiotherapy. The complications after applying these ligatures have been catastrophic for many reasons. Fifteen rapid recurrent hemorrhages occurred, leading to the deaths of 13 patients. Twenty-two patients developed major neurological problems and 12 of these subsequently died. The third complication observed was the onset of extensive necrosis. This necrosis was the direct result of applying a ligature, as a last resort, to the carotid trunk supplying a vascular territory already compromised by previous radiotherapy and surgery. The authors propose different techniques for these subsequent ameliorating operations. They insist, particularly, on performing an arterectomy instead of simply applying a ligature to the carotid trunk.

Carotid Arteries↗