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Biomedical subjects

S Billaudel

Publications and source records attributed to S Billaudel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Typing of papillomaviruses in cervical dysplasias. Its value in treatment].

The typing fo Human Papillomavirus (HPV) was carried out in cervical lesions in order to decide on the best therapy to carry out in mild and medium dysplasias of the cervix. 131 patients who had an iodo-negative zone or a smear suggesting an HPV infection had microbiopsies carried out under colposcopic control. Every lesion had two biopsies carried out side by side to study the histopathology and the virology. Dysplastic lesions were found in 93 biopsies. A search for the DNA of HPV 6a, 16 and 18 was carried out using a Southern blot technique with 32P following the method of Random multipriming. Hybridization was carried out in strict and non-strict conditions. In 43 cases out of 93 dysplasias a virus was found: 2 HPV 6a, 14 HPV 16, 1 HPV 18 and 26 X HPV's (not typed). The number of HPV's that could be detected increased according to the severity of the dysplasia which was also found in frequency of type 16. Where the biopsies showed no dysplasia type 16 was found in four out of seven viruses. In this study electrophoretic profiles for type 16 were found in four cases suggesting that they were integrated into the chromosome of the cell. The low percentage of HPV found in mild or moderate dysplasias (4 type 16 out of 61 biopsies) shows that at present this test can not be used as an aid in choosing treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen after seventy-two hours of culture.

Between September, 1987, and April, 1989, three techniques for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were compared: indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on the sample, indirect immunofluorescence after 72 h of MRC-5 cell culture (IF 72h), and detection of the cytopathic effect (CPE) by MRC-5 and HEp-2 cell culture. A study of 383 nasal aspirates from young children admitted to the Centre Hospitalier de Nantes (CHR) showing miscellaneous respiratory symptoms produced the following results: 143 samples (37%) were RSV positive by IF, 119 (31%) were positive by IF 72h, and 117 (31%) showed RSV-induced CPE. In comparison with tissue culture isolation (TC), the sensitivities of IF and IF 72h were 89% and 80% and their specificities 85% and 91%, respectively. During the winter of 1988-1989, of the 110 RSV-positive nasal aspirates (104 by IF, 89 by IF 72h, 83 by CPE detection), 109 were identified by IF and/or IF 72h. IF 72h affords rapid detection of RSV.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiology of Horton's disease. Is there an environmental factor, infective in particular?].

Epidemiological studies of temporal arteritis have essentially only been reported in the English literature. The authors of this study were concerned with this aspect of temporal arteritis in the Loire-Atlantique region of France over a period of 10 years (1970-1979). The high prevalence in white races has been confirmed. The annual incidence in France is comparable to that seen in Northern Europe and the USA. The incidence of the disease is especially high between 70 and 80 years. The apparent female predominance is related to the greater life expectancy in women. The study of several conjugal cases does not suggest the intervention of an infectious agent. The same is true for isolated cases where the responsibility of a bacterial or viral agent has not been demonstrated. Other environmental factors (sun exposure, life-style, socio-professional classification) do not affect the incidence of the disease. The genetic background would seem to be of particular importance. This study found a significantly higher prevalence of HLA DR4 antigen, confirming the results of American and British studies. However, in contrast to previous studies, this series did not confirm an increase in HLA B8 antigen.

Environment↗
PubMed1988

[Immunologic response in herpes encephalitis: development of the antibody serum/cerebrospinal fluid ratio in 13 cases].

Serological monitoring was performed in 13 cases of herpetic encephalitis (one infant and 12 adults). Samples taken simultaneously from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested before and after initiation of antiviral treatment. Antiherpesvirus (anti-HSV) antibodies were assayed by an ELISA method. The state of the blood-brain barrier was controlled by assaying other antiviral antibodies. Immune response was studied during the 3-to-4 weeks of the course of the infection. Anti-HSV IgG levels in CSF increased markedly after 12 days. At the same time, antibody serum/CSF ratios dropped below a value of 20, indicating intrathecal secretion of the antibody. Based on results in monitoring these 13 cases, it may be suggested that 3 samples of serum and CSF are required to confirm the herpetic etiology, including 2 samples taken during the second week of the course of encephalitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of 2 immunoenzyme methods for the determination of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM].

An antibody capture assay technique using a labeled antigen (Wellcome Laboratories) and an ELISA technique performed after elimination of serum IgG (Behring Laboratories) were assessed for determination of anti-cytomegalovirus IgM. Their specificity and sensitivity were compared in tests on 208 sera, some (60) of which had IgM rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies or anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies. The other sera were analyzed relative to diagnosis of a cytomegalovirus infection. The antibody capture assay technique was slightly more sensitive than the ELISA technique but did not resolve all the specificity problems.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical and ultrastructural features of human fibroblasts cultured from a new variant of type 3 lipid storage myopathy.

A new variant of multisystemic lipid storage myopathy (type 3) has been identified. Human cultured fibroblasts present a major triacylglycerol storage whereas other neutral lipids and phospholipids are in the normal range. When feeding the cells in the presence of radiolabelled oleic acid we observed an accumulation of radiolabelled triacylglycerols demonstrating the endogenous biosynthesis of the stored triacylglycerols. After a 72-hr chase period, no degradation of radiolabelled triacylglycerols was observed. Histochemical examination of multisystemic lipid storage myopathy skin fibroblasts showed a massive accumulation of neutral lipids (stained by the fluorescent probe Nile Red) in cells grown in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. These cytoplasmic vacuoles were not obviously membrane-surrounded as shown by electron microscopy.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1984

[Antibacterial effects of the combinations of azlocillin with other antibiotics].

Evaluating the synergistic effects of antibiotic associations is by no means an easy task owing to the diversity of the test methods utilized for this purpose. Data extracted from 11 reports published between 1975 and 1982 and concerning associations of azlocillin with various aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomycin, netilmicin, amikacin, tobramycin and dibekacin) and with two beta-lactam antibiotics (cloxacillin and cefotaxime) are reviewed in this article. On the whole, a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae was most frequently observed with the azlocillin-aminoglycoside association. This effect was usually more pronounced with organisms showing low sensitivity to azlocillin and less pronounced with organisms resistant to aminoglycosides. As often pointed out, there is no general rule that would help predict with certainty from the sensitivity of a strain whether or not any given antibiotic association will act synergistically on that strain.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[Critical study of the serological diagnosis of herpetic encephalitis. Apropos of 4 cases].

Virologic study was performed in four cases of Herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was recovered from surgical brain biopsy specimens taken in three cases. Anti-HSV antibodies were assayed in simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples by ELISA. CSF and serum specific antibody ratios were compared to those of antibodies directed against other viral antigens whenever possible. A significant and early increase in this CSF/serum ratio was demonstrated in two patients. The diagnostic value of this serological method is discussed, as an alternative to viral isolation from brain biopsy specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of mezlocillin against Listeria (author's transl)].

The bacteriostatic activity of mezlocillin was compared with those of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin against 197 strains of Listeria monocytogenes, including 18 laboratory strains belonging to various serotypes. The most active antibiotics were benzylpenicillin and amoxycillin (0.25 micrograms/ml inhibited 100% of the strains), followed by ampicillin (0.5 micrograms/ml); 98% of the strains were inhibited by mezlocillin 1 micrograms/ml. The bactericidal activity of mezlocillin was compared with that of ampicillin against 10 strains of Listeria. After 6 or 24 hours of incubation, the antibiotics had weak bactericidal activities. After 48 hours, MICs and MBCs were almost identical. The bactericidal activity of mezlocillin was one dilution greater than that of ampicillin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Combinations of mezlocillin with other antibiotics. A review of in vitro laboratory studies (author's transl)].

Thirteen publications concerning combinations of mezlocillin with other antibiotics are reviewed, with special attention to antibiotics at present available in France. A fairly large number of different methods were used by the authors, making a comparative study extremely difficult. Most studies dealt with mezlocillin-aminoglycoside combinations against enterobacteriacaea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa : the effect was predominantly synergistic, but a few antagonistic effects are reported. The results on other groups of bacteria and with other antibiotics are more scattered. It was sometimes useful to combine mezlocillin with a cephalosporin. A synergistic effect with fosfomycin was found against Serratia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Susceptibility to fosfomycin of hospital strains isolated in Nantes (France). Frequency of mutation to resistance.

Susceptibility of 760 bacterial isolates to fosfomycin has been determined by the agar dilution method. The MICs of 364 strains have been determined by comparison of agar alone and agar plus glucose-6-phosphate. This later enhances the activity of fosfomycin. Lastly, we studied frequency of mutation toward resistance for 109 susceptible strains. We obtained 88 stable mutants.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Microgallery for the identification of anaerobic bacteria].

A microgallery for the identification of anaerobic bacteria (API 20A) was used with regard to 213 strictly anaerobic strains isolated between 1.12.74 and 30.11.75 in a hospital laboratory. Furthermore, 75 strains of Bacteroides fragilis isolated previously were added to this study. All the strains were identified by traditional methods. The results of tests performed with the microgallery alone permitted the species diagnosis in 72,2% of cases. Performing simultaneously complementary tests (7 to 9 Tubes, according to the nature of the bacteria) the species diagnosis was possible in 89.9% of cases. The main interest of this microgallery was its use for the identification of glucidolytic strains for it included the presence of 17 ternary substances. Its use for the other groups of strains was thus limited.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

[Hand, foot and mouth disease].

Two characteristic cases encountered in young adults led the authors to present the hand foot and mouth syndrome. They report the characteristic distribution and vesicular appearance of the lesions. The course was benign. The viral origin of the disease was more or less easily confirmed by cell culture, inoculation in new born mice and demonstration of antibodies. Usually the virus was a Coxackie A 16. However in one of the authors cases, an Echo 11 was demonstrated. The apparent rareness of the disease may be explained by lack of recognition.

Adult↗